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<div><section data-id="Interview Detail Banner" id="Interview Detail Banner" class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0 !pb-0 !pt-spacing20 md:!bg-offWhite"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><ol itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="flex h-8 w-auto justify-start items-center bg-transparent md:!bg-offWhite xs:!bg-yellow1"><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="" class="px-spacing8 h-full cursor-pointer flex rounded-128 items-center group-hover:bg-mono-black/4 duration-500 ease-in-out transition justify-center" itemprop="item"><div itemprop="name" content="Home"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-600 group-hover:font-medium group-hover:underline group-hover:underline-offset-3 group-hover:text-mono-black">Home</div></div></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"><i class=" icon-chevron-right text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-600  md:text-neutral-400 self-center "></i></li><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="interview-questions" class="px-spacing8 h-full cursor-pointer flex rounded-128 items-center group-hover:bg-mono-black/4 duration-500 ease-in-out transition justify-center" itemprop="item"><div itemprop="name"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-500 group-hover:font-medium group-hover:underline group-hover:underline-offset-3 group-hover:text-mono-black max-w-50 overflow-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap overflow-hidden">Interview Questions</div></div></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"><i class=" icon-chevron-right text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-600  md:text-neutral-400 self-center "></i></li><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="interview-questions/agile-management" class="px-spacing8 h-full cursor-pointer flex rounded-128 items-center group-hover:bg-mono-black/4 duration-500 ease-in-out transition justify-center" itemprop="item"><div itemprop="name"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-500 group-hover:font-medium group-hover:underline group-hover:underline-offset-3 group-hover:text-mono-black max-w-50 overflow-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap overflow-hidden">Agile Management</div></div></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"><i class=" icon-chevron-right text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-600  md:text-neutral-400 self-center "></i></li><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><span class="overflow-hidden px-spacing8 "><div itemprop="name"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-500 max-w-50 overflow-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap overflow-hidden">Scrum </div></div></span><meta itemprop="position" content="4"><i class=" hidden"></i></li></ol></div></div></div></section></div><div><section data-id="Interview Detail Banner" id="Interview Detail Banner" class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0 bg-offWhite !py-0 !pb-0"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-center md:justify-between bg-offWhite  md:pt-spacing20 md:pb-[48px]"><div class="md:max-w-[579px] xs:w-full"><p class="uppercase text-interview-grey-1 text-interactionNormal font-semibold pb-spacing7">Agile Management</p><h1 class="font-[700] text-headingBanner2 pb-spacing20 text-black">Scrum </h1><p class="text-greyscale1 text-interactionNormal leading-[22px] font-normal flex items-center gap-spacing6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none"><path d="M8.09313 2.36439C8.46453 1.61186 9.53762 1.61185 9.90902 2.36439L11.6202 5.8317L15.4466 6.38771C16.2771 6.50838 16.6087 7.52895 16.0078 8.11472L13.239 10.8136L13.8926 14.6246C14.0345 15.4517 13.1663 16.0825 12.4235 15.6919L9.00108 13.8927L5.57864 15.6919C4.83584 16.0825 3.96769 15.4517 4.10955 14.6246L4.76318 10.8136L1.99437 8.11472C1.39343 7.52896 1.72504 6.50838 2.55551 6.38771L6.38191 5.8317L8.09313 2.36439ZM9.00108 3.06669L7.36457 6.38262C7.21708 6.68146 6.932 6.88858 6.60222 6.9365L2.94286 7.46824L5.5908 10.0493C5.82943 10.2819 5.93832 10.6171 5.88199 10.9455L5.2569 14.5901L8.52992 12.8694C8.82489 12.7143 9.17727 12.7143 9.47224 12.8694L12.7453 14.5901L12.1202 10.9455C12.0638 10.6171 12.1727 10.2819 12.4114 10.0493L15.0593 7.46824L11.3999 6.9365C11.0702 6.88858 10.7851 6.68146 10.6376 6.38262L9.00108 3.06669Z" fill="#FF9F1F"></path></svg>4.9 Rating<span class="bg-transparent"></span><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-book-open text-yellow-main text-base"></i> 231 Questions<span class="bg-transparent"></span><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-clock text-yellow-main text-base"></i> 75 mins read<span class="bg-transparent"></span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="11" viewBox="0 0 15 11" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.24952 2.59291C2.23066 3.44326 1.51929 4.44071 1.16018 5.00933C1.11075 5.0876 1.09048 5.12047 1.0772 5.14603C1.0712 5.15757 1.06952 5.16207 1.06839 5.16646C1.06826 5.16749 1.06809 5.16902 1.06789 5.17105C1.0672 5.17843 1.06667 5.1885 1.06667 5.2C1.06667 5.2115 1.0672 5.22157 1.06789 5.22895C1.06809 5.23098 1.06826 5.23251 1.06839 5.23354C1.06952 5.23793 1.0712 5.24243 1.0772 5.25397C1.09048 5.27953 1.11075 5.3124 1.16018 5.39067C1.51929 5.95929 2.23066 6.95674 3.24952 7.80709C4.26712 8.6564 5.55933 9.33333 7.0961 9.33333C8.63288 9.33333 9.92509 8.6564 10.9427 7.80709C11.9615 6.95674 12.6729 5.95929 13.032 5.39067C13.0815 5.3124 13.1017 5.27953 13.115 5.25396C13.121 5.24246 13.1227 5.23796 13.1238 5.23358C13.1239 5.23255 13.1241 5.23101 13.1243 5.22895C13.125 5.22157 13.1255 5.2115 13.1255 5.2C13.1255 5.1885 13.125 5.17843 13.1243 5.17105C13.1241 5.16902 13.1239 5.16749 13.1238 5.16646C13.1227 5.16207 13.121 5.15757 13.115 5.14603C13.1017 5.12047 13.0815 5.0876 13.032 5.00933C12.6729 4.44071 11.9615 3.44325 10.9427 2.59291C9.92509 1.7436 8.63288 1.06667 7.0961 1.06667C5.55933 1.06667 4.26712 1.7436 3.24952 2.59291ZM2.56604 1.77398C3.70346 0.824679 5.22954 0 7.0961 0C8.96266 0 10.4887 0.824679 11.6262 1.77398C12.7623 2.72224 13.5427 3.8204 13.9339 4.43976C13.9388 4.44758 13.9438 4.45545 13.9489 4.4634C14.0278 4.58784 14.1182 4.73042 14.1644 4.9319C14.2015 5.0936 14.2015 5.3064 14.1644 5.4681C14.1182 5.66958 14.0278 5.81216 13.9489 5.9366C13.9438 5.94455 13.9388 5.95243 13.9339 5.96024C13.5427 6.5796 12.7623 7.67775 11.6262 8.62601C10.4887 9.57532 8.96266 10.4 7.0961 10.4C5.22954 10.4 3.70346 9.57532 2.56604 8.62601C1.42987 7.67775 0.649473 6.5796 0.258315 5.96024C0.253381 5.95243 0.248386 5.94455 0.243343 5.9366C0.164414 5.81216 0.0739778 5.66958 0.027797 5.4681C-0.00926565 5.3064 -0.00926565 5.0936 0.027797 4.9319C0.0739778 4.73042 0.164414 4.58784 0.243343 4.4634C0.248385 4.45545 0.253381 4.44757 0.258314 4.43976C0.649473 3.8204 1.42987 2.72225 2.56604 1.77398ZM7.0961 3.73333C6.28609 3.73333 5.62944 4.38998 5.62944 5.2C5.62944 6.01002 6.28609 6.66667 7.0961 6.66667C7.90612 6.66667 8.56277 6.01002 8.56277 5.2C8.56277 4.38998 7.90612 3.73333 7.0961 3.73333ZM4.56277 5.2C4.56277 3.80088 5.69698 2.66667 7.0961 2.66667C8.49522 2.66667 9.62944 3.80088 9.62944 5.2C9.62944 6.59912 8.49522 7.73333 7.0961 7.73333C5.69698 7.73333 4.56277 6.59912 4.56277 5.2Z" fill="#FF9F1F"></path></svg>460 Readers</p></div><div class="rounded-[12px] h-auto relative overflow-hidden self-auto"><img alt="Interview Detail Banner Image" fetchpriority="high" loading="eager" width="411" height="274" decoding="async"  class="object-cover rounded-[12px]" style="color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 411px, 274px" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1499540633125-bd2b2f65a7e6?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div><section data-id="Interview_Detail_Page_Interviews_Section" id="Interview_Detail_Page_Interviews_Section" class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><div class="flex flex-row relative gap-spacing80"><div class="md:min-w-[846px] xs:w-full"><h3 class="text-interview-black-1 font-[700] md:text-title2 xs:text-baseInterviewTitle pb-spacing10">Introduction</h3><div class="text-neutral7 font-normal md:text-bodyNormal xs:text-bannerPoints pb-spacing24"><p>Scrum is a factual process where decisions are made on the basis of observation, experience, and experimentation. It is an agile project management framework that helps teams manage tasks through a set of values, principles, and practices. Whether you are a beginner or an intermediate, or an expert Scrum professional, this guide will aid in increasing your confidence and knowledge of Scrum.

The below Agile Scrum interview questions and answers will get you acquainted with different types of questions that you may come across during your Scrum interview, like Scrum roles, events, artifacts, etc. Also, this guide brings you step-wise explanations for every question that will aid you in understanding the concepts. With Scrum interview questions by your side, you can be positive about preparing well for the upcoming interview.</p></div><div><section class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0 bg-subdued md:bg-white !py-0 !px-0"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><div class="flex items-center justify-center font-Inter"><div class="bg-subdued w-full md:p-spacing40 py-spacing40 rounded-custom20"><div class="flex justify-between items-center"><div class="items-center flex-1"><div class="max-w-133"><div class="text-3xl leading-9.75 font-bold text-mono-black mt-spacing6">Scrum Interview Questions and Answers</div></div></div></div><div class=""><div><div class="relative flex w-fit items-center max-w-full customized-x-scrollbar gap-spacing12 md:gap-spacing24 rounded-xl bg-white p-spacing8 shadow-primaryDouble my-6 md:my-spacing40"><button class="z-1 rounded-lg px-spacing16 h-10 transition-all duration-300 ease-out flex items-center gap-spacing8 whitespace-nowrap font-semibold text-primary-900 bg-primary-100 delay-300"><h3 class="text-sm md:text-base first-letter:capitalize">Beginner</h3></button><button class="z-1 rounded-lg px-spacing16 h-10 transition-all duration-300 ease-out flex items-center gap-spacing8 whitespace-nowrap bg-transparent font-medium text-neutral-800 hover:text-primary-600"><h3 class="text-sm md:text-base first-letter:capitalize">Advanced</h3></button><span class="absolute block h-10 rounded-lg bg-primary-100 transition-all duration-300" style="left:0;width:0;opacity:1"></span></div></div><div class=""><div><div class="text-xl text-neutral-800 mb-spacing20 font-bold">Beginner</div><div class="relative w-full"><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-primary-main outline-2 shadow-card hover:shadow-card visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-t-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden">1. Is Scrum a methodology or framework?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-0 text-neutral-800"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US"><strong><em>One of the most frequently posed Scrum interview questions, be ready for it.</em></strong></span><em><strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p>Methodologies in the IT world mean detailed, stringent, defined principles and mandatory processes and predefined algorithms. Every process or step should be carefully followed in sequence and documented properly.</p><p>Scrum is always misunderstood as a methodology rather, it is a set of instructions given mainly for the product, which has high uncertainties, complexities, and unpredictable.</p><p>It is a process that works best for all the players that emerge from the use of Scrum within the set boundaries.</p><p>Scrum as a framework describes roles and rules upon principles that help and facilitate people in a low-prescriptive way.</p><p>The Scrum framework leaves different options and tactics to play the game as it replaces the defined algorithmic approach with respect to people and self-organization to deal with unpredictability and uncertainties issues. The Scrum core values give direction to the actions and the behavior of the Scrum team and the additions they make to the framework.</p><p>One of the agile methodologies is Scrum which implements Agile principles.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">2. What advantages do requirements conversations have over requirement documents?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>One of the core principles of Scrum is working software over software documentation. But it doesn’t mean there will not be any documentation but yes, they need to keep at its minimum. It is more important to think about users’ goals than to list the attributes of a solution.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">In Scrum, we consider the requirements as User Stories. They are similar to the use case scenario. But use cases till tend to be larger than single story and can be more prone to containing embedded assumptions about user interface.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Use cases are much more complete than user stories. Use cases are designed to be permanent artifacts of the development process while user stories are more transient and not intended to outlive the iteration in which they are developed.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">In the requirement documents use cases are written so that developers and customers can discuss them and agree to them. User stories are written to facilitate release planning and to serve as reminders to fill in requirements details with conversations.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">User stories emphasize verbal communication. Written language is often very imprecise, and there’s no guarantee that a customer and developer will interpret a statement in the same way.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Traditional documents are very tiring, tedious, error prone and time consuming compared to user stories.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">In this case, time was wasted writing the three-fourths of the document that the team won't have time to develop, and more time will be wasted as the developers, analysts, and customer iterate over which functionality can be developed in time. With stories, an estimate is associated with each story immediately. The customer knows the velocity of the team and the cost of each story.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">3. What is iteration planning and sprint planning?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Sprint Planning Meeting:</strong></b></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Attendees</strong></b><span>: Development team, Scrum Master, and Product Owner</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">When</strong></b><span>: At the beginning of the sprint.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Duration</strong></b><span>: Approx 120 min for a 2-week iteration</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Purpose</strong></b><span>: Product owner comes with the prioritized backlog and then the Scrum Team plans the items they are going to deliver in the Sprint and the way they will deliver them, estimate them, break into tasks.</span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are two defined artifacts of sprint planning.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">1. Sprint Goal</strong></b><span>-The sprint goal should be a short description of what the team plans to achieve during the sprint. It is written collaboratively by the team and the product owner.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Example</strong></b><span>-Implement login functionality of the website.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">2. Sprint backlog</strong></b><span>-The sprint backlog is the output of the sprint planning. A sprint backlog is a list of the product backlog items the team commits to delivering plus the list of tasks necessary to delivering those product backlog items. Each task on the sprint backlog is also usually estimated.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">3. Iteration planning -</strong></b><span>Iteration is a more generic term with respect to the Agile. It is used for a single development cycle and is used for Iterative and Incremental process. Sprint is Scrum specific hence sprint is an iteration but not all forms of iterations are sprint.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">4. What is an Epic, User story, and task?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Epic -</strong></b><span>An </span><i><em class="CertTheme__textItalic">epic</em></i><span> captures a large body of work. It is essentially a large user story that can be broken down into a number of smaller stories. It may take several sprints to complete an epic.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">User Story- </strong></b><span>A </span><i><em class="CertTheme__textItalic">story</em></i><span> or </span><i><em class="CertTheme__textItalic">user story</em></i><span> is a software system requirement that is expressed in a few short sentences, ideally using non-technical language. It is generally estimated in story points.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Task-</strong></b><span> A task is a unit of work contained within a story. It is estimated in hours.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">An example is given below.</strong></b><img alt="Epic User story and task" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1555066931-4365d14bab8c?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">5. What is TDD (test driven development)?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US"><strong><em>A staple in Agile Scrum interview questions, be prepared to answer this one.</em></strong></span><em><strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p>TDD is defined as programming practice that starts before the development phase starts, unlike Traditional testing. It instructs developers to write new code only if an automated test has failed. The primary goal of TDD is to make the code clearer, simple and bug-free.</p><p>TDD is an iterative development process. Each iteration starts with a set of tests written for a new piece of functionality. These tests are supposed to fail during the start of iteration as there will be no application code corresponding to the tests. In the next phase of the iteration, Application code is written with the intention of passing all the tests written earlier in the iteration. Once the application code is ready tests are run.</p><p>Any failures in the test run are marked and more Application code is written/re-factored to make these tests pass. Once the application code is added/re-factored the tests are rerun. This cycle keeps on happening until all the tests pass. Once all the tests pass, we can be sure that all the features for which tests were written have been developed.</p><p>Following steps define how to perform TDD test:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Add a test.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Run all tests and see if any new test fails.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Write some code.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Run tests and Refactor code.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Repeat.</li></ul><p><img alt="What is TDD test driven development" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517048676732-dce42f022dc7?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p><strong>Benefits of TDD</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The unit test proves that the code actually works</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Can drive the design of the program</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Refactoring allows for improving the design of the code</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Low-Level regression test suite</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Test first reduce the cost of the bugs</li></ul><p><img alt="TDD &amp; BDD and automated testing" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1499540633125-bd2b2f65a7e6?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">6. What is BDD (Behavior-driven development)?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>BDD is an extension of TDD. The major difference between TDD and BDD are:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Tests are written in plain descriptive English type grammar</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Tests are explained as the behavior of an application and are more user-focused</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Using examples to clarify requirements</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This difference brings in the need to have a language which can define, in an understandable format.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Features of BDD</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Shifting from thinking in “tests” to thinking in “behavior”</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Collaboration between Business stakeholders, Business Analysts, QA Team and developers</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Ubiquitous language, it is easy to describe</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Driven by Business Value</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Extends Test Driven Development (TDD) by utilizing natural language that non-technical stakeholders can understand</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>BDD frameworks such as Cucumber or JBehave are an enabler, acting as a “bridge” between Business &amp; Technical Language</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Example</strong></b><span>:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Scenario</strong></b><span>: Duplicate email Where someone tries to create an account for an email address that already exists.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Given I have chosen to sign up But I enter an email address that has already registered Then I should be told that the email is already registered And I should be offered the option to recover my password</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Now after a look at the above example code, anybody can understand the workings of the test and what it is intended to do. It gives an unexpected powerful impact by enabling people to visualize the system before it has been built. Any of the business users would read and understand the test and able to give you the feedback that whether it reflects their understanding of what the system should do, and it can even lead to thinking of other scenarios that need to be considered too.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Advantages of BDD:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Writing BDD tests in an omnipresent language, a language structured around the domain model and widely used by all team members comprising of developers, testers, BAs, and customers.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Connecting technical with nontechnical members of a software team.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Allowing direct interaction with the developer’s code, but BDD tests are written in a language which can also be made out by business stakeholders.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Last but not least, acceptance tests can be executed automatically, while it is performed manually by business stakeholders.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">7. What are the four values of Agile?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">This question is a regular feature in Scrum interview questions and answers, be ready to tackle it.</strong></b></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The four values of Scrum as per the Scrum Guide are:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Individuals and interactions over processes and tools</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Valuing people more than the processes and tools is the main aim of Scrum. Communication is an example of valuing individuals versus process. It is the people who respond to business needs and drive the development process. Daily Scrum meeting and Retrospection is an example of this where each individual will get to interact with the team and leaders directly.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Working software over comprehensive documentation</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Historically, an enormous amount of time is spent on documentation and was one of the biggest causes of delays in product development and delivery which indirectly leads to customer dissatisfaction. It is a myth that Scrum doesn’t support documentation rather, it streamlined the process in such a way which gives the developer an opportunity to work on what is needed and deliver the best quality software, which leads to customer satisfaction. Agile documents requirements as user stories, which are sufficient for a software developer to begin the task of building a new function.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The Agile Manifesto values documentation, but it values working software more.</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Customer collaboration over contract negotiation</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In the Scrum process, the customer has involved even before the project starts (Iteration planning), during the project execution, which is sprint review. With this customer collaboration during the entire process, the development phase is quite easy and expected to meet the customer needs. With development models such as Waterfall, customers negotiate the requirements for the product, often in great detail, prior to any work starting which means that requirements are completely frozen and no scope of changing them in between.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Responding to change over following a plan</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>With short sprint cycles, the customer change in requirements can be incorporated easily in the next iteration, whereas in traditional methods, the incorporation of changes in the middle is very expensive.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Agile’ s view is that changes always improve a project; changes provide additional value.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Responding to change over following a plan" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1515169061895-37fbb16acd37?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">8. What are the advantages of Agile over the waterfall model?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Traditional waterfall model treats Analysis, Design, Coding and testing as discrete phases of a software project.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Quality Suffers:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="What are the advantages of Agile over waterfall model" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1524178232363-1fb2b075b655?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>First, the project runs out of money until it reached the last phase. This means that a good project tends to cut on the testing phase and the quality suffers.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Poor visibility:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Secondly, because working software isn't produced until the end of the project, you never really know where you are on a Waterfall project. That last 20% of the project always seems to take 80% of the time.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Too risky:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Thirdly you've got schedule risk because you never know if you are going to make it until the end. You've got technical risk because you don't actually get to test your design or architecture until late in the project. And you've got product risk because don't even know if you are building the right until it's too late to make any changes</span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">.</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Can’t make changes in the middle:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It’s not easy to make any changes in the middle because the architecture and all technical aspects are already closed before the development phase. It is very costly to do those changes in the middle.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The Agile Approach:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Instead of treating these fixed stages Agilists believe these are continuous activities.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>By doing them continuously:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Quality improves because testing starts from day one.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Visibility improves because you are 1/2 way through the project when you have built 1/2 the features.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Risk is reduced because you are getting feedback early, and</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Customers are happy because they can make changes without paying exorbitant costs.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="The Agile Approach" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1550133730-695473e544be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">9. What is Definition of Done and Definition of Ready?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Definition of Ready:</strong></b><span> A sprint is a time-boxed development cycle in which items need to be pulled from the prioritized backlog. However, it is very important that the items (User Story) should be in “Ready state”. Pulling unfinished or unrefined user story will make the current sprint delay its deliverables as well as developer will also not be able to develop the expected functionality.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>“Ready” State is clearly depicted in the below diagram.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Definition of Ready and Definition of Done" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531538398863-7fc8db5d8f63?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Definition of Ready is focused on the User Story level characteristics whereas Definition of Ready on Sprint and Release level.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Definition of Done: </strong></b><span>It represents the acceptance criteria for the Sprint. This list is prepared in discussion/agreement with the Product Owner and Development team on what needs to be completed for user story—it is often standardized across the company in order to deliver consistent product quality.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Sample of Definition of Done is shown below. As per project needs, this can be tweaked.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Test conditions are written where beneficial to a story</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Unit tests written (where crucial ) and passing</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Acceptance tests written, executed, and passing</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Functional testing complete</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>System testing and bug fixing for functionality implemented</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Test cases are written and passing with expected results</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Regression tested where appropriate</span></li><li value="8" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Code complete</span></li><li value="9" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Code committed</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">10. Why it is recommended to use Scrum board during the daily meeting?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Scrum board is highly recommended in the daily scrum meeting.</p><p>It gives better visibility not only to the team but other stakeholders too. In case somebody missed the daily scrum, a meeting can quickly go through the scrum board and gather updates from there. It is recommended that scrum board not only has the data of the sprint progress but it should also have sprint burndown chart also so that the team will have updates on the health of the sprint. On top of the board, the Goal of the sprint should also be mentioned along with the Definition of Done list.</p><p><img alt="Scrum Board" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1523240795612-9a054b0db644?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">11. Why automation is recommended in Agile?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There have been continuous advancements in software development technologies. When talking about software development methods one can simply not ignore the role that testing plays in software development. Therefore, in order to maintain pace with the latest software development technologies testing needs to be done faster than development.</p><p>Imagine you are building a big Software-as-a-Service product like Salesforce. The product has 1,000 features, and you also have to release a new feature every other month to keep up with the competition. Now imagine that you have to test that product, check if new features have not affected old features and every feature is working fine. All 1000 of them. Now imagine that you have to test the whole software within a week.</p><p>Not possible, right? That’s what enterprise developers thought before automating the process of testing.</p><p>Sprint is generally for 2-3 weeks. In that case, to test the whole software is not easy so recommended way is to automation which drastically reduces the time of testing and every sprint delivers the best quality software.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">12. When Should You Apply Automation Testing in Agile Development?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">When the same test case is to be repeated;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">When the test cases are very tedious and cannot be performed manually;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If you have to run the test cases with different data and conditions several times;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">When the same test cases are to be executed with different user sets;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If saving time is on your top priority; or</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">When test cases need to be executed with various browsers and environments.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">13. Explain pair programming and its benefits?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Pair programming the term derived from Extreme Programming. Pair programming is a style of programming in which two programmers work side-by-side at one computer, sharing one screen, keyboard and mouse, continuously collaborating on the same design, algorithm, code or test.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>One programmer, termed as the driver, has control of the keyboard/mouse and actively implements the code or writes a test. The other programmer, termed as the navigator, continuously observes the work of the driver to identify defects and also thinks strategically about the direction of the work.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When necessary, the two programmers brainstorm on any challenging problem. The two programmers periodically switch roles and work together as equals to develop software.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Pair programming is much more effective as compared to code reviews. For code review, the code needs to be completed, but in programming in pairs leads to correct the code instantly without any waiting period. Pair programming is much more efficient as in code review it could be possible that the programmer might not be around. Fewer chances of bugs being corrected.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Benefits of Pair programming</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Fewer defects</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Better decisions</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Higher productivity</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Developers confidence</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Knowledge sharing</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Learning</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Team building</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">14. When does testing need to start in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"></p><div class="overflow-x-auto mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-6 max-w-full"><table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border"><colgroup><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Agile Testing</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Testing is not a separate phase and carried out as a part of iteration</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Testers and developers work together</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Testers are involved from the requirements phase so that they will be able to write the test plan and acceptance criteria. Also, Logical Acceptance test cases would be ready along with requirements</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Acceptance testing is done in each iteration and customer feedback is taken</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Every iteration completes its own testing thus allowing regression testing also in each iteration in case of release of new logic or functionality</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Continuous testing with test levels overlap</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The entire team is responsible for the testing activity</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Client involvement is needed throughout the phase</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Testing is iterative and sprints based as depicted in the diagram given below:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Behavior Driven Development" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1516321318423-f06f85e504b3?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">15. Why do we estimate in Story points and why we use Fibonacci series?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Story points are a relative measure of the size of a user story. A user story estimated as ten story points is twice as big, complex or risky as a story estimated as five story points.</p><p>A ten-story point is similarly half as big, complex or risky as a twenty-story point story. What matters are relative values assigned to different stories. Velocity is also calculated by summing the story point estimates for each completed story. Story points are purely an estimate of the size of the work to be performed. The duration of the project is not estimated as much as it is delivered by taking the total number of story points and dividing it by the velocity of the team.</p><p>The most common way of estimating a User Story is by using Fibonacci series as it forces them to provide a relative estimate. It is easier for anyone to answer “Is that 5 or 8” rather than 6 or 7?</p><p><img alt="Why Use Fibonacci Numbers" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1552664730-d307ca884978?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">16. How to do productive retrospection?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Retrospection- After the Sprint Review, the Development Team holds an internal meeting to review the Sprint and use it to improve the process (lessons learned) in the next Sprint.</p><p>Also, find out what's not working and use the time to find creative solutions and develop an action plan. Scrum Master facilitates this meeting. We generally use sticky notes in which each team member writes three things about sprint (which just got over.)</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What shall we continue?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What needs to be stopped?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What needs to be started?</li></ol><p>Then the Team looks for underlying causes and agrees on one improvement for the following sprint with acceptance tests built in, along with a commitment to review the results at the next Sprint Retrospective.</p><p>Over the course of time, some Scrum practices begin to slip, or the meeting has become perfunctory, not effective. &nbsp;Let’s look at how you got here through the frame of the usual suspects for an ineffective Retrospective.</p><p>The Usual Suspects are:</p><blockquote><p><strong>The whole team thinks it’s a waste of time.</strong></p></blockquote><p>If this is the case then ask the team why it is a waste of time? More likely the meeting is not managed effectively and the outcome of the meeting doesn’t lead to change in the action plan. Set the agenda of the meeting before it starts, and work towards it collectively.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Retrospectives aren’t valuable since we don’t have any impediments.</strong></p></blockquote><p>According to me, this is the biggest impediment like fear of conflict or lack of trust on team members.</p><blockquote><p><strong>&nbsp;The Retrospective is just too hard.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Some team impediments are big. &nbsp;Too big to solve in one meeting. &nbsp;It’s important to make meaningful progress and keep the momentum going each Sprint, and this is most easily done by breaking down issues into something that can be accomplished and has a clear definition of done.</p><blockquote><p><strong>We do it but it doesn’t have an impact.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Scrum is there to help the team to deliver the products at a faster rate with a steady increase in velocity but if the flat-lined means retrospections are not able to find the root cause of it.</p><p>If the above conversations are true then the corrective actions need to be taken.</p><p>Adopt a new practice to rejuvenate your Retrospectives. &nbsp;Sometimes it’s as easy as changing the way the question is asked and the Happiness Metric is a great way to do that. &nbsp;</p><p>The Happiness Metric is a simple tool used to focus your Retrospective and collect actionable information. &nbsp;It works like this:</p><p>Ask each Team member:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">On a scale of 1-5, how happy are you with your role in the company?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">On the same scale, how happy are you with the company?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What specifically increased your happiness last Sprint?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What specifically decreased your happiness last Sprint?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What would increase your happiness for the next Sprint?</li></ol><p>By focusing on your retrospective, you will increase velocity, finish early and accelerate faster. Try it, if it doesn’t work there will always be the next sprint.</p><p>Continuous improvement is what sustains and drives development within an agile team, and retrospectives are a key part of that.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">17. What is the role of the manager in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In the Scrum Guide the role of Functional manager is not specifically defined. As scrum focuses more on the self-organization more of Functional Manager involvement is not required if they do so, then the team is not following the correct way of Scrum.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Functional Managers usually retain the job of assigning individuals to projects. They will be expected to continue to make these decisions based on the competing needs and career aspirations of individuals, locations etc.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>In few organizations the role of a functional manager is accustomed to assigning roles to the individual which now after transition they will not be able to do that as an individual selection of work is a fundamental aspect of how the team self-organize and must be left with the team.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They should now start working in the bottom-up approach. The manager should say “Here is our purpose and direction-I will guide and coach.”</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They also retain the responsibility for developing the people in their groups. Securing the budget and time, encouraging them for innovations, challenging them, build the leader in them are all parts of the functional manager role.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They also retain the role of hiring and firing decisions which not even scrum master and product owner has this level of authority.</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Writing periodic reviews by taking the inputs from coworkers is also the prime responsibility of the functional manager and they will continue to retain them.</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They can also attend sprint reviews and even quarterly planning meetings.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">18. How long the Scrum cycle last? Who are involved in Scrum cycle?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>As per Scrum guide it is recommended to have the scrum cycle or iteration for 2 weeks.But there is no rule, this can be purely adjusted to 2-4 weeks as per the team and project requirements.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="scrum cycle" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1478104724775-8bd31ff3e44b?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>How to decide on iteration? —Check How to decide about the size of the iteration?</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The roles defined by Scrum are:</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Scrum Master-</strong></b><span>Servant leader between team and Product owner. Removes impediments for the team and always help them practice good agile practices.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Product Owner-</strong></b><span>Full control of the product. Key communicator between team and customer. Solves all queries regarding requirements and decide the prioritized backlog.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Development team-</strong></b><span>Team which works on requirements and built the potentially shippable product.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In addition to the above roles there are Product Management and stakeholders and customers are also involved during sprint reviews and providing feedback.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">19. Explain "scrum poker" or "planning poker technique?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><strong>Planning Poker:</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The below figure shows the poker cards available to estimate the user stories.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Before starting Planning Poker, select one story which is a reference story (from the current backlog or that we have done earlier)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">In this technique team, Scrum Master, Product Owner will sit around the table (Figure shown below) for the planning poker session.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Each team member will have a set of Planning Poker cards of values (0,.5,1,2,3,5,8,13,20,40 and 100) these represents story points in which team estimates.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">At the start of the session the product owner will read the user story aloud, describing all its features and requirements.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Then the team will estimate with the number mentioned on cards and show it to everyone. If all have given the same value then that will become the final estimate.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If the values are different then estimators giving highest and lowest values explain their opinions and why these chose this value, until final consensus is reached.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A good technique for small number of items in a small team</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Till the final consensus is reached team will have complete clarity on the user story.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If the estimator doesn’t have any idea or couldn’t estimate can show (?) also.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If the user story is estimated as above 20 considered as Epic which needs further break down into smaller user stories.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Story point estimated as 4 story points is of double the effort, time and complexity then the story with 2 story points.</li></ul><p><img alt="Planning Poker" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1581091226825-a6a2a5aee158?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">20. Explain what is a story point in the Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>A nice feature of story points is that each team defines them as they fit. One team decide them as an ideal day of work (i.e. a day without any interruptions whatsoever-no meetings, no email, no phone calls and so on.). Another team many define a story point as ideal week of work. Yet another team may define as a measure of complexity of the story. The most useful is estimating by complexity. For This we use one reference story and on the basis of that we estimate other user stories. Suppose if the user story is 5 points then and If any user story looks big or complex then reference story we estimate as 8 or more story points and if it looks less complex, we may estimate it as 3 or below story points.</p><blockquote><p><em>A Story Point is a relative unit of measure, decided upon and used by individual Scrum teams, to provide broad brush relative estimates of effort for completing requirements stated in User Stories</em>&nbsp;</p></blockquote><p>Story points further used to calculate the velocity of the sprint which is very helpful to predict the release dates.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">21. What is a sprint planning meeting?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Attendees</strong></b><span>: Development team, Scrum Master and Product Owner</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">When</strong></b><span>: At the beginning of the sprint.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Duration</strong></b><span>: Approx 4 hours for a 2-week iteration</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Purpose</strong></b><span>: Product owner comes with the prioritized backlog and then the Scrum Team plans the items they are going to deliver in the Sprint and the way they will deliver them, estimate them, break into tasks. The team can ask questions to the product owner about the user stories if they didn’t understand properly.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">22. What is a Sprint Retrospective meeting and who all should attend it?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>I feel there is always an opportunity to improve. A retrospective is an opportunity for the team to inspect and create a plan to be enacted from the next sprint.</p><p>Retrospection is held after sprint review and just before the new sprint starts.This is will be a 1-hour meeting for a 2 weeks sprint, will extend in case of 4 weeks sprint. Scrum Master is the facilitator of this meeting and he should make sure Product Owner and entire team should attend this meeting.</p><p>During the Retrospective team discusses about the 3 things:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What went well in the sprint?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What could be improved?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What we should stop doing?</li></ol><p>Scrum Master can ask everyone in the team to write at least 1 answer to each question an after that they can be discussed with the team. This is the opportunity for each team member to speak up and raise their voice against any decisions or issues.</p><p>Once we brainstormed the initial ideas, team will vote for any high priority item to be focussed on during the sprint.</p><p><img alt="A typical sprint retrospective model" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531538398863-7fc8db5d8f63?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">23. Describe the places where Scrum and Kanban are used?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p><strong>Situation</strong>: When there are a lot of issues (Maintenance project or Ticketing project) from the field and the current project is team is handling both the things (current project and field issues) which methodology best suits.?</p><p>So, in my opinion the answer will be Scrumban (Scrum+Kanban) approach. Because here requirements are changing so frequently which is hampering the current project and sprint.</p><p>Scrumban is specially designed for project that requires frequent maintenance, having unexpected user stories and programming errors. Using these approaches, the team’s workflow is guided in a way that allows minimum completion time for each user story or programming error.</p><p>As in this approach we will not take up new task until the high priority task has reached the deploy state.</p><p>Few tips for selecting the process are:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Integrate workflows with a task list for better transparency. -Kanban</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Scrum for continuously devotion to projects</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Visualization of workflow-Kanban</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Intense human collaboration and feedback-Scrum.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">24. Should Scrum Master remove impediments on behalf of the Scrum team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>During the daily Scrum meeting one question should be about impediments, if any team member has any impediments, they should bring it in front of team and team try to find out the solution. Most of the cases team will only figure out the solution but sometimes it is beyond the ability of the team then Scrum Master prime responsibility to listen, understand and remove the impediments.</p><p>Recurring impediments should be dealt in retrospectives where team brainstorm and try to find out the root cause of the problem and discuss about the solution.</p><p>Having no impediment is itself a big impediment.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">25. Define the roles in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Scrum defines only 3 roles-Scrum Master, Product owner and Development Team.</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Scrum Master:</strong></b></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Removes the obstacles/impediments that impact productivity.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Shields the people from external disturbance.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Responsible if the scrum process is correctly applied .</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Facilitate daily stand ups,other ceremonies ,schedule meetings,demo and other meetings</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Help product owner in prioritizing the backlog and any feedback from the team.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Product Owner:</strong></b></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Ensuring that the Team understands items in the Product Backlog to the level needed to start the sprint or the development process.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Responsible for prioritizing the backlog.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Collaboration with stakeholders and customers.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Develop Release plan and release dates.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Provides vision to the team.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Development Team:</strong></b></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The team is self-organizing and cross functional. The team consists of Developers, testers, Devops, Architects, Tech leads, Analysts, Designers etc. Scrum team works closely with each other to build the product incrementally, maximizing feedback opportunities, build with good quality. Incremental deliveries of a product ensure working product is always ready at each increment.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">26. What is Product Backlog &amp; Sprint Backlog?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Product Backlog:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>High level feature descriptions are gathers early but they are minimally described at that time and are progressively refined as the project progresses.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It is a list of all desired functionality not yet in the product.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It is maintained by the product owner and kept in priority order which is why it is also called as prioritized feature list.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Unlike the traditional requirements a product backlog is highly dynamic, items are added, removed and reprioritized each sprint as it progresses and team learn more about product, the users and so on.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Changes in business requirements, market conditions, or technology, cause changes in the Product Backlog, making it a live artifact.</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>High ordered items are clearer than low ordered items.</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>More precise estimates are made based on the greater clarity and increased detail.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Sprint Backlog:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Sprint Backlog consists of selected items from the product backlog which has complete details and clarity of requirements and on top priority.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Sprint Backlog is a forecast by the team that what all functionalities will be made available in the current sprint.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The team modifies the sprint backlog as the sprint progresses which helps in tracking the sprint. Modifications includes tasking out the user stories.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Whenever some task is completed it is moved to completed and when all the tasks related to one user story reached completion (Definition of Done) state then after sprint review this user story is moved to completion.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Sprint Backlog depicts the real time picture which team decided to accomplish in a sprint and it is completely owned by the team.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Product Backlog" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1550133730-695473e544be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">27. What is Scrumban and Kanban?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Scrumban means combination of Scrum and Kanban methodology.</p><p>Scrumban is specially designed for project that requires frequent maintenance, having unexpected user stories and programming errors. Using these approaches, the team’s workflow is guided in a way that allows minimum completion time for each user story or programming error.</p><p>As in this approach we will not take up new task until the high priority task has reached the deploy state.</p><p>The below board depicts the above situation.</p><p><img alt="What is Scrumban and Kanban" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1510511459019-1d227f4220b3?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>Let us compare Kanban and Scrum Approach.</p><div class="overflow-x-auto mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-6 max-w-full"><table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border"><thead><tr><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)">Scrum<br></th><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)">Kanban<br></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">More perspective<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Less<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Limit your (WIP) PER ITERATION<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Limit your WIP (PER WORKFLOW)<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Prescribe Roles like: Product owner, Scrum Master<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">No such prescribed roles.<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Scrum resists change within an iteration<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Free to add any task in “To do”<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Scrum board is reset after each iteration<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Not necessarily done as focus is on to finish one task completely and then remove.<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Scrum prescribes cross functional teams<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Team can set the ground rules as who can change/own the board, experiment and optimize<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Scrum backlog items must fit into a sprint<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">No such rule but Kanban focus on minimizing lead time and level the flow.<br></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">28. What is the importance of the daily stand up meeting in scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In SCRUM, the team meets daily preferably in the morning time when a day starts and this meeting is called daily scrum. This is strictly time-boxed to 15 minutes. This keeps the discussion brisk and relevant. All team members are required to attend the meeting.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scrum master is optional for the daily stand up.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This meeting should not be considered as a problem-solving meeting. Issues that are raised must be taken as offline right after scrum meetings with specific groups of people.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>During the daily scrum each team member should answer the following 3 questions:</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What did you do yesterday?</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What will you do today?</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Are there any impediments in your way?</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>By focusing on what each person accomplished yesterday and will accomplish today, the team gains an excellent understanding of what work has been done and what work remains. The daily scrum meeting is not a status update meeting in which a manager is collecting information about who is behind schedule. Rather, it is a meeting in which team members make commitments to each other. By this meeting, the team gets an idea about where the sprint is heading towards...Behind the schedule or ahead.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">29. Explain what velocity in Scrum is and how it is measured?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Velocity is a measure of work done by the team in a sprint. It is calculated at the end of the sprint by calculating total story points finished in that sprint.</p><p>For example –&nbsp;</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If the team finished 20 story points in a sprint then the velocity is 20.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It is a key feedback mechanism for the team. It is also a key metric in Scrum.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It is recommended that stories which are incomplete or unfinished the credit to the points should not be given.</li></ul><p>Velocity should be tracked throughout the sprint on the Sprint Burn Down chart and should be visible to all the team members. In case of the burn down is not proper Scrum Master and Product Owner can discuss with the team after daily stand up.</p><p>With velocity, the product owner can figure out how many sprints this product will the team takes to deliver the desired functionality and is ready to be shipped. Depending on the length of the sprint he can fix the release date of the product.</p><p>For an example, if the velocity of the team is 20 story points and total points estimated in the product backlog is 100 then the team is estimated to finish it in 5 iterations (2-week iteration then 10 weeks), in this way it helps in release planning.</p><p>It also facilitates how many stories can be finished in one sprint. Most of the sprint velocity keeps on oscillating but average velocity of past 3 sprints is a good measure.</p><p><img alt="velocity is the key metric in scrum" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1515378791009-187515dbb2f3?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">30. When do we use the Agile Scrum Methodology?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Below table clearly defines when to use Scrum.</span></p><div class="overflow-x-auto mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-6 max-w-full"><table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When to use SCRUM</span></p></th><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When to use Waterfall (Traditional Method)</span></p></th></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scope not clearly defined.</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scope is clearly defined upfront</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Requirements changes frequently</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Requirements are well defined</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Project is complex and unpredictable</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Project is simple and predictable</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Incremental results have value and can be used by users (Production)</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Product cannot be used unless it reached its milestone</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Customer Available</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Customer may or may not be there.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">31. How to decide the velocity of the first sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are three different ways of estimating velocity.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>First, we can have historical averages if we have them. But before using this average whether there have been significant changes in the team, the nature of the project, the technology, team, etc.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Second, we can run a few iterations until we finalize on stable velocity (Pilot project).</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Third, we can forecast velocity by breaking a few stories into tasks and seeing how much it will take to complete an iteration. This process is very similar to iteration planning.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>As this is the velocity of the first sprint so that will be rough estimate by the team based on the current knowledge on hand. They are just forecast not set in stone in any way.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Do not take this value as a commitment as this is just an estimate.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>After 3-4 sprints team is mature enough to decide on the story points needs to be taken into consideration for the sprint, so even if we go wrong in the first sprint, next 3-4 sprint will give us correct data on velocity.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>As shown in the figure below the average velocity is 30.5.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="average Velocity" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1535905557-58cb6c7a44aa?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">32. What is a release burndown chart?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Progress on Scrum project can be tracked by means of a Release burndown chart.</p><p>The vertical axis shows the number of story points remaining on the project. Iterations are shown across the horizontal axis. A release burndown chart shows the amount of work remaining at the start of each iteration. This becomes a powerful visual indicator of how quickly a team is moving toward its goal. In the below chart the work is expected to be completed in 7 iterations with 120 story points. First 3 iterations the schedule is behind maybe work has been added or re-estimating of few stories. Then the work is on track and after that, the team made good progress and completed the work.</p><p>The burndown chart is an essential part of any agile project and is a way for the team to clearly see what is happening and how progress is being made during each sprint.</p><p><img alt="Release Burndown chart" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1486312338219-ce68d2c6f44d?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>This Bar graph shown below is also commonly used to plan release planning.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">33. What should be the ideal length of a Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Sprint duration should be short enough in order to keep the team focused and also, to keep the business risk acceptable to the Product Owner. Ideally, the sprint length can be short enough to be able to synchronize the development work with other business events. The Scrum guide limits the Sprint length to 1 month but there is no official lower limit. So, 1 week can be often accepted as the shortest sprint duration. So, you can find the length that is best for your team in between 1 week - 1 month.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">34. Who must be present at the Daily Scrum meeting?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Daily Scrum is for the people transforming the Product Backlog items into an Increment. Only the people that are building the product should be present at the Daily Scrum. The Scrum Master enforces the rule that only Development Team members participate in the Daily Scrum to share information with each other that can help them to understand how to organize the work among the team members in a better way to meet the Sprint Goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">35. What happens during Sprint 0?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There is no such thing as Sprint 0. It is not a valid Sprint from Scrum timeboxed events. "Sprint 0" has become a phrase misused to describe the planning that occurs prior to the first sprint like refining product backlog, architecture envisioning, prioritizing and release planning etc. This term is confused with the term &nbsp;"Release 0". It is ideal to talk about Release 0 as opposed to Sprint 0.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">36. When does the Development Team participate in Product Backlog refinement?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The development team can participate in the product backlog refinement anytime during the sprint. Product Backlog refinement is a continuous process in which the development team and the product owner collaborate anytime needed during the Sprint on the details of Product Backlog items. PBR is required in each and every Sprint to refine items to be ready for future Sprints. The Scrum team decides when and how refinement is done.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">37. Who is responsible for refining Product Backlog items?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Development Team and the Product Owner are responsible for product backlog refinement. During a product backlog refinement meeting, the product owner and the development team communicate and decide the top items on the product backlog. The team can raise queries during the sprint planning session if they find any unresolved issue. The Product Owner and team can discuss with the Stakeholders to find out “what” they want and “why” they want. Once if they are clear with the user needs then they can go for the cross-checking with teams.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">38. Which two things does the Development Team do during the first Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Deliver an increment of releasable software, and develop and deliver at least one piece of functionality. The heart of Scrum is a Sprint, a time-box of one month or less during which a "Done", useable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created. This applies to every Sprint. The first Sprint conducted by the development team plays a key role in the Scrum. It also focuses on estimating the availability of the team, selecting the items from the product backlog, and final thoughts. During the first sprint, the development team delivers an increment of releasable software. They also Develop and deliver at least one piece of functionality.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">39. When does the next Sprint begin?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The next sprint begins immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint. A sprint begins with Sprint planning meeting and concludes with Sprint Retro. In general, planning for the subsequent Sprint starts after the conclusion of the previous sprint. So, typically the plan for the next Sprint is fixed by the time the previous sprint ends. The actions from the retrospective and demo will go in the product backlog and can be prioritized in a future sprint.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">40. Who should know the most about the progress toward a business objective or a release, and be able to explain the alternatives most clearly?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>This is the task of the Product Owner. The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog, which includes that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all, and shows what the Scrum Team will work on next. The responsibility of achieving maximum business value for the project lies primarily with the Product Owner. The PO is also responsible for maintaining business justification for the project and articulating customer requirements. A PO represents the voice of the customer.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">41. Who is responsible for managing the progress of work during a Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Development Team is responsible for managing the progress of work during a Sprint. The Development team is comprised of professionals who work in a Sprint and deliver a potentially releasable product at the end of each Sprint. These increments are created by only the members of the Development team. The Development Team uses the Daily Scrum to inspect a progress toward the Sprint Goal and to inspect how progress is trending towards completing the work in the Sprint Backlog.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">42. What are the three pillars of empirical process control?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Inspection, Transparency, Adaptation. Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory or empiricism. Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. The three pillars uphold every implementation of empirical process control are transparency, inspection, and adaptation.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">43. How would you describe the relationship between the Product Owner and the Stakeholders?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Product Owner actively asks for stakeholder’s input and expectations to process into the Product Backlog. The Product Owner represents the Stakeholders to the Scrum Team, which includes representing their desired requirements in the form of Product Backlog. The Product Owner has the final call over the Product Backlog.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">44. How do you best describe Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Scrum is a framework within which complex products in complex environments are developed. Scrum is not a process or a technique for building products; rather, it is a framework within which you can employ various processes and techniques. Scrum Framework is applied to the complex projects in complex environments. If a Scrum team adheres to the Scrum practices, it will help in developing the best quality product within a specified timeframe.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">45. What is the time-box for a Daily Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The length of a daily Scrum is fixed at 15 minutes for the development team to a create plan for the next 24 hours and synchronize activities, it does not change with the length of a Sprint. This optimizes team performance and collaboration by analyzing the work since the last Daily Scrum and predicting the forthcoming Sprint work. This Daily Scrum meeting is conducted at the same place and time each day to minimize complexity.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">46. What is the recommended size for a Development Team (within the Scrum Team)?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Ideally, it is 3-9. Scrum says team size of 6+ or -3 is the Scrum guide recommendation. Optimal Development Team size is small enough to remain nimble and large enough to complete significant work. Fewer than three Development Team members decrease interaction and results in smaller productivity gains. More than nine members simply require too much coordination.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">47. Which are the prominent roles in a Scrum Team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Development team, product owner, scrum master. The Scrum Team consists of a Product Owner, the Development Team, and a Scrum Master. As the Scrum teams are cross-functional, the development team includes designers, ops engineers, and testers in addition to developers. Each of the Scrum roles has defined a set of responsibilities and they can complete a project successfully only if they accomplish these responsibilities, closely work and interact together.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">48. What is the main responsibility of a Product Owner?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team. He/she is the voice of the customer. PO determines the scope of a product and release dates. The PO can attend all the meetings to keep track of the team’s progress. If there are any changes that need to be done, it will be implemented immediately. The product owner wishes that the team will be able to achieve its goal with the timetable.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">49. When is a Sprint over?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>When the timebox expires.The duration of a Sprint is fixed and cannot be shortened or lengthened. For example, if all the items of a Sprint are not done, the Sprint is still marked as over and the remaining items are moved to the product backlog from where it can be scheduled to any of the following sprint based on the revised priority. Similarly, if all the items of a Sprint are done before time, the dev team is free to pick top PBIs and start working on it.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">50. How would you best describe a Sprint Review?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It is when the Scrum Team and stakeholders inspect the outcome of a Sprint and figure out what to do next. Every event in Scrum, besides the Sprint which is a container for the other events, is an opportunity to Inspect and Adapt. A Sprint Review is conducted at the end of the Sprint to inspect the increment and adapt the product backlog if required. During this, the Scrum Team and Stakeholders collaborate about what was done in the Sprint and figure out any changes to be done to the product backlog during the Sprint to optimize value. Typically, this meeting is a form of the demo of the new features.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">51. How is the Product Backlog ordered?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Whatever is deemed most appropriate by the Product Owner.The Product Owner decides what makes the most sense to optimize the value of the work being done by the Development Team. The product backlog is ordered based on the value provided to the business. The value may be affected by various other factors like complexity, criticality, and risk but are not the direct basis for calculating the value. The item value being delivered is calculated by the product owner and he/she is responsible for ordering the product backlog.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">52. Why is the Daily Scrum held at the same time and same place?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Consistency reduces complexity. The purpose of the Daily Scrum meeting is to carry out communication between the team members. The Scrum meeting is timeboxed to 15 minutes irrespective of the team-size and is held at the same time and place each day to reduce complexity. Also, it is usually held in the morning time when maximum team members gather to plan work for the day.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">53. What is the most essential skill the Development Team should have?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The ability to turn the Product Backlog items it selects into an increment of potentially releasable product functionality. The Development Team consists of professionals who do the work of delivering a potentially releasable Increment of "Done" product at the end of each Sprint. The Development Teams are cross-functional teams, with all of the necessary skills as a team to create a product Increment.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">54. What does it mean to say that an event has a time-box?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It means the event can take no more than a maximum amount of time. Time-boxed events are events that have a maximum defined duration. For Example- Daily Scrum meeting is one of the timeboxed ceremonies in the Scrum. This event is timeboxed for 15 minutes (not more than that) and usually held at the same time and place each day. Also, it is usually held at the morning time when maximum team members gather to plan work for the whole day.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">55. Who has the final say on the order of the Product Backlog?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Product Owner. The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog. The PO prioritizes the product backlog during the Sprint Planning meeting for the team members. The PO keeps a vision of the product to build and convey that vision to the Scrum team. Also, the role of the PO is to motivate the team towards achieving a project goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">56. What is the time-box for the Sprint Planning meeting?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>8 hours for a monthly Sprint. For shorter Sprints, it is usually shorter. Each Sprint begins with the Sprint Planning meeting. Sprint Planning is time-boxed to a maximum of eight hours for a one-month Sprint. For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter. For example- for a two-week sprint, the Sprint Planning meeting can be of 4-hours.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">57. How often should the Development Team membership change?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>As needed, while taking into account a short-term reduction in Productivity. Teams typically go through some steps before achieving a state of increased performance. Changing membership typically reduces cohesion, affecting the performance and productivity in the short term.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">58. Does Scrum have a role called "project manager”?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. Scrum does not have a defined role called “project manager”. A Scrum Team has a Scrum Master, a Product Owner, and a Development Team. As a whole, they have all the controls needed. The project manager role doesn’t exist in a Scrum environment, but the core responsibilities of a project manager do exist like the responsibility of date, scope, budget etc. Many of the responsibilities of a traditional project manager are fulfilled by these roles. So, there is no specific role called project manager when using Scrum.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">59. What is the main purpose of a Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The primary purpose of a Sprint is to produce a done increment of working product. The heart of Scrum is a Sprint, a time-box of one month or less during which a "Done", usable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created. The more “Done” the increment is, the more useful the feedback that is gathered will be. If something is 99% done, and only 1% work is remaining - it is still NOT DONE, and it has to be added back to the product backlog and re-estimated during the next sprint.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">60. What is the maximum length of a Sprint Review?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>4 hours for a monthly Sprint. For shorter Sprints, it is usually shorter. Sprint Review is a four-hour time-boxed meeting for one-month Sprints. For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter.</p><p>Sprint Review is held at the end of each sprint. The scrum team shows what they achieved during the sprint in the retrospective meeting. Typically, the sprint review should not take more than one hour per week of sprint duration. It means a 30-day sprint would result in four-hour time-boxed sprint review. Similarly, two-hour review for two weeks sprint. Finally, the length of your sprint review depends on the length of your sprint.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">61. How would you best describe the relationship between the Product Owner and the Development Team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>They collaborate often so the Product Owner can make informed decisions in balancing effort and value of Product Backlog items. They also collaborate so the Development Team builds Increments keeping end-user and Stakeholder concerns in mind. The Product owner clearly expresses Product Backlog items, ensuring the Development Team understands items in the Product Backlog to the level needed for developing them and creating the value the Product Owner envisions. The scope may be re-negotiated if the effort grows much higher than anticipated.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">62. Why is the Product Owner also called the “value maximizer”?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product. The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog. The PO prioritizes the product backlog during the Sprint Planning meeting for the team members. The PO keeps a vision of the product to build and convey that vision to the Scrum team. Also, the role of the PO is to motivate the team towards achieving a project goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">63. What is the Product Owner accountable for in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Product Owner creates and sustains a product backlog that maximizes value and represents the needs of the stakeholders. The PO is also responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team. The primary tool to do so is the Product Backlog. The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog. The PO prioritizes the product backlog during the Sprint Planning meeting for the team members. The PO keeps a vision of the product to build and convey that vision to the Scrum team. Also, the role of the PO is to motivate the team towards achieving a project goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">64. How can a Product Owner use time-boxed Sprints to obtain feedback from users and the market?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Through the frequent delivery of Increments of the product into the market. The Product Owner manages Product Backlog against the assumption that value will be generated. This assumption remains invalidated when not checked against users and market. When a Sprint's horizon is too long, you increase the risk that what is being developed may no longer be desired. Sprints limit risk to one calendar month or less of work.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">65. To what extent does technical debt limit the value a Product Owner can get from a product?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Technical debt causes a greater percentage of the product's budget to be spent on maintenance of the product. The velocity at which new functionality can be created is reduced when you have technical debt.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">66. What two things should be done if the Product Owner is unavailable?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Within the Sprint, the Development Team makes the best decisions possible to assure progress toward the Sprint Goal, realigning with the Product Owner once he/she is available again. In a permanent state of unavailability, a new Product Owner needs to be appointed. Development efforts without a Product Owner are not employing Scrum.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">67. Should the first Sprint start before the Product Owner has a complete and exhaustive Product Backlog in place?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Yes, it can start. The first Sprint requires no more than a Product Owner, a team, and enough ideas to potentially complete a full Sprint. It is not mandatory that the Product Owner should be ready with the complete and exhaustive Product Backlog for starting a first Sprint.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">68. The Product Owner manages the Product Backlog. Who is accountable for estimating the effort to complete the Product Backlog items?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Development Team. As a collective, they have a complete view of the work needed to transform Product Backlog items into Increments of product. The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog. The PO prioritizes the product backlog during the Sprint Planning meeting for the team members. But, it is the Development Team who is responsible for all the estimates. The people who perform the tasks make the final estimate.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">69. When can the Product Backlog be updated?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>At any time when done by the Product Owner or at the Product Owner's discretion. The Product Backlog is dynamic; it constantly changes to identify what the product needs in order to be appropriate, competitive, and useful. Product Backlog items can be updated at any time by the Product Owner or at the Product Owner's discretion.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">70. Is it permissible to change the members of the Development Team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Yes. The Scrum guide recommends that the development team size should be between 3 and 9. We can change the team members as needed while taking into account the short-term reduction in productivity. If we add more team members according to the project requirements or if we subtract the team members, in the end, the Development team has to meet the Sprint goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">71. How much should the Development Team work on a specific Product Backlog item?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>As much as needs to be Done based on the definition of Done. The Sprint Backlog consists of a set of items that deliver the product increment. It is the Development team members that decide what functionality should be included in the next increment. The Scrum Team defines “Done” at the end of the project and would not consider that the end-product is completed unless it matches with the definition of “Done”.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">72. Should the Development team be cross-functional?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Yes. The Development Team should be cross-functional, capable of completing the Sprint Backlog items based on the definition of “Done”. Not every kind of delivery is acceptable in Scrum, it should be “potentially releasable Increments of the final product of the project”, to help the stakeholders to give feedback.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">73. Which of the events in Scrum are time-boxed?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There are five time-boxed events in Scrum: Sprint, Sprint Planning, Sprint Review, Sprint Retrospective, and Daily Scrum. The Scrum Backlog consists of a list of all the things that need to be done within the project. The Scrum Backlog is maintained all the way through the project.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">74. How long is a Sprint Retrospective in a one-month Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>3 hours. The duration of the Sprint Retrospective meeting varies depending on the sprint length. For a one-week sprint, the meeting should last about one hour; for a two-week sprint, two hours. Teams running four-week sprints should allow three hours for this meeting. Sprint Retrospective is a time-box of 3 hours for a one month Sprint. It’s usually shorter when the Sprints are set shorter.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">75. What are the main responsibilities of the Product Owner?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The main responsibility of the Product Owner is maximizing the value of the project by creating, clearing, and ordering the Product Backlog. The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog. The PO prioritizes the product backlog during the Sprint Planning meeting for the team members. The PO keeps a vision of the product to build and convey that vision to the Scrum team. Also, the role of the PO is to motivate the team towards achieving a project goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">76. Does a Product Owner have the authority to replace an item in the Sprint Backlog?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. The Sprint Backlog is the representation of the tasks that are drawn from the product backlog to achieve the Sprint goal by the development team. &nbsp;During the Sprint Planning, the development team sets an objective which is called as a Sprint goal. Only the development team can make changes to the Sprint Backlog as they own it. None changes can be made without the authorization of the development team members.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">77. Which Scrum event(s) is/are an opportunity to inspect and adapt?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Every event in Scrum, besides the Sprint which is a container for the other events, is an opportunity to inspect and adapt. Sometimes, Sprint is referred to as just a time frame. It is not an event like Scrum Planning, Scrum Review, Scrum Retrospective, and Daily Scrum.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">78. What is the Scrum Framework primarily founded on?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Empiricism. Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. Scrum employs an iterative, incremental approach to optimize predictability and control risk. Transparency, Inspection, and Adaptation are the three pillars that uphold every implementation of the empirical process control.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">79. After Sprint Review, what all does the Production release in Scrum require?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Scrum does not order when and how to release the product increment. The product owner decides whether to actually release the product or not once the increment is usable and meets the Scrum Team’s Definition of Done. Each increment should be released possibly with no work left undone. This implies that the product owner should be in a position to release a delivered increment instantly and with no further dependency on the development team.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">80. What does it mean when in Scrum we say “development team is cross-functional”?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It means that the team must have all the competencies to meet Sprint Goal as per definition of “Done”. Cross-functional teams can be inspected as a team of cross-functional members with domain and functional expertise. For instance, if one is declining a sprint cycle, then members with stronger skills in a cross-functional team can connect and work with other team members to finish the sprint on time. Cross-functional teams are more productive than teams with the same skilled individuals working on related projects.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">81. Is the value attached to the Product Backlog guaranteed to be realized?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The value of the product backlog lies in transparency that permits the team members to know what work needs to be done in order to produce a minimum viable product (MVP). Value is an estimated value based on assumptions. It has also to be validated by releasing the increment to the customers. Scrum facilitates early validation.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">82. Who finalizes the number of Product Backlog items that can be selected for a Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Scrum Team together negotiates and reaches an agreement. They may use Velocity as a standard to calculate how much work they can take. Product Owner optimizes the teams work by keeping the Product backlog ordered. Only, the Development team can finalize how many Product backlog Items it can complete in the Sprint. The decision of finalizing the number of product backlog items is made by the Scrum team together. They collaboratively negotiate and reaches an agreement.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">83. Who decides the Duration (length) of Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Scrum team. The scrum team which includes PO, Scrum Master, and the development team decides the sprint length. The team during retrospective will inspect and adapt on the sprint length and arrive at an agreement. The scrum master acts as a facilitator to help the team arrive at an agreement and he/she will come in only when the team is unable to decide and helps to set the sprint length. Once decided, the duration of sprint usually remains the same throughout the project.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">84. During daily scrum, which plan is used as a reference to understand the change in progress?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Sprint backlog.Team members are expected to update the sprint backlog at least once a day during the scrum sprint as new information is available. Most of the scrum teams will do this during the Daily Scrum. Scrum master estimates the amount of work remaining in the sprint each day and graphs the sprint burndown chart. The sprint backlog is a plan with ample detail that changes in development can be understood in the Daily Scrum.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">85. Does the senior management or organization influence how the product is evolved by the Product Owner in any way?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>They do not play an active role within Scrum, they influence it through other means. Product Owner makes a decision based on the inputs received.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">86. In the &nbsp;early days of Product development, how exactly does the Product backlog look like?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It only lays out the initial known and best understood requirements. The product backlog is a living artifact that evolves and constantly changes to identify what the product needs to be appropriate, useful and competitive. A well-prioritized product backlog not just makes iteration and release planning easier but also reports all the things that the team plans to spend time on, as it should be transparent for both the development team and the stakeholders.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">87. Is the discussion of what to do next also an additional activity as a part of the Sprint Review?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Yes, and it may capture probable backlog items for next Sprint, but the scope of next Sprint is deferred until Sprint Planning. In Scrum, each sprint delivers a potentially shippable product increment at the end of each Sprint. In Scrum, every Scrum event is an opportunity to Inspect and Adapt. In Sprint Review, inspecting the product Increment provides insight and clarity. This newly improved knowledge is used to adapt the next steps i.e. find out what to do next.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">88. What are the alternatives to Scrum and why should I know about them?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are many product development frameworks that embody the Agile Manifesto values and Principles from the more well known to specific, bespoke frameworks in a single organisation. The more well-known frameworks and what they contribute to the Agile movement overall are:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Agile Project Framework (APF) – The APF is a development of the world’s first published ‘Managed RAD’ framework, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_systems_development_method" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>DSDM</span></a><span>, from the Agile</span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold"> </strong></b><span>Business Consortium, formerly the DSDM Consortium.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="alternatives to Scrum" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1516321318423-f06f85e504b3?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The APF is the only Agile framework to include advice and processes specifically about product development governance; aspects such as Product Vision, Objectives, expected Benefits, Business Case, management structure and communication plans.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Other Agile frameworks do not go into these details because they believe that organisations already have governance processes in place; for those organisations that do, the processes are not usually suitable for use in an Agile environment.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Similarly, the APF includes the most information about the processes required to release increments of the product into the live environment.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>One of the APF phases, ‘Evolutionary Development’, can be replaced with other Agile frameworks such as Scrum, Kanban or Lean Software Development.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development)" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Kanban</span></a><span> – the Kanban framework evolved from the visual board that represents product development flow from the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Production_System" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Toyota Production System</span></a><span>; in Japanese the word is ‘kanban’ with a small ‘k’; the Kanban framework is usually spelt with a capital ’K’.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><a href="https://edu.kanban.university/users/david-anderson" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>David Anderson</span></a><span> developed the Kanban framework from the concept of a kanban adding required process management aspects.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The values that Kanban brings to the Agile community are:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It can be introduced simply into an existing process; the existing process changes from a continual series of ‘Inspect and Adapt’ sessions; there is no need for a large cultural change up-front.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It introduces the concept of the ‘kanban board’ that shows product development flow through the development stages; sometimes known as a ‘Story Board’, ‘Sprint Board’ or ‘Team Board’.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Story Board, Sprint Board, Team Board" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517245386807-bb43f82c33c4?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Introduces the concept of limiting the work in progress (WIP) for any column to keep the focus on a small subset of the required work and helping to identify development issues.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_programming" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>eXtreme Programming (XP)</span></a><span> – The XP framework development was led by </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Beck" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Kent Beck</span></a><span> during the </span><a href="https://www.martinfowler.com/bliki/C3.php" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Chrysler Comprehensive Compensation (C3)</span></a><span> project.</span><br><div class="next-image-styles my-4"><img alt="XP Flow chart" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1515169061895-37fbb16acd37?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></div></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>XP focusses on software development techniques and as such contributes the following to the Agile community:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/userstories.php" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>User Stories</span></a><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold"> – </strong></b><span>To avoid ‘Requirements Specifications’, early XP practitioners developed User Stories to define ‘requirements’ on 5x8 cards:</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard" style="text-align:center"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">“As a </strong></b><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">{role name}</strong></b></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard" style="text-align:center"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">I need to </strong></b><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">{name of business process}</strong></b></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard" style="text-align:center"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">So that </strong></b><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">{business reason for the business process need}</strong></b></i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">”</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/pair.php" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Pair Programming</span></a><span> – ‘No line of code is written without 2 people looking at it’.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This does not double the cost of software development because the reduction in rework needed when using pair programming more than compensates for the apparent extra cost.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/testfirst.php" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Test-Driven Development (TDD)</span></a><span> – ‘No line of code is written without a coded test being written for it first’.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>TDD is concerned with Unit Tests; other testing, such as system, integration and user testing is carried out much as the same as in any other framework.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Just as with Pair Programming, above, the quality increase of first-pass coding dramatically reduces any necessary rework.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/integrateoften.php" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Continuous Integration (CI)</span></a><span> – With CI a complete build of the parts of the product so far built is done often, sometimes as often as when the source code for each new piece of functionality is checked-in to the source code repository.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>CI allows for any integration errors being found as soon as practicable and they are fixed before further development continues.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/refactor.php" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Refactoring</span></a><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold"> – </strong></b><span>is a technique where the working source code for an object-oriented method/function is split into smaller, very focused and re-useable methods/functions.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Although there are significant costs to refactoring during the product development, the cost of the product maintenance is significantly reduced because the source code is easier to read.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are not many implementations of XP in the world but, as you are probably aware, the above techniques developed by XP practitioners are used by practitioners in many other Agile frameworks.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Lean Software Development (LSD)</span></a><span> – LSD takes the principles of Lean Manufacturing and applies them to software development.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The concepts embodied in the LSD Principles can be used to enhance Agile Values and Principles:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development#Eliminate_waste" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Eliminate waste</span></a></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development#Amplify_learning" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Amplify learning</span></a></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development#Decide_as_late_as_possible" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Decide as late as possible</span></a></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development#Deliver_as_fast_as_possible" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Deliver as fast as possible</span></a></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development#Empower_the_team" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Empower the team</span></a></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development#Build_integrity_in" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Build integrity in</span></a></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development#See_the_whole" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>See the whole</span></a></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">89. What is a Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Sprint is a time-boxed event that is for a fixed duration of time to allow the SCRUM team to focus on delivering value to the customer by solving important problems. During this time, Scrum team follows SCRUM values and Agile principles and makes sure the team continues to make sustainable progress over a period of time aligned with planned value. Sprint can be of any duration from 1 week to 6 weeks but the most ideal duration is 2 to 4 weeks.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Once a sprint duration is finalized, then it remains unchanged for the current release.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="What is a Sprint" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1544197150-b99a580bb7a8?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">90. What is a Sprint Review Meeting and who should attend this?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Mandatory Attendees</strong>: Development team, Scrum Master and Product Owner</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Optional Attendees:&nbsp;</strong>Project Stakeholders</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>When should review be done</strong>: The most common answer is to have review/demo at the end of the sprint. However, that works if the amount of user stories to be reviewed is small enough. For complex projects, where the stakes are high, it is recommended to have a regular cadence of review every week for the finished user stories. This reduces risk and allows the developer enough time to make corrections, if something is not found right in the review. For example, It is fine to have a regular cadence of doing technical reviews every Tuesday at 3 PM and Demo of finished stories every Thursday at 11 AM in the morning. If there is nothing to be reviewed or demoed then that meeting can be cancelled.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Duration</strong>: 45-60 minutes</li></ul><p><img alt="Sprint Review" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1523240795612-9a054b0db644?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">91. How do you cooperate with the Scrum Team, assuming you are a product owner?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Here you are considered as Product Owner. Product Owner should be easily approachable and most likely to be sitting at the same place where the team is located [collocation]. This will increase the collaboration between team and product owner and reduce a great amount of time in clearing team doubts about user stories.</p><p>He should be very transparent with respect to goals, aspirations and discussions.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Location:&nbsp;</strong>A Product Owner should meet the team very often and in a very respectful and transparent manner.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Issue discovery:&nbsp;</strong>When the &nbsp;team discovers any issue then they should immediately inform the Product Owner to take the necessary decisions. Therefore, a PO is an empowered person who can handle these situations diligently instead of cribbing or shouting on the team.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Requirement Change:&nbsp;</strong>In such cases, PO should transparently talk to the team to explain the business need of this change and how it will help the customer. Needless to say, this discussion will need to be backed up with a correct business justification, value generation, time estimates and see if it fits the current sprint or not.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Motivation with realistic asks:</strong> It is important to remember that commitment towards amount of work in a sprint is a Scrum team’s area of ownership. No one can force Scrum team to pick up more than they can deliver but a PO should try to motivate the team by showing them how they can improve their velocity or value generated. PO can also pitch in while prioritization discussions to help take up important asks first.&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Communicating Vision:</strong> PO should regularly communicate their vision of providing value to the customer and how the user stories will help achieve those to scrum team. It helps them get aligned with the vision and become part of your journey.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Meetings:&nbsp;</strong>PO should be part of sprint planning, backlog grooming, sprint review, sprint retrospective meetings for sure. Regarding Daily scrum, their presence is not mandatory because they can refer to the Information radiators to see if the value is being generated. &nbsp;If a PO wants to attend daily scrum meeting then they are welcome to do so but should be in a passive mode.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">92. During a sprint review, the development team demos new functionality you’ve never seen before. How do you react?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Ideally, this should not be the case because the Product Owner and Scrum Master always attend the daily scrum meetings and monitor the information radiators to check the health of the sprint. So the probability of something like this happening is low.</p><p>Still if it happens then it should be discussed, reviewed and taken up for discussion in sprint retrospective meetings to understand the root cause and fix for this.</p><p>In a short term, the entire Scrum team consisting of PO, Scrum master and development team will need to take a call on whether to keep the functionality as it is or discard it and come back to what was agreed at the beginning of the sprint.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">93. Where do you want the product to be, in a year? What's your part in helping the Scrum Team achieve that goal? What's your top concern that the product won't be where you want it to be?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>PO is responsible for making sure the releases and sprints align with the product roadmap and business case over a period of time. So as part of those responsibilities, the PO regularly:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Groom product backlog</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Communicates and clarifies the vision to the team</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Involving the right people</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Work closely with Team, Scrum Master, Stakeholder and marketing team.</li></ol><p>In order to make sure the product reaches the state where everyone wants it to be, the PO needs to be totally in sync with customer expectations, team progress, and roadmap.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">94. Would you be calm with letting the Dev Team(s) run the next two Sprints without talking to you (Product Owner)?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Agile clearly states that PO, Business, Stakeholders and development team should be in close coordination for the entire duration of the project, sprint, and release. So the scenario mentioned here is not possible and should be discouraged at all costs.</p><p>In exceptional cases, where PO is indisposed and is unavailable then Project manager, Scrum Master, team should come together to make sure the vision and roadmap is not disturbed and progress continues in the planned manner.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">95. What do you know about impediments in Scrum? Give some examples of impediments</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Impediments are obstacles or issues that comes in between the path of the scrum team due to which their speed slow down or they are not able to move forward with their work. Scrum Master should be primarily responsible for handling this situation. If something is trying to block the work of the Scrum team from moving the state from “In Progress” to “Done” state is an impediment.</p><p>Impediments may come in any form, few examples are:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Dependency issues with other teams.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Organizational and Business issues.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A team is not trained on the Scrum Process.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Technical Debt.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Unplanned work</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Lack of skill and knowledge.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Resource management.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Lack of management support.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">External issues- natural calamity etc.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">No clarity in requirements.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">96. What is the difference and similarity between Agile and Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This question is intended to check if you clearly know where each item lines up. Agile is a framework, a way of doing things. Whereas Scrum is a methodology i.e. a method to do Agile. Similarly, there are many more methodologies in the market, such as Lean, Kanban, Xtreme Programming, Crystal Clear.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">97. What are the roles and responsibilities of a Scrum Master?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The main qualities a Scrum master should possess are:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Responsible</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Humble</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Collaborative</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Committed</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Influential</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Knowledgeable</li></ol><p>The prime responsibilities of a Scrum Master are:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Removes the obstacles/impediments that affect productivity.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Shields the people from external disturbance.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Responsible if the scrum process is correctly applied.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Facilitate daily stand-ups, other ceremonies, schedule meetings, demo and other meetings.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Help product owner in prioritizing the backlog and any feedback from the team.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Facilitation of Retrospective meetings</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Workshops for planning, estimation, prioritization, issue resolution, performance improvements</li></ol><p><img alt="Roles and Responsibilities of a Scrum Master" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1614064000300-47b2c5dc44bd?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">98. What are the artifacts in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Artifacts are the documents that are used in Scrum. They not only document the progress made so far in the sprint but also serve as a guide for upcoming milestones.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Scrum Artifacts are:&nbsp;</strong>Product backlog, Scrum backlog, incremental product, definition of done, information radiators.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Product backlog&nbsp;</strong>is collection of all work items that need to get done over a period of time or before project closure. These are items that entered after discussion with customers and end users. Just because an item is in backlog, does not mean it will get done for sure. It has to be backed with good value and the right cost.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Sprint Backlog</strong> is the list of work items that are subset of product backlog and are taken up by Scrum team for a given sprint. This is a tentative commitment by team to deliver by end of sprint. Again, having an entry in sprint backlog does not guarantee its success or completion.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Incremental Product:</strong> The piece of working software that is delivered at the end of sprint and gets merged to the existing main product and hence, providing incremental value to the customer continuously is the incremental product. This is considered as artifact in Scrum</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">99. Is it ever suggested to use waterfall over Scrum? If yes, explain when.</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>This question is intended to check your grasp on the concepts of Agile and Waterfall.</p><p>Yes, there are scenarios where using Waterfall is more recommended over Scrum. The most common scenario is when the requirements, design, and timelines are well defined. Then you do not need any product discovery or iterations. You simply do waterfall in such cases and deliver the product.</p><p>Similarly, if you have been assigned a complex project of a large scale where nothing is known; not even the boundaries of the project then it is recommended to proceed with waterfall and as things become clearer along the way then you should implement Scrum for those small pieces. So in the end, you will have several scrum projects running under a waterfall program.</p><p>A sort of hybrid model.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">100. Have you ever performed the removal of impediments as a scrum master on behalf of Scrum team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Many times. Especially when the team is new and they are figuring their way out in the project. Share the experience where you have helped unblock your team but make sure your answer includes the following aspects:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How you found out about the issue or the roadblock. Most often, this gets noticed during daily scrum meetings and through information radiators.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Then elaborate on how you dug deeper to understand the root cause of the issue. So talk about techniques such as 5-Whys and Fishbone diagram</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Then talk about how you leveraged your soft skills and knowledge of Agile to connect with stakeholders to get things moving or getting the problem resolved. For example: you might have reached out to someone, or used your negotiation skills etc.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Then talk about the solution that you got</li></ul><p><strong>For example:</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>The team was consistently reporting since last 2 days that their test automation status was 50% and they were doing the investigation for failures. So on the 2nd day, I asked details about the failures and using the 5-why technique, I drilled down to the fact that it had to do something with the build that was released on day before yesterday. So I reached out to the build team and helped establish connect with my team. Using my negotiation skills, we leveraged the use of our automation to save their build time and in return, they would prioritize the fixes our team needs. So we were able to resolve the issue next day and going forward my team worked directly with the build team because I enabled them.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">101. Do you have a Scrum Master certification?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>If you have done any certifications then do list them out. <em>&lt;&lt;insert links for SureCertificate Trainings registration&gt;&gt;</em></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">102. How many Scrum teams have you managed at one time?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Important point to note here is that Scrum master does not manage the team [unless they are playing the role of manager also]. Scrum master most often leads the team. So you can clarify this point with the interviewer and then explain about your past experiences where you led more than 1 team.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">103. What is the Scrum process? How is Scrum different from Waterfall?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>SCRUM, one of the "Agile Methodologies", is a well-defined set of guidelines that govern the development process of a product, from its design stages to its completion.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Product owner first creates list of user stories along with acceptance criteria. This is akin to requirement description stage in Waterfall model. In Agile, this list is known as product backlog. So PO, does update the proposed value of the stories that will help us in right prioritization.</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>During sprint planning team pulls the necessary user stories from the sprint backlog, do estimation, and decide on how much work needs to be pulled.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The duration of the sprint is generally 2-3 weeks to complete its defined work for one sprint, but team meets daily (Daily Scrum) to assess its progress.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Along the way Scrum Master keeps them focused on a single goal.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>At the end of the sprint, the work should be in potentially shippable-all quality metrics completed and ready to hand it over to the customer.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The sprint ends with a sprint review and retrospection.</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>After this, the next cycle or sprint begins and the cycle continues till all of the requirements of the product backlog completed.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">104. How is scrum different from the Iterative model?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Scrum is an iterative model of product/project delivery. The only difference is that at the end of sprint, we also deliver an incremental product. Other than that there is no difference. You should note this question is to test your knowledge of concepts.</p><p><strong>For example:</strong></p><p><img alt="Example for lterative model." loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1555066931-4365d14bab8c?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">105. Which is better: Iterative model or incremental model?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It would be wrong to choose anyone of them. Because they together give the best value. Using iterative model, you can get feedback incorporated in your project delivery and hence, provide better value for money to the customer. Whereas incremental delivery allows you to ship consistently at a regular sustainable pace.</p><p>Choosing one at the cost of another is not a great idea. So Agile tries to merge both models into one.</p><p>However, still if the interviewer forces you to choose then say, if the requirements, timelines, designs are very well known and clearly articulated without any confusion then incremental is better. Because iterative model helps in product discovery in case of ambiguity.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">106. What do you think should be the ideal size of a Scrum team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The ideal size of the team is 5 to 9 as per the Scrum guide (excluding Scrum Master and PO). If Scrum Master is also a developer, include him on the team. Collaboration is difficult if the team size is more. A key benefit of five to nine-member team is that communication and management are typically simple and require minimal effort. If the team size is less than 5 than my opinion is that we will not be able to cover all the skill set which is required to fulfil the demand of the project magic figure of 5 to 9 came after long research by Mike Cohn and beautifully explained with “2 Pizza teams.” </span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Book -Succeeding with Agile</strong></b><span>.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">107. What is the "time Boxing" of a scrum process called?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Time boxing concept is aligned to make best use of time and remove unwanted distractions by making the team more focused. It is like packing a suitcase where you have fixed amount of space and you try to fit in as much as possible or required for your travel.</p><p>So in time boxing, the tasks are broken up in fixed sizes and team works on them. Since the time is fixed, so there is increased focus of the team to make the best use of time.</p><p>To get the best value from time boxing, try to have a reasonable time box window that is neither too harsh nor too lenient.</p><p><img alt="Time Boxing of a scrum process" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1581091226825-a6a2a5aee158?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">108. How are the requirements defined in a scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Requirements are expressed in the form of user stories in Agile. Every feature request is aligned in the form of 3-4 user stories that can be completed over a period of time. Each user story contains certain aspects of the functionality and hence, several requirements. Ideally, when 1 user story gets broken down further, it leads to 10-12 requirements or tasks.</p><p>Acceptance criteria of the user stories is a way of telling how the stories will be evaluated and certified upon completion. Complete collection of user stories is a product backlog that is continuously groomed and maintained by the Product owner.</p><p>Product backlog gets prioritized and estimated as per release plans and hence, requirements get managed in a more emphatic manner in Agile.· &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">109. So, in the scrum which entity is responsible for the deliverable? Scrum Master or Product owner?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Not any one individual is responsible for the deliverables. Deliverables cannot be achieved until and unless the whole teamwork collaborate. It is the entire Scrum team who owns deliverables.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">110. Do you see any disadvantage of using scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Like other methodologies Scrum is also not suited for all types of projects. It is with due diligence this needs to be decided on project and situation basis.</p><p>Scrum is less formal and more flexible, due to this nature larger organizations have difficulty in adopting it as they are rigid in their policies and processes.</p><p>The problem mainly arises when the team does not understand either value of the process of Scrum and also not flexible enough to adapt change in requirements. Also without proper guidance and monitoring, this can be used as an excuse for delivering poor quality work</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">111. Do you think scrum can be implemented in all the software development process?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No, it cannot be and should not be. A thorough and detailed review should be done to check suitability. Check this blog for more details:&nbsp;</p><p><a href="blog/agile/does-scrum-apply-to-all-types-of-projects" target="_blank">blog/agile/does-scrum-apply-to-all-types-of-projects</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">112. In case, the scrum master is not available, would you still conduct the daily stand up meeting?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>In case the scrum master is on planned vacations or out on some emergency, there is always a backup person who can pitch in. In their absence, the Scrum team is responsible to carry out the daily activities with full dedication and responsibilities. However, I have seen cases where another Scrum master have lend their time in the absence or PO or PM pitches in for some time.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">113. Apart from planning, review, and retrospective, do you know any other ceremony in the scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In total there are 4 ceremonies. Planning, daily scrum, reviewing and demo, retrospective. If you are asking about some activities that take place before the planning then backlog grooming is also one such activity but that is an on-going activity. And done by PO primarily.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">114. Why Backlog grooming is important?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>&nbsp;This is important because:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It increases the efficiency of the team by reducing uncertainty and unknowns from user stories.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It helps weed out redundant and not required anymore type of scenarios</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It helps adjust the estimates and priorities at the given point of time</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Sprint planning becomes a matter of few minutes if backlog is groomed properly.</li></ul><p><img alt="Ptoduct Backlog Refinement" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1518186285589-2f7649de83e0?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">115. Can you give an example of where scrum cannot be implemented? In that case, what do you suggest?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Scrum is not required where the goal and ask if the customer is small in scope and very straight forward. Similarly, if the scope of the project is huge and dependencies are not known and project is expected to run into years then the overall framework of the project should be traditional [waterfall] with small tracks in that project running in iterative mode.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">116. Tell me one big advantage of using scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Biggest advantage is the continuous value delivery to customer and hence, a clear message to the project team about whether they should continue in that path or not.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">117. What is MVP in the scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Minimum Viable product also known as Minimum Marketable feature is a criteria that helps the Scrum team know the bare minimum level they have to deliver before it will be accepted by the customer.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>So the PO clearly outlines the MVP or MMF list and tries to target them in the first sprint itself, so that basic customer expectations can be met from sprint 1.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">For example:</strong></b><span> consider a mobile phone company releasing the 1st version of their latest mobile phone that has all the features such as Artificial intelligence and wonderful aesthetics but is unable to make a phone call because that feature will be released later. Do you think you will buy that mobile phone?</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>No, right?</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>So for a mobile phone, ability to make a phone call is a MVP or MMF criteria.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>“</span><i><em class="CertTheme__textItalic">A learning vehicle” ~ Eric Ries</em></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Example fro Minimum Viable product" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517245386807-bb43f82c33c4?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The most commonly misunderstood term is MVP. Most people think it means the Product with minimum features and functionalities. But this is not true.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>MVP means “A minimum viable product is one that already has sufficient attributes to allow you to test its value proposition and business model for which you intend to create when marketing it”.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>MVP is the stage of development in which we sum up all the features, test it and deliver to the market to get the response from the market. So we are not investing too much money and effort, but just to get feedback from the customers so that we can inspect and adapt accordingly.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>As Ries explains in </span><i><em class="CertTheme__textItalic">Lean Startup</em></i><span>, “It is not necessarily the smallest product imaginable, though; it is simply the fastest way to get through the Build-Measure-Learn feedback loop with the minimum amount of effort … Its goal is to test fundamental business hypotheses.”</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Example-If we want to start a new Ethnic wear company, I could test my vision by making some sketches and stand in some malls or busy market place to get the feedback from customers. I can also put those images on the webpage and ask them to click if they like or any comments/feedback. Both the approaches will give me an idea of people mind about the wear which people has shown more interest. Accordingly, I can base (colour and design) my ethnic wear collection.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Read more in Product Discovery process in question Do you think Scrum adequately addresses the product discovery process.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">118. How do you influence and motivate your organization to use Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>With the help of statistics from the Chaos report of the Standish group, we can build upon the case that adopting Agile improves the success ratio of the projects. It helps timely delivery, cost control and building better products in a relevant amount of time.</p><p><img alt="Main benefits getting by using agile process" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1498050108023-c5249f4df085?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p><img alt="Usage of agile and waterfall" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1614064000300-47b2c5dc44bd?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">119. What would you do to make sure the Scrum process is being applied?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Scrum Master’s job is to make sure the scrum is being followed and applied in a correct way.Below are a few checkpoints where you can judge if the scrum process is correctly applied or not.</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is team self-organized?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Does the team understand the sprint goal and working towards it or they are working on individual goals?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Does the team collaborate more and share their feedback openly?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">In the retrospection, are you getting any inputs from the team on where they need to improve?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is the team transparent in nature?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is the team working on inspect and adapt the model?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is the team mature enough to handle if there is a sudden change in requirement from the customer side?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is Definition of done followed whenever the user story is ready for review?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do we have information radiators available for everyone to see and review?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Are there more face to face conversations or emails?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Does team work in a Silo?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Does the team work on an incremental and iterative model?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Does the team think themselves as a Scrum team member, a developer or a tester? If yes, then as a scrum master you need to improve on that mindset?</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">120. Please explain "Self-organizing" team concept in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Self-organizing is a very important concept in the Scrum framework. “The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams”, the Agile Manifesto states.</p><p>Self-organizing as the name suggests taking responsibility, showing ownership and having accountability. The team removes obstacles on its own without waiting for a manager or somebody else to come and tell them what to do. Teams choose the best way to do work (tools, technology etc.) and strive hard to accomplish their sprint goals rather than directed by managers from outside the team. They have the best skills, knowledge and abilities, which make them right and best, fit to take decisions on their own. Fail fast rather than at the end should be their working model. Experiment with approaches and learn from failures and continuously adjust and adapt. Sometimes self-organization is also called self-optimization.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">121. How does self-organizing team help?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>This helps by:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Facilitating learning and growth within the team as they solve new challenges</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Improving ownership of the product and hence the quality</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Faster and on time delivery</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Accountability and responsibility for tasks and features</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Problem solving mindset that comes with the attitude of can do.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">122. Shall the Scrum team become involved in the product discovery process?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The question about “shall the team get involved” does not arise in Agile and Scrum because entire Scrum team gets involved in the product discovery process.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">123. What is a spike in a sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>A spike is a duration of time included in the sprint planning to allow the team to explore new tasks, plan for next sprints, do research for new ways of solving a problem or even to collaborate to resolve blockers. The team can use this time to get trained on technical or softer aspects also. Having a spike in the schedule builds in the flexibility for the unknown issues that might crop up during the sprint execution.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">124. What is the importance of Sprint 0?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Sprint 0 is a concept that team needs some time to settle down before delivering actual value to the customer from sprint 1. But it has been misused a lot lately as an excuse to put everything in place then go for sprints. So essentially, the misuse is like doing waterfall in Agile projects.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The correct way of doing sprint 0 is when the requirements are very vague that no user story can be started off or the technology is completely new for the team or the project is so complex that there needs to be a dedicated time for product discovery. In such cases, sprint 0 should be allowed where team resolves these issues and is not bound to deliver any value.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">125. What are the characteristics of a good Scrum team? How do you as a Scrum Master facilitate that?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>A good scrum team is first of all, a self-organizing team and an empowered team. What does this mean?</p><p>This means, the team:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Takes responsibility to continue making progress in spite of all blockers</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is fully accountable for the deliverables given to the customer</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Tries to make sure they divide the work among themselves in a fair manner and they take up new tasks once they finish their tasks</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Respects each other qualities and abilities and complement each other by picking up skills as per their strong areas</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It is open while discussing issues and blockers and aims to solve problems rather than indulging in blame game or internal politics.</li></ul><p>A scrum master enables this behavior by being a great coach and always following in what they themselves preach. Scrum values of Courage, focus, commitment, openness and respect become part of life and actions at all times. Other ways, a scrum master can enable this in the team is by:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Understanding team development process [bruce tuckman model]</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Connecting with team member on their motivation level [maslow’s heirarchy of needs]</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Enabling system thinking in the team</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Usage of information radiators</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Workshops</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">And most importantly, leading by example.</li></ul><p><img alt="characteristics of a good Scrum team" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1666887360680-692ab8dcc6de?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">126. How do you measure the maturity of the Scrum process?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It is a tricky question. There is no specific answer to this question rather there are few questions that you should ask yourself to measure how mature your team is with respect to the Scrum process.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is your team self-organized?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is your customer satisfied with your deliveries?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How many field issues after installation of the software?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is the software delivered on time?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What kind of behavioural improvement is seen after applying scrum process?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Are people transparent and sharing their feedback openly?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Are people ready to take feedback from the customers and ready for any continuous improvement?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is the cycle time improving as you progress in scrum?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do you have a predictable delivery or velocity?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How did the scrum affect the speed of the delivery?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What kind of outcomes you are able to predict because of Scrum?</li></ul><p>It is not compulsory to measure each and every point but the interviewer is expecting you to give him a few examples to measure. The customer value and speed of delivery are the two pillars of maturity in your process.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">127. Is scrum fit for a small organization?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scrum is best suited for all organizations of any shape or size. Small organizations are most suited to take an advantage of the Agile methodology because they do not have inertia and long processes to hold them back or initiate a change. So small organizations can adopt Agile and Scrum faster.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">128. Explain How to create or review user stories in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>User story is a story about a user and their experience with a particular feature of the product. As a result, user story is a representation of a requirement in a story form as expected by the end customer.&nbsp;</p><p>In order to create a user story, the technique of “As a ___, I want___ so that I can ___.” Is best suited.</p><p>Because it covers the role of the user, actions they want to perform and what expectations they have with the results of those actions.</p><p>Once we have the user story available then INVEST Principle can be used to review it.</p><p>Example: As a user, I want to login to the screen so that I can book the tickets.</p><p>The test for determining whether or not a story is well understood and ready for the team to begin working on it is the INVEST acronym:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">I – Independent</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">N – Negotiable</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">V – Valuable</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">E – Estimable</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">S – Small</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">T – Testable</li></ul><p><img alt="create or review user stories in Scrum" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1544531586-fde5298cdd40?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">129. Mention what is the difference between Sprint and Iteration in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>The major difference between Sprint and iteration are:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Sprint is used for time boxed duration for project delivery in Scrum</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Iteration is a generic term that is used to define any iterative process to create the increment, get it reviewed, release it, take feedback and start the next iteration</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">When it comes to official terms, then xTreme programming calls them iterations and Scrum calls them sprints.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">130. Can you explain the concept of a potentially shippable product increment?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">Potentially shippable product increment refers to the piece of work completed at the end of the sprint, which meets the definition of done and is ready in a state to be shipped and usable by customers. PSPI or PI as it is popularly known is important to obtain customer feedback,&nbsp;maintain&nbsp;transparency and continuous improvement, and manage potential risks by incorporating changes as early as possible in the cycle.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}"></span><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">131. What are story points, and how are they used?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">Story points are a measure of work used in scrum to estimate the effort required to complete a work item. Agile teams recommend the usage of story points over man hours or time as they are multi-dimensional, non-linear and include parameters such as the complexity, risk, and effort required to complete the work item and are also used in relative estimations such as T-shirt sizing. Story points help track work taken, work accomplished, what is left and also roadmap/release planning for any agile team.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">132. How do you handle a situation where team members are not meeting performance expectations?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">Situations where team members are not meeting performance expectations must be dealt with conscientiously by understanding the scenario, active listening of the team members account, sharing constructive feedback and a time-based development plan to keep team members focused, engaged and accountable. It is important for the scrum master to be empathetic, employ emotional intelligence, derive&nbsp;data&nbsp;and focus on the situation over individual behavior to isolate the problem and act on resolving the challenge. This kind of a situation is clearly a litmus test for any scrum master to&nbsp;exhibit&nbsp;their interpersonal skills, servant leadership and build trust and confidence in the team.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}"></span><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">133. What is scrumbutt?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Scrumbutt is a term that represents a tricky situation for any agile or scrum team where the effectiveness of the scrum framework gets diluted or sprint gets canceled or chaotic due to unforeseen factors, changes, or progress disruptions. It represents a situation where the team gets deviated from scrum practices resulting in a scenario where the team uses scrum but - hence the name as Scrumbutt. Anti-patterns such as lack of PO support, not having daily stand up meetings, unclear definition of done, overloaded teams, and lack of retrospectives can commonly result in a scrumbutt situation for an agile team. </p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">134. Can you explain what a Sprint Goal is?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>A sprint goal is the concise, focused, goal or objective committed by the scrum team members to be met by executing the work items defined for the sprint. In short, it is the outcome of the sprint which the scrum team members have agreed and accepted on. Having a sprint goal for any team is mandatory as it helps create alignment, drive decision-making, maintain stakeholder confidence, and help the team focus when the sprint goes into execution. It also becomes a yardstick for validating the sprint definition of done and ensuring that the team creates the product backlog increment as promised to the product owner/stakeholders.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="relative"><div class="mt-spacing20 z-10 relative text-center flex justify-center mt-0"><button class="flex items-center gap-x-spacing8 py-spacing4"><span class="text-sm underline font-semibold text-mono-black">View all questions</span><i class="icon-chevron-down-double text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-800"></i></button></div><div class="absolute bottom-0 block h-32 w-full bg-gradient-to-t from-subdued/100 from-30% md:from-40%"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hidden"><div><div class="text-xl text-neutral-800 mb-spacing20 font-bold">Advanced</div><div class="relative w-full"><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-primary-main outline-2 shadow-card hover:shadow-card visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-t-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden">1. What are "Coaching Techniques and how do they impact any coaching situation?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-0 text-neutral-800"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>&nbsp; There are many lists of coaching techniques; the following is fairly a fairly comprehensive list but exhaustive:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The 5-minute pre-session Check-In</strong> – Let your clients complete a short questionnaire before each coaching session. This helps both you and your clients to recognize their progress and success since the last session. &nbsp;You’ll find out if there were roadblocks and what they’ve been struggling with. It shows you what bothers them most at the moment and what they want to focus on during their next session.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Use the SMART goal setting technique in your coaching</strong> – SMART goal setting stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-Based.</li></ul><p>This technique brings a clear structure into goals. &nbsp;Each goal or milestone comes with clear and verifiable elements instead of vague resolutions. &nbsp;The broad goal of “I want to grow my business” will be described in much more detailed and action-oriented steps by the client. The SMART goal could be: “I will win five new clients for my business this month by asking for referrals, creating two useful blog articles and social media networking”.&nbsp;</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Let clients write down and share the gold nuggets after each session –&nbsp;</strong>Encourage your clients to share their gold nuggets from each session with you; it leaves them with a clear picture of how much value they received from your coaching.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>It’s easy to help them get going with just a few simple questions like: “What was the most valuable takeaway from this session?”. This coaching technique helps you to find out the client’s “A-ha” moments and to avoid misunderstandings.&nbsp;</p><p>If all these notes are organized in a shared stream that is accessible to both you and the client you can reread and recap these nuggets any time at later stages during the process.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Ask open-ended questions</strong> – Open-ended questions allow your clients to include more information, including feelings, attitudes, and understanding of the subject. This allows the coach to better access the clients’ true thoughts and feelings on the topic.&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Use the power of writing&nbsp;</strong>– Writing down plans and goals is the first step towards making them a reality. It commits your clients to act, especially when they are shared and recorded with someone else (like with you – their coach).&nbsp;</li></ul><p>Writing enhances your client’s power of observation and focuses during a change or development process.&nbsp;</p><p>A study with two groups has shown that people who write down goals and make a weekly progress report achieved their goals at a rate of 76%, whereas the participants of the group who didn’t write anything down achieved their goals at a rate of only 36%.&nbsp;</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Be fully present and focused</strong> – Take two minutes for yourself and breathe calmly before each session. &nbsp;Once your meeting has started, try to avoid distractions and give your clients undivided attention. Show your genuine interest and that you really care. This may sound self-evident but is an important step toward building trust and a meaningful coaching relationship.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Follow-Up with the client</strong> – Use regular questionnaires where clients share their progress, experiences, success or challenges they might be facing.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>This ongoing feedback as a follow-up between sessions is a perfect way to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the coaching. It shows your clients that you really care about their progress and gives them the feeling they’re not alone with their challenges.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The coaching journal of progress</strong> – A regular progress and reflection journal helps your clients to develop and gain self-awareness.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>A coaching journal is similar to the ongoing feedback described before. Your clients can write down their emotions, experiences, observations, challenges, success, thoughts, and feelings. They don’t have to wait until the next sessions which might be in a week or two but can share what’s on their mind right at the moment where it happens.</p><p>A shared journal gives your clients the feeling that you’re always there for them and “listening” without the need for your presence. They can write whenever they feel like it; at night, in the morning, during the day, at the train station on the way to their workplace or while waiting for the doctor.</p><p>A coaching journal gives them the ability to focus on themselves only without any time pressure or distractions. Once written down they can always reread and recap prior entries at a later stage of their process. Once these thoughts are shared with you you’ll gain invaluable information that will take your coaching and mentoring to the next level.&nbsp;</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Homework assignment to strengthen accountability</strong> – No matter if you call it homework, worksheet, questionnaire or action item. They all support the work you’ve been doing within a coaching session. They help clients to reflect, act and achieve necessary milestones towards their bigger goal.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>Homework helps to see if and how the plans from each session are being applied; it helps clients to keep the focus on their plans, ideas, and goals.</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The GROW model</strong> – The&nbsp;<a href="https://clevermemo.com/blog/en/grow-coaching-model/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">GROW model</a> is a simple method for goal setting and problem-solving in coaching. It includes 4 stages:</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>G for Goal</strong>: The goal is what the client wants to accomplish. It should be defined as clearly as possible. You could combine it with the SMART method described earlier</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>R for Reality</strong>: That is the status quo, where our client is right now. &nbsp;The client describes his/her current situation and how far she is away from her goal</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>O for Obstacles and Options</strong>: What are the obstacles (roadblocks) that keep your client from achieving the goal? Once these obstacles are identified you can find ways to overcome them – the options.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>W for Way forward</strong>: Once identified the options need to be converted into action steps that will take your client to accomplish his/her goal.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>A Shared To-Do list</strong> – The client commits to various action steps and plans during the coaching sessions. &nbsp;Once they write down and share these ‘to-dos’ with you they actually put them into existence; they become like a contract between you and the client and strengthens their accountability.&nbsp;</li></ol><p>Another benefit is that both of you know what is getting done and what isn’t at any moment during the process. You immediately see where they procrastinate or struggle and when your support is needed. &nbsp;The shared to-do list helps to set priorities, achieve milestones faster and keep track of the small wins during a coaching process.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>“My goal is achieved”</strong> – It is a great thought experiment if you ask your client to exactly describe a perfect day once the desired goal is achieved.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>It shouldn’t be just a vague description but a whole day from start to finish:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How would he/she feel after waking up?&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">What would he/she do?&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How would he/she feel?&nbsp;</li></ul><p>This technique will encourage the client to use his/her positive imagination and visualize what he/she truly desires.&nbsp;</p><p>Afterward, you can work together to get the actual steps to that “miracle” where the goal is achieved.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Use every session to become a better coach</strong> – Every single session offers you the chance to become a better coach. &nbsp;Take five minutes immediately after your client left and write down some thoughts; you can:</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Track reactions to questions of a client</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Think about methods and techniques you used in the session and how &nbsp;they worked</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reflect upon the overall success of the session</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Think about something you would do differently if you could “replay” the session?</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">2. What are the recommended ways to handle change in requirements during the middle of the sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>This is a very common scenario seen in the projects which are using Scrum Approach. The team should always be prepared for that. But try to have a good conversation with the Product owner to not include in the current sprint and deferred to the next sprint. Changes in requirements sometimes taken as feedback from the customer so that the product can be improved. We should be ready to embrace this change.</p><p>As a tester, they should take the generic approach by writing the generic test cases (Login screen, user credentials). Till the requirements are stable, try to wait if you are planning to automate the test cases.</p><p>As a developer, the same approach can be used where chances of changes are minimal. Try to code using design patterns and oops concepts (Components or package independent of each other), so that change in one component makes minimal changes in another.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">3. How to decide the size of the iteration?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The selection of the iteration length should be guided by the following factors:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The length of the release being worked on</strong>.</li></ul><p>It means that if the team is working towards a release which is three months away, one-month iteration will give only 2 opportunities to gather feedback which in most cases insufficient.</p><p>The general rule of thumb is that any project will benefit from at least 4-5 opportunities to get feedback. So, if a project overall duration is 5 months above then it is worth to consider 4-week iteration. Otherwise, 2-3 weeks iteration is a good choice.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The amount of uncertainty.</strong></li></ul><p>When there is a great amount of uncertainty about the work to be done then short iterations will allow to get more frequent feedback and built the correct product.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The ease of getting feedback.</strong></li></ul><p>Choose an iteration to maximize the value of feedback that can be received from inside and outside the organization.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>How long priorities can remain unchanged.</strong></li></ul><p>If there are chances of change in priorities then it better to go for short iterations. If we are going with long iterations and there is some change in requirement then we need to wait for 4 weeks to implement them.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The overhead of iterating.</strong></li></ul><p>There is a cost associated with each iteration as each iteration should be fully regression tested. If this is costly, then the team may prefer 4-week duration</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>How soon a feeling of urgency is established.</strong></li></ul><p>As long as the end date of a project is far in the future, we don’t feel pressure and work leisurely. The point is not to put the team under more pressure. Rather, it is to take the total amount of stress they normally feel and distribute it evenly across a suitable long iteration.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">4. What are the challenges involved during a project Development in Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are still a few challenges which the Scrum team face during the development phase.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Non-availability of Product Owner at the site.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>During the development, some field issues or high priority bugs come up.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Difficult to change the mindset of management from the traditional model to Agile.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Some development efforts don’t easily fit into a time-boxed sprint. Therefore, Scrum doesn’t work for me. This is a real problem. Several kinds of development resist being meaningfully squeezed into standard size sprints. Here’s a partial list:</span></li></ul><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>New system architecture</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>New complex user interface design</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Database ETL requiring extract, cleanse, transform, stage, and present data</span></li></ul><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Developers accustomed to working autonomously may find that Scrum is unnecessary and slows them down.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Distributed team-Communication is the core issue among distributed teams. Different time zones and conflicting working hours may impair overall effectiveness, and collaboration may be difficult in some cases.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Though there are so many challenges, there are ways to handle each and every situation and deliver a quality product with customer satisfaction.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">5. Can there be multiple teams for the same project? How to manage it?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Yes definitely there can be multiple teams for the same project. For example, the UI team, Service layer team, etc. The team can be feature teams or component teams and can be geographically distributed.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scrum Master role is very challenging in this type of multi-team handling collaboration and coordination. The reason is the time gap between two different teams which makes it even more challenging.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>But there are many ways by which it can be handled. There are 2 suggested frameworks available</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">LeSS-Large Scale Scrum</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The idea is to manage the complexity of large-scale development with ease.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It recommends multiple teams with the same product owner with multiple sprint backlogs but with one product backlog.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Process-wise LeSS is same as that of scrum but with slight modification. Sprint planning is split into two parts. One planning consists of representatives from all the teams where the team decides about “WHAT” the Product Backlog items to be built in the next sprint. The second planning meeting will be done by the individual team about how the PBI needs to be built.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The end of the sprint should also be synchronized. The sprint review meeting should be held in common with all the business leaders and team and the stakeholders.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Similarly, retrospection can be a help in 2 parts. One which is common to all the whole project team and one with the individual team so that the focus can be on individual team issues and work towards them to resolve them.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">SaFe- Scaled Agile framework.</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Refer to interview questions Article? Question 17.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When to use which framework?</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>When you need to coordinate with hundreds or thousands of people in a big organization. SaFe is the recommended framework.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>When the transition from the Component level team to feature level team is difficult.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>SaFe makes it easy even to handle the component level team through RTE and Program Board.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">How to coordinate?</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Scrum of Scrums</strong></b><span>: This is one of the meetings which happens daily with all the scrum masters and chief Product Owner can facilitate it. It is the same as that of daily scrum but the focus is on a team level.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Each team sends out one member to participate and answer the following questions:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What did the team finish/achieved?</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What does the team plan to finish today?</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Are there any impediments? If yes how we can resolve them.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Common Retrospectives.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Common Sprint Planning</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Common sprint reviews</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Sprint Scheduling-</strong></b><span>All the teams can start and ends at the same time. But there can be a difference in that also. It makes our coordination and communication easy</span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">. </strong></b><span>They can also have 1-2 days gap in starting the next sprint which is good for product owner not to attend all the meetings</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Sprint Scheduling" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1552664730-d307ca884978?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Effort Estimations: </strong></b><span>A very important aspect of Scrum Planning. In the case of the same technique of effort, estimation should be used like Planning poker, shirt size estimation, etc. If story points are used all teams have to agree on the same metric and a common scale to use.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Effort Estimations" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1510511459019-1d227f4220b3?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">6. What are the different stages of a team will go through the group development?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Every team will go through 4 stages of group development which is Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Forming</strong>- Most team members are new, polite and humble in this stage also the roles and responsibilities are not clear to the team.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Storming</strong>- This is a situation where there is a clash between a few team members due to their roles and responsibilities, their work or some other issues. Retrospection there will be a huge qiosk. Everybody has their own working style due to which there will be a conflict between many team members due to different sorts of reasons. This is where the team fails.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Norming</strong>- In this phase of development people start resolving their issues, differences and start appreciating their colleagues for the work. This is a very good stage as the team is moving towards the goal of self-organization.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Performing</strong>- In this phase, the development team has one sprint goal and they all work towards it, this is where hard work pays and the project is released with the best quality. It is easy to be part of such a team where any disruption will not alter their sprint goal.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The same is depicted in the figure below.</li></ul><p><img alt="Performing" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1666887360680-692ab8dcc6de?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">7. What is refactoring?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><blockquote class="CertTheme__quote" dir="ltr"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Ron Jeffries says: In Agile, the design must simply start simple and grow up. The way to do this is refactoring.</span></p></blockquote><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Refactoring refers to changing the structure but not the behavior of the code. For Example: Suppose in the code base we have two methods and each has 3 identical statements. These statements can be extracted from this code and put it into some new method and both these methods can call the new method. This refactoring slightly improves the readability and maintainability of the program as the duplicated code is moved to a new place. There are so many tools available with which you can run in your code base and it will help you in finding out the duplicity of code. In this way, the structure of the code is changed but not the behavior.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Refactoring is not only crucial to TDD but it also helps prevent code rot. Code rot is the typical syndrome in which a product is released its code is allowed to decay after a few years then an entire rewrite is required. By constantly refactoring and fixing small problems before they become big problems, we can keep our applications rot free.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When a refactoring opportunity is identified have a conversation with product owners and scrum master and get that added as part of a product backlog. At the end of 2-3-hour long programming session spend at least 20-30 minutes in cleaning up something you noticed as you were touching or looking at existing code.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Always discuss refactoring in your next retrospection inkling your product owner.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>My suggestion is to include them as part of your sprint planning and all team members should collectively work on that.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">8. What is the scrum of scrums?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This is one of the meetings which happens daily with all the scrum masters and chief Product Owner can facilitate it. It is the same as that of a daily scrum but the focus is on a team level.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Each team sends out one member to participate and answer the following questions:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What did the team finish/achieved?</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What does the team plan to finish today?</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Are there any impediments? If yes how we can resolve them.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="What is the scrum of scrums" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1501504905252-473c47e087f8?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">9. What are the sprint burndown and burnup charts?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>These charts help to keep track of the progress of the sprint. Burn up charts indicates the amount of work completed in the sprint and the burndown chart indicates the amount of work remaining in the sprint</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Product Owner determines the amount of remaining work and compares it to the remaining work of the previous Sprints and forecasts the completion date of the project.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In the Burn-Down chart, the vertical axis (remaining work) shows the amount of work (which is a sum of all the estimates for each item in the Product Backlog), and the horizontal axis shows the amount of time passed from the beginning of the project or the number of Sprints passed.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>We usually add another line to present the uniform distribution of the volume of the work across the initially estimated number of sprints. This line acts as our planned progress and will be used to compare to our actual values.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="burn down chart" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1478104724775-8bd31ff3e44b?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Burn Down Chart" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522202176988-66273c2fd55f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In the above chart, we can expect the project to be completed earlier than initially planned.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In the Burn-Up chart, the vertical axis is the amount of work and is measured in units or story points, and the horizontal axis is time, usually measured in days.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Each day you can see the amount of work completed and the total amount of work. The distance between the two lines is thus the amount of work remaining. When the two lines meet, the project will be complete. This is a powerful measure of how close you are to completion of the project.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Burn up" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531482615713-2afd69097998?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">10. How to split a user story?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Bill Wake has given us the mnemonic INVEST which help us in writing a well-formed User Story.</p><p><img alt="How to split a user story" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1478104724775-8bd31ff3e44b?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>Splitting a story is not an easy task.</p><p>Let us first discuss different techniques on how to split a user story.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Split by user roles</strong>-Administrators interact with the system in a different way than users. It a very good way of splitting the user stories by user roles.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Split by capabilities offered</strong>.-Capabilities example like sorting and searching. Further sorting and searching may further split into different user stories.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Split by user personas</strong> -Even in the same role, users interact with the system in various different ways. A handicapped person interacts in a different way, a casual user in a different way as he needs intuitive things, a power user needs lots of short cuts, etc.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Split by target device</strong>- User can interact with our system not only using a standard computer but also using mobile, ipad etc.So this is also a good way of splitting a user story.</li></ul><p>For detailed information check my blog below. <a href="blog/agile/how-to-write-a-well-formed-user-story" target="_blank"></a></p><p><a href="blog/agile/how-to-write-a-well-formed-user-story" target="_blank">How to Write A Well-Formed User Story</a>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">11. The definition of "Done" describes the work that must be completed for every Product Backlog item before it can be deemed releasable. What should the Development Team do when, during the Sprint, it finds out that a problem outside of their control blocks them from doing all this work?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Ideally, the team should immediately raise the issue to the Scrum Master as an impediment. Scrum Master is responsible to take care of these kinds of problems, or impediments that stop the dev team from achieving the Sprint Goal and facilitate a team’s optimum performance. But, it is the responsibility of the team to communicate with the Scrum Master about what impediments are obstructing them. This communication occurs every day in the daily Scrum and the main purpose of it is to raise any impediments and refine the plan to meet the Sprint Goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">12. When might a Sprint be abnormally terminated?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>This typically happens when the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. A Sprint can be cancelled before the Sprint time-box is over. A Sprint would be cancelled if the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. This might occur if the company changes direction or if market or technology conditions change. The abnormal termination might also occur if the team gets into the Sprint partway and finds that the work is going to consume too much time than expected in sprint planning.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">13. When multiple teams work together on the same product, should each team maintains a separate Product Backlog?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. One product has one Product Backlog, regardless of how many teams are working on that project. It is easy for the Development teams to coordinate with other teams if one product backlog is followed throughout the project.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">14. When do Development Team members become the exclusive owners of a Sprint Backlog item?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Never. All Sprint Backlog Items are "owned" by the entire Development Team, even though each one may be done by an individual development team member. Sprint Backlog and all of its items are collectively owned by the Development Team. No individual team member can claim ownership over an item as this would block communication and collaboration among the team members.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">15. An organization has decided to adopt Scrum, but management wants to change the terminology to fit with terminology already used. What will likely happen if this is done?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Without a new vocabulary as a reminder for the change, very little change may actually happen. Also, the organization may not understand what has changed with Scrum and the benefits of Scrum may be lost.<br><br>Scrum adoption is good, but this massive shift needs complete dedication. The organizations that are implementing the Scrum practices every day can be successful in Scrum adoption. If Scrum is implemented with all the team members on a daily basis can increase the collaboration and a quick product delivery. So, it is recommended to implement only Scrum methodology without clubbing any other methodology as it can be applied to any complex project and will meet the project deadlines within a timeline, making the customer happy!</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">16. The Development Team should not be interrupted during the Sprint. The Sprint Goal should remain intact. These are the conditions that foster creativity, quality, and productivity. Based on this, can you say for certain that the Sprint Backlog does not change during the Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It can change. The Sprint Backlog makes visible all of the work that the Development Team identifies as necessary to meet the Sprint Goal. The Development Team modifies the Sprint Backlog throughout the Sprint, and the Sprint Backlog emerges during the Sprint. If the work appears to be different than expected, the dev team collaborate with the PO to negotiate the scope of the Sprint Backlog within the Sprint and adds more PBIs related to the current Sprint if necessary.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">17. When many Development Teams are working on a single product, what best describes the definition of "done?"</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>All Development Teams must have a definition of "done" that makes their combined work potentially releasable. Each Scrum team consists of its own ‘Definition of Done’. Definition of Done defines the acceptance criteria across all User Stories. Scrum requires an Increment to be releasable. This is an Increment of product. Many teams working on a single product are expected to deliver the quality of work.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">18. Is it mandatory that the product increment be released to production at the end of each Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. The product increment should be usable and releasable at the end of every Sprint, but it does not have to be released. In Scrum, it is not mandatory to release each increment without accepting the acceptance criteria. The developed increments should have a value according to the customer’s needs. In short, you can say that it should be usable and releasable at the end of every Sprint without releasing to the production.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">19. The CEO asks the Development Team to add a "very important" item to a Sprint that is in progress. What should the Development Team do?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Inform the Product Owner so he/she can work with the CEO. The items selected for a Sprint have been selected as most valuable with the Product Owner. The items serve the Sprint's goal. No changes should be made that endanger the Sprint Goal. No one external to the Scrum Team can force changes on the Development Team (Sprint Backlog) and the Product Owner (Product Backlog).</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">20. During a Sprint, a Development Team determines that it will not be able to finish the complete forecast. Who should be present to review and adjust the Sprint work selected?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Product Owner and the Development Team. During the Sprint, the scope may be clarified and renegotiated between the Product Owner and Development Team as more is learned. As issues emerge, changes can be made to the sprint backlog to accomplish the Sprint Goal. The Development Team will then re-negotiate with the Product Owner regarding the Sprint Backlog. Although the Sprint Goal is fixed during the Sprint, the Sprint Backlog is not.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">21. The Product Owner's authority to change and update the Product Backlog is typically unlimited. Is there ever any exception?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. The entire organization must always respect a Product Owner's decisions. For the Product Owner to succeed, the entire organization must respect his or her decisions. No one is allowed to tell the Development Team to work from a different set of requirements, and the Development Team isn't allowed to act on what anyone else says. The PO can remove the product backlog items if he/she feels that is not a high priority one. Anyone can add an item to the product backlog. But, it is the PO who decides what happens to the PBI.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">22. Why is the definition of "Done" so important to the Product Owner?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Firstly, it assures the Increment reviewed at the Sprint review is usable so the Product Owner may choose to release it. Secondly, it creates transparency regarding progress within the Scrum Team. All Scrum Team members must have a shared understanding of what it means for work to &nbsp;complete, to ensure transparency. This is the definition of "Done" for the Scrum Team and is used to assess when work is complete on the product Increment. The Increment reviewed at the Sprint Review must be usable, so a Product Owner may choose to immediately release it.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">23. The Development Team finds out during the Sprint that they aren't likely to build everything they forecasted. What would you expect the Product Owner to do?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Re-work the selected Product Backlog items with the Development Team to meet the Sprint Goal. During the Sprint scope may be clarified and re-negotiated between the Product Owner and Development Team as more is learned. The development team looks to the product owner for product backlog, for alignment and direction on the delivery of value through the sprint goal achievement through the backlog implementation. The backlog can be changed to achieve the Sprint goal, but PO is responsible for value delivered through the implementation of backlog to achieve a sprint goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">24. It is usually seen that learning turns into 'validated learning' when assumptions and goals can be assessed through results. What is a key way for a Product Owner to apply validated learning?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Release an Increment to the market to learn about the business assumptions built into the product. The Product Owner manages Product Backlog against the assumption that value will be generated. This assumption remains invalidated when not checked against users and market. The Product Owner drives iterative development from an exploratory attitude, aiming at incremental progress through continuing discovery and validated learning.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">25. Can the value delivered by a product only be determined by revenue?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. In Scrum, Product Owner takes care of the Product Value in order to generate, deliver, and maintain a successful product. Value is likely to vary across the products and organizations. The value of the product depends on the context of the product which you are developing.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">26. What pre-conditions must be fulfilled in order to allow Sprint Planning to begin?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There are no such pre-conditions. Sprint Planning serves to plan the work to be performed in the Sprint. This plan is created by the collaborative work of the entire Scrum Team. Sprint Planning is time-boxed to a maximum of eight hours for a one-month Sprint. What can be achieved in this time-box may be influenced by additional practices that are however not prescribed by Scrum.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">27. Is Sprint Review the only time during which stakeholder’s feedback is taken into account?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. A Product Owner engages actively and regularly with the Stakeholders. However, to limit the disturbance to the development progress and keep a focus of the Development team high, the key Stakeholders are allowed to take part only in the Sprint Review meeting. However, any Scrum team member can interact with them at any time.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">28. How does an organization know that a product built through Scrum is successful?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>By releasing often, and updating key performance indicators (KPIs) on value after every release and feeding this information back into work on the Product Backlog. Scrum Teams deliver products iteratively and incrementally, maximizing opportunities for feedback. If a product isn't released, the opportunity to capture user and market feedback is lost. By releasing every increment and updating the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on value after every release can help to know the product built through Scrum is successful.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">29. What variables should a Product Owner consider when ordering the Product Backlog?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Whatever is the most appropriate for the Product Owner to achieve the product's goals and to optimize the value received. The Product Owner is responsible for ordering the items in the Product Backlog to best achieve goals and missions, thereby optimizing the value of the work the Development Team performs. How this is done, and what value means, may vary widely across the organizations.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">30. In order to make investment decisions, the Product Owner is likely to look at the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of the product being built. What costs will a Product Owner take into account?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The owner of a product is not only accountable for the development and release of a product, but also the cost of maintaining and operating the product. If a person 'owns' the product, he/she can be expected to be responsible for the complete lifecycle of a product.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">31. How important is it for a Product Owner to order Product Backlog items by value points?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It is a good practice, keeping in mind that market reception is the best measure of value. Indications of value on Product Backlog are useful but are only a prediction until validated against users and market.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">32. Should each Sprint Backlog item be owned by a member of the Development Team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. Single members might handle most or all of the work of a particular Sprint Backlog item, but responsibility remains for the whole team. When each member of the Development team owns the Sprint Backlog items, the team will derail from the core-value of Agile which is nothing but the ‘Collaboration’. </p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">33. A representative of the customer has asked the Development Team to add a very important item to an ongoing Sprint. What should they do?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Refer the representative to the Product Owner to discuss it. If the customer is asking for adding an item to an ongoing Sprint, adding it in collaboration with the Product Owner is the best-suited way to add any new item to the Sprint. Because adding a new item to the product backlog without asking the product owner may result in removing a transparency and undermining trust with the Product Owner.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">34. What should we consider in setting the time-box for Sprints?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Timeboxing is the process of allotting a fixed and maximum unit of time for an activity. That allotted unit of time is a timebox. The goal of timeboxing is to define and limit the amount of time dedicated to an activity. The time-box set for the Sprints should not be longer than one month and should be selected considering different factors such as the risk and delivery time.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">35. A Development Team with 5 members has been using 15 minute Daily Scrums. Three new members have joined the team. How long should the Daily Scrum meetings be after that?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>15 minutes. The purpose of the Daily Scrum meeting is to carry out communication between the team members. The Scrum meeting is timeboxed to 15 minutes irrespective of the team-size and is held at the same time and place each day to reduce complexity. Also, it is usually held in the morning time when maximum team members gather to plan work for the day.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">36. Who has the authority to cancel a Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Product Owner.The Sprint can be called off before ending up the Sprint time-box. Only the Product Owner has the authority to cancel a Sprint. This happens when the Product Owner realizes that it makes no sense to finish the Sprint, as defined in Sprint Backlog. The PO may cancel the sprint under the influence of any Stakeholder, the development team, or the Scrum Master.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">37. For projects which have multiple teams, how many product backlog(s) and product owner(s) should be there?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There should be one Product Backlog and one Product Owner. Many Scrum teams, each with a Scrum Master can pull work items from a single product backlog and the presence of the product owners depend on the number of product backlogs. A certain project should have only one Product Backlog and one Product Backlog should only have one Product Owner otherwise, it would be difficult to deliver the product.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">38. To deliver a single product, three Development teams are formed. How many Product Owners are needed?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>One. Multiple Scrum teams, each with a Scrum Master can drag their work items from a single product backlog and the presence of the product owners depend on the number of product backlogs. A certain project should have only one Product Backlog and one Product Backlog should only have one Product Owner otherwise, it would be difficult to deliver the product.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">39. A Scrum Team crafts the following Sprint Goal: "All the Sprint code should have passed 100% automated unit tests"- Is it an appropriate goal?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It is not an appropriate goal since Sprint Goal should be about expected business value.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">40. An important executive wants the Development Team to take a highly critical feature in the current Sprint. What should be the Development Team’s course of action?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The development team should ask the executive to work with the Product Owner. The product owner is the voice of the executives in the process of communicative discovery. How the feature is developed is up to the PO and the Scrum Team, and depends on the nature of the product under deployment and the availability of the stakeholders. The product owner represents the needs and desires of the executive to the development team and prioritizes their work that helps the team to do it in the right way.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">41. Since the Scrum team is self-organizing, do you think it can create an additional role within the Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. The benefit of forming self-organizing teams is not that the team identifies some additional role within the scrum for its work that a manager has missed. Instead, it is that by enabling the team to self-organize, it is motivated to completely own the problem of performing the work at its best. In short, a self-organizing team is a group of motivated individuals who have the authority and ability to take decisions and adjusting to changing demands quickly and easily working together towards a goal.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">42. A customer wants to communicate something very relevant and important about the product to the Development Team. Who should he/she talk to?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The product owner only. A customer shouldn’t spend time detailing the product issues to the development team, this is the job of a product owner. The product owner is responsible for the project success and is finally responding to the customers, team and to the company. He/she is the voice of the customer to the development team and ensures that all channels of communication are open and that project has ample amount of support needed to succeed.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">43. In a retrospective, a Scrum team decides to revise the Sprint length. Does the Product Owner need to agree on the new Sprint length?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Yes, the length of the sprint can be changed but it should be fixed before starting the sprint. The product owner needs to ensure that the sprint is short enough to limit business risk and also short enough so that the team can synchronize their development work with other business events. Finalized Sprint length cannot be longer than 4 weeks (1 month).</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">44. The Scrum Team gathers for Sprint Planning meeting. The Product Owner has some stories, but the team finds that stories do not provide enough information to make a forecast. What according to you is the immediate next thing to do?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Development Team should it transparent that they cannot make a forecast with insufficient information, and negotiate with Product Owner on refining the stories to a Ready state. In scrum, each and every iteration starts with a sprint planning meeting. During this meeting, the PO and the team discuss which stories a team will handle that sprint. The Product Owner needs to help clarify the selected Product Backlog Items. Scrum Master can also coach the Product Owner on how to accomplish this viz. by having regular Backlog Refinement sessions. Later, the team can also discuss in Retrospective.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">45. Given the complex product and its relevance to multiple departments, a Scrum Team expects that they need to invite many stakeholders for Sprint Review. It estimates that the review will take more than 4 hours. Can it increase the Sprint review duration?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. After developing a product increment at the end of each sprint, a Sprint Review meeting is held. The Sprint Review meeting provides a platform to the team members to show what they accomplished during the sprint. Scrum events are time-boxed to eliminate waste and reduce risks. The team needs to address the root causes and adhere to the time-box.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">46. A Development Team maintains a Sprint burn-down to track estimated work remaining. In the middle of the Sprint, the burndown graph shows an upward Spike. What does it indicate?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>This indicates that the development team added new work. The line indicating effort remaining in the burndown graph varies from team to team and day to day. If more work items (user stories and issues) are added after the sprint started then this shows an upward spike. The spike indicates added work and the Product Owner cannot add new work to Sprint Backlog without the consent of the Team.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">47. After Sprint Planning, the Product Backlog Items selected into the Sprint backlog are frozen and cannot be modified. In that case, is the only way to modify it is to have the Product Owner cancel the Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>No. The Sprint Goal gives some flexibility to the Development Team. If the work turns out to be different than expected, the Development Team collaborates with the Product Owner to negotiate the scope of the Sprint Backlog within the Sprint. In that case, the development team discusses with the PO and reaches the conclusion.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">48. Where did Scrum come from?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>&nbsp;The development of the Scrum framework is not linear; different people did independent studies and experiments and gradually the ideas and concepts coalesced into what we know today as Scrum.</p><p>Probably the first publication that compared product development to the game of rugby, moving the scrum down the field, was the white paper “<a href="https://www.thescrummaster.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/The-New-New-Product-Development-Game.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The New New Product Development Game</a>” by <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6563" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hirotaka Takeuchi</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikujiro_Nonaka" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ikujiro Nonaka</a>, published in the <a href="https://hbr.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Harvard Business Review</a> in January 1986.</p><p>In this whitepaper, the authors researched the product development methods of prominent and successful companies and concluded that, in the main, success relied upon:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Built-in instability</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Self-organizing project teams</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Overlapping development phases</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">“Multilearning”&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Subtle control</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Organizational transfer of learning</li></ul><p>They called such processes ‘Holistic Methods’ as opposed to the waterfall ‘sequential’ processes.</p><p>Some sources attribute the ‘invention’ of Scrum to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Sutherland" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jeff Sutherland</a>, John Scumniotales and <a href="https://www.scrumalliance.org/community/profile/jmckenna2" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jeff McKenna</a> in 1993 when they implemented Scrum at the Easel Corporation.</p><p>Independently, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Schwaber" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ken Schwaber</a>, as a software product development manager in the 1980s and early 1990s, recognised patterns of failure in many product development initiatives that used ‘waterfall’ approaches.</p><p>Ken tells the story that he approached a process engineering company, described the software development environment and ‘waterfall’ process; he was told that a ‘<a href="http://wiki.c2.com/?DefinedProcess" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">defined process</a>’ such as ‘waterfall’ was very unlikely to succeed consistently in a software development environment; what is needed is an ‘<a href="http://wiki.c2.com/?EmpiricalProcess" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">empirical process</a>’ that allows process change from feedback from short experiments.</p><p>You would need to ask Jeff or Ken how these 2 first came together to ‘compare notes’ but they collaborated to produce the first public presentation of <a href="http://jeffsutherland.org/oopsla/schwapub.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Scrum at OOPSLA 1995</a>.</p><p>There have been many other people involved with the development of the Scrum framework; people such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Coplien" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jim Coplien</a> and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Beedle" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mike Beedle</a>.</p><p>Ken Schwaber and Mike Beedle published the first Scrum book, ‘<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Agile-Software-Development-Scrum-Series/dp/0130676349" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Agile Software Development with Scrum</a>’, in 2001.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">49. How does the Inspect and Adapt process work during a Sprint?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Inspect and Adapt process is important throughout the Sprint but especially during the ceremonies:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Sprint Planning</strong></b><span> – During Sprint Planning it is important to Inspect:</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The comments from the previous Sprint Review to ascertain if any remedial work is needed and Adapt the expected velocity if needed</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Risk Log to determine if any significant mitigation actions are required for high risks in the Sprint and Adapt the expected velocity if needed</span></li></ul></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Daily Scrum</strong></b><span> – During the Daily Scrum it is important to Inspect the progress toward the Sprint Goal and if there are any concerns about the progress, consideration must be given to Adapting the current priorities, task assignments and/or work practices</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Scrum Review </strong></b><span>– During the Scrum Review it is important to Inspect:</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The increment produced to discover if any Adaptations (changes) are required and the priority of those Adaptations</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Product Backlog to determine if it needs to be Adapted in the light of any new PBI required, any PBI that can be removed and any reprioritization required</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Release Plan to determine whether it needs to be Adapted considering the experience gained so far during the Release development period</span></li></ul></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Scrum Retrospective </strong></b><span>– During the Scrum Retrospective it is important that the team Inspect:</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What had gone well during the Sprint</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What had not gone well during the Sprint</span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The results of these Inspections should lead the team in considering the Adaption of the process that they followed</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">50. Why are the Scrum Pillars of Transparency, Inspection and Adaptation so important?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Scrum Pillars of Transparency" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1544531586-fde5298cdd40?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"><span>The empirical process control theory asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known ie at defined points within an overall control process, teams must inspect what has happened and, from that experience, adapt the process to what will happen.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Scrum framework is founded on empirical process control theory so the included ‘Transparency, Inspect and Adapt’ processes are indispensable.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Transparency</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scrum relies on transparency. Decisions to optimize value and control risk are made based on the perceived state of the artifacts. If the transparency of artifacts is incomplete, these decisions can be flawed, the value may diminish and risk may increase.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Inspection</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scrum users must frequently inspect Scrum artifacts and progress toward a Sprint Goal to detect undesirable variances. Their inspection should not be so frequent that inspection gets in the way of the work.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Adaptation</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If an inspector determines that one or more aspects of a process deviate outside acceptable limits and that the resulting product will be unacceptable, the process or the material being processed must be adjusted. An adjustment must be made as soon as possible to minimize further deviation.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Transparency and Inspection are important in the Daily Scrums and Sprint Reviews. Although Adaptation is mainly considered during the Sprint Retrospective, it should be considered at any time during the Sprint if the current process is significantly detrimental to the best value being achieved.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">51. What are ";divergent" and "convergent" thinking?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When problem-solving and idea creation is needed, for example when constructing the Product Backlog from a product Vision, Objectives and Expected Benefits, there are 2 strategies that are usually used, divergent and convergent thinking.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Divergent Thinking</strong></b><img alt="Divergent Thinking" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522071820081-009f0129c71c?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"><br><span>The “divergent thinking” strategy used to solve problems is the proposal of multiple possible solutions then examining each to determine the solution that will work.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In a ‘problem solving’ workshop, the participants are asked for any ideas individually; writing on ‘sticky notes’ is a good idea. The results are analyzed to see if there is any overlap and the participants agree on a single list of potential solutions.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorming" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Brainstorming</span></a><span> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_writing" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>free writing</span></a><span> are two processes that involve divergent thinking.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>During the analysis of the potential solutions unexpected combinations may be made, information may be changed into unanticipated forms, connections among remote associates may be identified. In divergent thinking, a single question returns multiple answers and though the answers vary considerably depending on the workshop participants, all answers are of equal value; each proposed solution may not have existed before and therefore may be novel, unusual or surprising.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Eight elements of divergent thinking:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Complexity</strong></b><span> – The capacity to think of difficult, multi-layered or intricate products or ideas</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Curiosity</strong></b><span> – The personality characteristic of asking questions, learning to get more knowledge/information about something and of being able to go deeper into ideas</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Elaboration</strong></b><span> – The skill of adding to, building from or enhancing a product or an idea</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Flexibility</strong></b><span> – The capability of creating different perceptions or categories from which a range of different ideas may be produced</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Fluency</strong></b><span> – The skill of producing many ideas so as to have an increase in the number of potential solutions</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Imagination</strong></b><span> – The capability of dreaming up or inventing novel products or ideas; to be original</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Originality</strong></b><span> – The skill of coming up with fresh, unusual, unique, extremely different or completely new products or ideas</span></li><li value="8" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Risk</strong></b><span>-</span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">taking</strong></b><span> – The readiness to be courageous and adventuresome</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Divergent thinking has been detected in people with personality characteristics such as curiosity, nonconformity, persistence, and readiness to take risks.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>An extreme example of divergent thinking was when Twitter developed an online service that did not have any obvious practical application. The company deployed a basic application to find out how people used it and, based on the findings, refined the application. Though launching something and finding out what the market for it is only after the launch doesn’t have to be a bullet-proof strategy (in most cases it is not), this worked for Twitter.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Convergent Thinking</strong></b><br><br><img alt="Convergent Thinking" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1525547719571-a2d4ac8945e2?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"><br><span>Once the divergent thing ‘phase’ of the problem-solving session has been ‘completed’, the workshop participants use convergent thinking to bring together the different ideas to determine a single best solution.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The term “convergent thinking” was ‘created by </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._P._Guilford" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Joy Paul Guilford</span></a><span>. He came up with the term as an opposite term to “divergent thinking”.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Convergent thinking needs speed, logic, and accuracy and relies on identifying the known, reapplying techniques and amassing stored information.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>A vital part of convergent thinking is that it produces one best answer; you either have a right answer or a wrong one.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>An example of where convergent thinking would be used is when the problem is:</span></p><blockquote class="CertTheme__quote" dir="ltr"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>“If there are 3 potential outsourcing companies, which one do we choose?”</span></p></blockquote><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This would require listing all the criteria that the ‘buying’ company need from an outsourcing company and examining each to see which has the best ‘off-the-shelf’ fit or maybe which is open to negotiate to meet all the required criteria.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Summary</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Divergent thinking is used to go from one stated problem to many potential solutions.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Convergent thinking is used to form multiple potential solutions to the correct one.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">52. How can a group of people reach a final decision during Scrum project implementation?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Making decisions in a group has its advantages and disadvantages; the main advantage is that there will be more information and data available by which to make the decision; the main disadvantage is that it can take a significant amount of time.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Let us consider first a jury for a trial. The decision that they must make is ‘black and white’ or binary; is the defendant guilty or not guilty?</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>A jury session usually starts with a vote amongst the jurors, guilty or not guilty. There follows a discussion between people on either side why they have the opinion that they have. By this means, each juror hears opinions about pieces of evidence that they may have forgotten or dismissed and the relative importance of different pieces of evidence.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>After a set time, another vote is taken to see in which direction the overall opinion is ‘going’.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It depends on whether a majority or unanimous verdict is required; if majority, once the requisite number of people all vote the same way, the decision is made; if unanimous, there is a danger that the longer the discussions go on, those in the minority will vote with the rest just to ‘get it over with’.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There is another decision that a jury can make, they cannot agree to the set majority or unanimous parameters and inform the judge.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>But not all decisions are ‘black and white’, most represent a range of options that must be chosen from. The following are the major recognized ways in which groups of people can come to a decision:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Consensus decision-making</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Consensus decision-making" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522202176988-66273c2fd55f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>At the start of the decision making ‘workshop’, some participants will have their own opinion of which way the decision should go usually based on their own or their ‘departments’ best interest. However, the aim of the consensus process is to reach a decision in the best interest of the whole.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The first thing a facilitator must do is to establish the agreed boundaries of the possible decision spectrum; for an extreme example, if the decision is to be made about new products in a consumer product manufacturing organization, you wouldn’t expect the boundaries of the spectrum to include ‘Make a spacecraft’. However, the facilitator must not allow the group to dismiss reasonable innovative ideas.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Much as in a jury, proponents or ‘champions’ of each possible solution put forward their reasons; others listen and ask direct questions to further understand the reasons from their own frame of reference.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>In this way, the group opinion gravitates in one direction. Eventually, those in the minority, unless vehemently opposed to the majority, agree to ‘let’s see how it goes and review later’.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Trying to reach consensus avoids "winners" and "losers".</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Voting-based methods</strong></b><br><span>Voting of some form will always form part of any decision-making process. In all discussion-based decision-making, votes are solicited at regular intervals to get a ‘snapshot’ of the group’s opinions and to decide in which direction further discussion would be beneficial.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Voting-based methods" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522071820081-009f0129c71c?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Let us see all the voting processes in detail that may be used:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Range voting</strong></b><span> – Each participant gives each option a score based on an agreed scale and the option with the highest average is chosen.</span><br><span>This method has been shown to produce the highest participant satisfaction with the result compared to other common voting methods.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Majority</strong></b><span> – A majority requires support from more than 50% of the members of the group. Thus, the bar for action is lower than with unanimity and a group of "losers" is implicit to this rule.</span><br><span>Majority voting is not considered suitable for business group decision making unless a great deal of discussion has taken place beforehand.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">‘First past the post’ </strong></b><span>– With ‘first past the post’, each participant votes for one option; the option that receives the greatest number of votes is taken as the decision.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The problem with this voting method is that the winning option may only be supported by a minority of the participants; it is unlikely that those in the majority will actively support the decision.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Delphi method</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This method is a structured communication technique for groups, originally developed for collaborative forecasting. It involves ‘experts’ answering a series of questionnaires and after each questionnaire is completed, a facilitator presents anonymized results and the reasons for those results. The idea is that each expert modifies their opinion based on the reasons and it is expected that the range of opinions becomes smaller and converges with the ‘best’ decision.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>You can possibly see that Consensus decision making is a less structured version of Delphi; all workshop participants are experts in their own field, but their opinions are not anonymized.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Dotmocracy</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Using this method, participants are asked to place ‘sticky dots’ or use maker pens to indicate for which option they vote for. The may be given one vote or a range, identified by colors, such as ‘I want this one’ (green), ‘I would be OK with this one’ (orange) and ‘I do not want this one’ (red).</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are different ways of using the results:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">‘First past the post’</strong></b><span> – Like the description of this above, the decision to be adopted would not be the option that the majority voted for but also the option that the least number of participants that voted against it.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Removing ‘outliers’</strong></b><span> – Options at either end of the ‘decision spectrum’ can be removed from consideration and further discussion can take place on a reduced set of options with further dotmocracy votes at intervals to remove other outliers.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The disadvantage of this way is that innovative options may be dismissed too early.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">53. What are facilitative listening techniques?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>with many facilitation tools, facilitative listening is perhaps most useful when there is a chance that conflict may arise. &nbsp;Facilitative listening is sometimes known as ‘active listening’ and is ultimately about making sure that all group participants are properly listening to each other.</p><p><img alt="facilitative listening techniques" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531538398863-7fc8db5d8f63?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>The following are techniques to help with facilitative listening:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Paraphrasing</strong></li></ul><p>It may be that the listener does not totally understand the statements being made by someone:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The listener could ask the speaker to restate their argument using different words</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The listener could state their understanding of the speaker’s words but in the listeners’ vocabulary</li></ul><p>Both of these are examples of paraphrasing.</p><p>Part of your responsibility as a facilitator is to be aware of the listeners ‘body language’ and if you believe that one or more are not fully understanding what is being said, you could ask:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The speaker to paraphrase their statements</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A listener to paraphrase their understanding and confirm with the speaker.</li></ol><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Mirroring</strong></li></ul><p>Workshops are set up for participants to express themselves but more than just space for expression is needed. If a participant speaks without a sense of being heard, they are likely to either ramp up their expression or else shut down neither of which is desirable for collaborative decision making. Mirroring requires that the speaker can feel that they have been listened to.</p><p><strong>Mirroring may take a variety of forms:</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">After several people have spoken, a facilitator gives a summary of what has been said so far&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The facilitator can offer a direct paraphrasing back to someone who's just spoken, offering a restatement of the feelings and main points of what was said&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The facilitator or a workshop scribe can write key points onto a shared display that everyone present can view.&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">After a general discussion, a synthesized statement may be drafted by one or a few people based on what was said</li></ul><p>Mirroring may happen in the moment of a session or in after/between sessions as part of a longer, iterative process.</p><p>The effectiveness of Mirroring may be enhanced by checking with those reflected to see if the Mirroring was accurate.</p><p>Not all the Mirroring needs to be done by one central facilitator. &nbsp;A facilitator can also invite others to participate in Mirroring, whether in the whole group or in pairs or small groups.</p><p>Mirroring summarizes the state of current knowledge. &nbsp;Once what is now known is acknowledged, that naturally opens space for new ideas and creativity to emerge, whether for one participant in a meeting or for a group as a whole.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Making space</strong></li></ul><p>Participants in a decision-making workshop need to be focused especially when listening. &nbsp;Therefore, they need a space where they will be comfortable and without distractions.</p><p>As a facilitator, ensure that the workshop space:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Has no external distractions; noise from roadworks, air-conditioning rattling, next to a noisy office etc</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is it a comfortable temperature</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Has sufficient refreshment facilities available</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Has enough space to accommodate the number of participants and ‘break-out’ sessions</li></ol><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Stacking</strong></li></ul><p>This technique to aid facilitative listening is called ‘Taking Stack’ and its purpose is to facilitate discussion and decision making in which all participants have equal say in a conversation. &nbsp;Otherwise, in a structure-less setting, an individual or a small group of people could easily dominate and shut out other participants.</p><p>For this method, one group participant needs to fill the role of the Stack Keeper whose responsibility is to structure and order the dialogue of the decision-making process.&nbsp;</p><p>“The Stack” is the order of participants who are speaking. &nbsp;If a participant raises their hand to say something, the Stack Keeper puts them on “Stack”; their name is put at the bottom of stack list. &nbsp;When the person at the top of Stack has finished speaking, the Stack Keeper crosses their names off and announces who the next two participants on the stack are.&nbsp;</p><p>Thus, the Stack Keeper is the person responsible for identifying who speaks and when. The Stack Keeper must constantly be paying attention and looking around the room to see who wants to speak.</p><p>There are other hand gestures to indicate a request for more immediate contribution when someone else is speaking:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Direct Response</strong></li></ul><p><strong></strong></p><div class="next-image-styles my-4"><strong><img alt="Direct Response" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1451187580459-43490279c0fa?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></strong></div><br>If a participant has a “direct response” to something that another group member said, they should make the hand motion shown in the picture (index fingers out, thumbs up, moving hands up and down in opposite directions). A “direct response” is only a correction to something that was incorrectly stated by another participant, an answer to a question that another participant had, or that is so important that it must be said at this moment.<p></p><p>The Stack Keeper allows this participant to state their response before the conversation goes on.&nbsp;</p><p><em>Correct Usage</em>: “You asked who volunteered to take over your shift? That was me.” OR “Actually, the store spent $100 dollars yesterday, not $1,000.”<br><em>Incorrect Usage</em>: “I disagree with what you just said, because…”&nbsp;</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Clarifying Question</strong></li></ul><p><img alt="Clarifying Question" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1498050108023-c5249f4df085?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>Any participant may make the hand gesture in the picture to indicate that they want to ask a “clarifying question.” &nbsp;</p><p>The Stack Keeper allows them to ask their question before stack goes on.&nbsp;</p><p><em>Correct Usage</em>: “Wait, what were our expenses last week?”<br><em>Incorrect Usage</em>: “How can you say that when you disagreed with Jeremy’s point?”</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Point of Process</strong></li></ul><p><strong></strong></p><div class="next-image-styles my-4"><strong><img alt="Point of Process" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522202176988-66273c2fd55f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></strong></div><br>If a participant feels that the group discussion is not following the correct procedure or a discussion has gotten off topic, they may make this hand gesture and say out loud “Point of Process.”&nbsp;<p></p><p>The Stack Keeper allows them to speak before the next person at the top of the stack. They must then say how they think the discussion has gotten off topic or is not following procedure.&nbsp;</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><em>Example 1</em></strong>: “I’m not sure why we’re talking about shifts when the agenda says we’re supposed to be talking about salaries.”</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><em>Example 2</em></strong>: “There’s a proposal on the table, and I think we should resolve that before we move on to anything else.”</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">54. What is the "Coaching Stance" and how does it impact any coaching situation?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>The coaching stance is what the Agile Coaching Institute (ACI) refers to as “the heart” of their Agile Coach Competency Framework. &nbsp;The coaching stance is supposed to be the place you start from and return to.</p><p>The coaching stance elements highlighted are:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>maintaining neutrality –</strong> do not judge peoples’ attitudes or actions; question them about the whys and how they think that they may improve things</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>serving the client’s agenda –</strong> do not approach a coaching situation with a set of pre-defined directions that you want the client to follow</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>reducing client dependence –</strong> introduce thinking and decision techniques that, once used by the client, they no longer need your services</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>not colluding –</strong> do not collude with the client to introduce attitudes and practices that would be detrimental to the organisation even if they believe that that is what they want</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>signature presence –</strong> bringing your best self to the coaching situation</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">55. Which "Coaching Techniques" can I use to help the team be more self-organising?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Self-organising teams is one of the keys to Agile success but experienced developers who are used to working in a ‘command and control’ environment may find it difficult to adopt this Agile practice; they are used to being told what to do and sometime how to do it.</p><p>Instead of asking the Project Manager (PM) what to next, a developer needs to look at the Team Board and choose what to do next; instead of asking the PM how to do something, he/she should consult their peers on the development team; if no one knows, that is an impediment and the Team should discuss how to resolve the issue. &nbsp;The Scrum Master, as the Risks and Issues Manager, can help the team decide how to resolve the problem but should not be expected to solve it for them.</p><p>The main coaching techniques that a Scrum Master can use to help the team become more self-organising are</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Powerful Questions –&nbsp;</strong>are used by a coach to extract more details about a problem or situation; making the inquirers articulate their answer often organises their thoughts so that they start to answer their own questions.</li></ul><p>Powerful Questions are open questions ie they cannot have a yes or no answer; they usually start with ‘who’, ‘why’, ‘what’, ‘when’, ‘how’ or ‘where’; they may also start with statements such as ‘Tell me about …’.</p><p>Reflecting a statement back to an individual can help prompt further exploration; for example, “You said you were worried about the quality of the product so far … tell me more”.&nbsp;</p><p>For more information about Powerful Questions, see Coaching with NLP.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Autonomy, Mastery and Purpose –</strong> One way for a Scrum Master to help with self-organisation is to look at the Team members’ motivation. &nbsp;People who rely on outside influences for their motivation, so-called extrinsic motivation, are far less effective than those that are self-motivating, so-called intrinsic motivation.</li></ul><p>To foster the intrinsic motivation, we need to examine the following aspects of individuals and the Team:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Autonomy –</strong> We all have an inner-drive to satisfy our psychological needs; if what we are told what to do is not satisfying our inner drive, then we become demotivated.</li></ul><p>Giving individuals and teams more control of what to do, when and how to do it, motivates them more.</p><p>Also, if individual Team members identify with their team (their tribe) the team becomes more autonomous and self-directing.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Mastery –</strong> Do not expect individuals or Teams to master Scrum straight out of the training course. &nbsp;Mastery comes from small steps from what they know now to the goal of Mastery; you possibly know of the problems associated with ‘big-bang’ implementations; the same is true with ‘big-bang’ Mastery.</li></ul><p>As a Scrum Master you should discover what the Team members know now and ask them to have a go at something small but significant in Scrum and give them the space and time to experiment on their own to work out how to do it.</p><p>Most people want to do better; by helping individuals and Teams toward Mastery leads to greater Team self-organisation.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Purpose –</strong> People and Teams who understand and buy-in to why they are doing their work are much more motivated than those who come to work just to pay the bills and do not care about the work.</li></ul><p>Whenever possible, involve the Team in the early stages of product development; let them hear the discussions about forming the Product Vision and Objectives; let them have an input to the Product Backlog ordering.</p><p>For more about Autonomy, Mastery and Purpose see Drive by David Pink and Intrinsic Motivation by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Active Listening –</strong> To help you gain trust with individuals and Teams, as a Scrum Master you need to use Active Listening techniques to show that you care, understand and are prepared to help them. &nbsp;The following are the techniques that some coaches use; there are others:</li></ul><p>Pay Attention</p><p>Give the speaker your undivided attention and show that you are hearing the message; your non-verbal communication, body language, can help the speaker feel comfortable.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Look directly at the speaker</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do not be distracted by other thoughts</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do not mentally prepare a response to one thing the speaker has said; you will not be listening to what he/she is saying now</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Observe your own and the speaker's body language</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">&nbsp;Show That You're Listening</li></ul><p>Use your own body language and gestures to show that you are engaged.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Nod occasionally</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Smile</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Make your posture open and interested</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Encourage the speaker to continue with small verbal comments like yes and OK</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Provide Feedback</li></ul><p>Your own assumptions, judgments, and beliefs can ‘distort’ what you hear. &nbsp;As a listener, your role is to understand what is being said; this may that you have to ask questions to clarify what is being said.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Paraphrase what has been said; for example, "What I'm hearing is... " or "Sounds like you are saying... "</li></ul><ul style="margin-left:40px"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ask questions to clarify certain points; for example, "What do you mean when you say... " or "Is this what you mean?"</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Summarize the speaker's comments periodically.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">&nbsp;Defer Judgement</li></ul><ul style="margin-left:40px"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Interrupting a speaker is a waste of time; it is frustrating for the speaker and reduces understanding of the message.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ask the speaker if he/she has finished a point and if it is OK to ask a question at this time Respond Appropriately</li></ul><ul style="margin-left:40px"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do not ‘attack’ the speaker; show respect and understanding of the speaker’s position. You are gaining information and perspective.&nbsp;</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Be candid, open and honest in your response</li></ul><ul style="margin-left:40px"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Assert your opinions respectfully.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">56. What are the challenges facing self-organising teams and how can I help reduce the impact of these challenges?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There are many challenges facing self-organising teams which can be grouped into the following categories:</p><p>Organisational inertia. &nbsp;In organisations that have been around for some time, the way that things are done have become habits; many supervisor and management personnel are reluctant to change from fear of their job changing significantly or disappearing altogether</p><p>Individual Team members’ inertia. &nbsp;Individual Team members may have fears about:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">having to learn new techniques</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">accepting greater responsibility</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">learning to cooperate with other team members more</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">taking on activities outside of their specialist skills</li></ul><p>A Scrum Master must be aware of these potential challenges to self-organisation, look for signs of them and help both the organisation and Teams to overcome them.</p><p>Below are 3 typical challenges faced by teams and the possible help that a Scrum Master can give:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Bad Forecast:&nbsp;</strong> In the early stages of an Agile transformation, the Teams may be asked to estimate using Story Points, relative estimating, instead of the conventional task estimates that they have been used to. &nbsp;This technique requires practice to become proficient and early attempts may result in the forecast at Sprint Planning for Product Backlog Items (PBI) to be attempted being significantly in error, generally, Teams tend to under-estimate. &nbsp;This may demotivate some Team members and make them question the use of the new technique.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Solution:</strong> During the early Sprints, at the daily Scrums, the Team will realise that their progress toward the agreed Sprint Goal is slower than they would like. &nbsp;As a Scrum Master, you should ask the Team if there is anything they can do to improve progress; some changes could improve progress. &nbsp;</li></ul><p>However, the time to address the underlying problem to do with estimating is during the Sprint Retrospective when the estimates for each Sprint Plan PBI should be compared to ‘actuals’ to see if there was any common reason for the estimates being inaccurate or if there were one or two ‘one-off’ estimating mistakes.</p><p>If there was a common or systemic reason for inadequate estimates, the Team must re-estimate the Product Backlog in the light of the new evidence; if the errors were due to ‘one-off’ inaccuracies, the Team should re-estimate similar User Stories in the Product Backlog.</p><p>Emphasise with the Team that nobody is expecting ‘perfection’ straight away; the importance is that they take time to learn from their experience and apply that learning going forward.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Technical Debt:</strong>&nbsp; We build products incrementally; ‘only do today what you need to do today’. &nbsp;It is probable in later increments that some code that worked for a previous increment no longer works for the current increment so the code is changed. &nbsp;Over time a single method in the code may have had several ‘patches’ applied to it so that becomes difficult to read and restructure when further ‘patches are needed; this may cause de-motivation in some Team Members and even cause arguments between them about the state of the code.</li></ul><p>The programmers aim is for ‘clean’ and simple code but the temptation is to produce something that works now without considering future maintenance needs. &nbsp;The fact that the resulting code may not be ‘clean’ and simple is known as Technical Debt.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Solution:</strong>&nbsp; Resolving Technical Debt costs time and money; the longer you leave the resolution, the more time and money it costs to resolve.</li></ul><p>There are 3 suggested solutions that a Scrum Master can encourage the Team to adopt to address potential Technical Debt problems:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Definition of Done (DoD): &nbsp;</strong>Ask the Team to add an item to the DoD to ensure all new or changed code is peer reviewed to ensure that the structure is ‘clean’ and any potentially reusable code fragments are refactored to their own method.</li></ul><p>Do not let the Team wait until the end of the Sprint to do the code reviews, have them do it once the programmer believes that he/she has finished. &nbsp;In this way, there is the shortest time between ‘finished’ and any refactoring that may be needed.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Pair-Programming:&nbsp;</strong> The idea of two programmers working side-by-side to develop one function may seem counter-intuitive; it would cost twice as much to produce the code. &nbsp;However, in the medium to long-term, Technical Debt may be reduced or even eliminated when one programmer is looking on and offering advice to the programmer at the keyboard.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Test-Driven Development (TDD):</strong>&nbsp;</li></ul><p>With TDD, no line of production code is written before a test has been written to test it, the test is run and is expected to fail. &nbsp;Only enough production code is written to pass the test. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Test-Driven Development</a>.</p><p>Practicing TDD does require an Integrated Development Environment that supports it and to be successful, all programmers must have the discipline to use it.</p><p>Initially, some programmers may be reluctant to use it because of the perceived extra work; however, when they see that the maintenance effort is reduced by more than the extra initial work, they come to accept the practice.</p><p>Team Member Leaves: &nbsp;Each Team member has a list of responsibilities and capabilities including their own specialisation, DoD checking and contributing to work outside of their specialisation.</p><p>The Scrum Master should keep a list of all these responsibilities and capabilities so that when a Team member leaves the Team for some reason, the remaining members can distribute the leavers responsibilities and capabilities amongst themselves.</p><p>If it is not possible for any of the remaining Team members to take on any required responsibility or a required capability is not available, the Scrum Master must raise this as an issue with the Product Owner and management; a Team member training may be the resolution to the issue or an additional Team member may be introduced to the Team. &nbsp;In the latter case, the Scrum Master should monitor how the ‘new’ Team are managing their self-organisation.<br>See also <a href="https://www.agilealliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Self-organizing-teams-Challenges-and-Strategies_0.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Self-organizing teams – Challenges and Strategies</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">57. How can a self-organising team approach challenges that they discover during a Retrospective?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Even good self-organising teams can face challenges with Retrospectives in how they are run and addressing issues that they discover.</p><p>The following are some of the most commonly experienced challenges with their suggested solutions:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Apathy: &nbsp;After a while, some Team members may consider that the Retrospective is a waste of time:</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">They have already discussed problems that are out of their control to resolve</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">They have improved their process as best they can</li></ul><p><strong>Solutions:</strong></p><p>The Team must devise a plan to attempt to resolve ‘external’ problems probably involving the Scrum Master as the Risks and Issues Manager</p><p>Although there may be parts of their process that are working ‘OK’, the Team should devise experiments to innovatively change some parts and review the changes at the next Retrospective</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Boring:</strong> &nbsp;If all Retrospectives follow the same ‘sit around a table and discuss’ format, they will quickly become boring. &nbsp;</li></ul><p><strong>Solution:</strong> &nbsp;The Retrospective facilitator should change the format of the Retrospectives by using ‘games’ to elicit required information from the group; see <a href="http://www.funretrospectives.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fun Retrospectives</a> and <a href="https://luis-goncalves.com/agile-retrospectives-ideas-exercises/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Agile Retrospectives Ideas: Games For Your Next Retrospective for more ideas than a Retrospective facilitator could possibly use</a></p><p>All Talk, No Action: &nbsp;During early transformation Retrospectives, the Team are likely to come up with many impediments; the list may seem daunting and the thought of discussing them all is de-motivating. &nbsp;Also, although the impediments may be discussed and understood by all, there is no plan to resolve any of them</p><p><strong>Solution:</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>Timebox the discovery of impediments. &nbsp;The Team members will, hopefully, only come up with their most important impediments</p><p>Treat the Impediments or Blocks List like a Product Backlog Before discussing any impediment, get the Team to order them in terms of Team importance Discuss only the top 2 or 3 impediments and produce plans to try to resolve them Every 2 or 3 days during the next Sprint, get the Team to state how the plans are going</p><p>The first item for the next Retrospective should be to discuss the result of the plans; removing the impediment if it has been resolved or putting it back onto the Impediments List for consideration with the rest of the un-resolved and un-discussed impediments.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">58. What are the differences between a "working group" and a "team"?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><strong> Generally:</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Working groups consist of individuals with specialist skills who take their direction of from a supervisor or manager to produce an output but who do not necessarily interact with each other; ‘traditional’ software development ‘teams’ follow this model; each team member is a specialist whose work is controlled by the Project Manager.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Teams are comprised of people with specialist skills but interact with each other to produce an output; individuals may work outside of their specialist skills in to produce a ‘team output’</li></ul><p>The following table compares how attributes differ between working groups and teams:</p><div class="overflow-x-auto mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-6 max-w-full"><table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border"><thead><tr><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)">Working Groups<br></th><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)">Teams<br></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Individual accountability<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Individual and mutual accountability<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Come together to share information and perspectives<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Frequently come together for discussion, decision making, problem solving, and planning<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Focus on individual goals<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Focus on team goals<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Produce individual work products<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Produce collective work products<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Define individual roles, responsibilities, and tasks<br><br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Define individual roles, responsibilities, and tasks to help team do its work; often share and rotate them<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Concern with one’s own outcome and challenges<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Concern with outcomes of everyone and challenges the team faces<br></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Purpose, goals, approach to work shaped by manager<br></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Purpose, goals, approach to work shaped by team leader with team members<br></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Table 1 - <a href="https://www.dummies.com/business/human-resources/employee-relations/differences-between-work-groups-and-teams/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Differences between Work Groups and Teams</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">59. What are the key attributes of an effective Agile Team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US"><strong><em>This is a frequently asked question in Scrum interview questions.</em></strong></span><em><strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p>There are many lists of the key attributes of effective Agile Teams produced; the following list distills and collates the common themes of most of them:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Having Ground Rules</strong></li></ul><p>Effective Agile Teams set their own Working Agreement, Ground Rules, whereby the members know and buy-into the Team working practices which are usually elements to do with all the following attributes.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Working Together/Collaboration</strong></li></ul><p>In a successful agile team, the team members work together on features; UI designers, developers and testers work together to ensure that they, as a team, have finished a story.</p><p>All Team members are aware of their own and colleagues’ strengths and weaknesses so he/she knows who to go to for improvement advice for themselves and who else he/she can help to improve. &nbsp;</p><p>As the successful agile team collaborates to finish features, they avoid the problem of having many features started but none getting finished at the end of the Sprint.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Having Short Feedback Loops</strong></li></ul><p>Obtaining feedback at regular, short intervals is a major contributor to the success of an Agile team; they use 1 to 3-week Sprints so they can produce potentially shippable increments of a product to obtain feedback form the wider stakeholder community. &nbsp;During the Sprints, if it is not possible to work with end-users directly, successful teams will seek feedback at every stage of the development of each Product Backlog Item (PBI).</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Being Adaptable</strong></li></ul><p>As in all product development, conditions are not always favourable in an Agile environment:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The Agile team may not have acceptance criteria for every PBI</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A team room may not be present</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The Team may not be able to remove all obstacles.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>However, the Team must get the work done; Agile team members must be adaptable to any kind of situation (be it the ideal or the worst situation).</p><p>Agile team members must be willing to work outside their specializations. This does not mean that they are expected to work in areas that they know nothing about; they can help other Team members under their supervision; the simplest form of this is for anybody to run test scripts if they are becoming a bottleneck.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Intra-Team Communication</strong></li></ul><p>Good intra-Team communication is one of the major characteristics of a successful Agile team; Team members:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">challenge each other in a non-aggressive manner</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">should not filter their communications ie ‘tell it like it is’</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">must be willing to exhibit a sense of vulnerability; a willingness to say “I don’t know.”&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">must have the ability to ask for help promptly when they need it</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Being Committed</li></ul><p>Successful Agile teams members are fully ‘bought-in’ the Product Vision and Objectives and are fully committed to achieving the best value for the business within time and cost constraints.&nbsp;</p><p>They try to find ways to share their knowledge, learn various new things and enhance their own skills.&nbsp;</p><p>Also, all Team members must be able to see where Team members’ workloads stand at all times; if someone is overloaded, members must be willing to help the over-burdened person so as to smooth workflow across the team; this would normally happen during the daily Scrum.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">60. Which methods can I apply to help a team improve its performance?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US"><strong><em>It's no surprise that this one pops up often in situational interview questions for Scrum Master.</em></strong></span><em><strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p>There are several ways to help a team improve its performance, but they can be categorized as follows:&nbsp;</p><p>Ensuring the team has common goals and purpose: &nbsp;The performance of a team that is ‘pulling in different directions’ will never be optimal; all team members must know the product development and objectives and fully buy-in to them; no ‘ifs’ or ‘buts.’</p><p>Ensuring the team understands and embraces Shared Accountability: &nbsp;We all understand self-accountability; you do something wrong, and you pay the price.</p><p>Team Accountability or Shared Accountability is taking responsibility for others ie, team members must be aware of the work that others are doing and be prepared to challenge their work for the good of the team.</p><p>Having a Working Agreement: &nbsp;A Team Working Agreement states the ‘rules’ that the team will follow to produce a valuable product; is something that the team members discuss and agree; nobody ‘issues’ a Team Working Agreement to the team.</p><p>The agreement can contain anything that the team would feel is useful to enhance collaboration i.e.:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Dates, times, and places for the Sprint ceremonies</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How the Sprint ceremonies will be run</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Pair-programming arrangements</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How the ‘Definition of Done’ will be implemented</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ensuring Psychological Safety: &nbsp;Psychological safety is the belief that the individuals within the Team are safe for interpersonal risk-taking i.e, a Team member must be able to be themselves and speak their minds without fear of negative consequences to their self-image, status, or career.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Adhering to the Scrum value of Respect produces Psychological Safety.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">61. What is an 'homogenous team' and what are the pitfalls of having one?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>A homogenous team is one where the members are all similar in background, gender, age and culture; we are not talking about similar skill-sets but general life experience.</p><p>Homogenous teams have been shown to suffer from the following drawbacks:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Stifling of creativity –</strong> homogeneous team members have a similar world view and so find it difficult to ‘think out of the box’</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Communication –</strong> Although homogeneous team members may think they understand what is meant by a colleague’s jargon, they may have misinterpreted which may lead to mistakes; in Teams with members from diverse backgrounds it is more likely that such jargon will be challenged and a greater understanding is obtained by all Team members</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Minorities –</strong> People not of the same background as the homogeneous Team members may have feelings of exclusion and/or discrimination.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">62. What is a multi-staged model for team formation and development?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>All multi-staged models for team formation recognise different stages that a group of people go through from the start, getting together, to becoming a high-performing team.</p><p>There are several published models from those that involve rigorous mathematical steps to analyse team needs and individual attributes, such as that proposed in <a href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=6181&amp;context=utk_gradthes" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Two Multi-Objective Stochastic</a></p><div class="overflow-x-auto mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-6 max-w-full"><table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border"><thead><tr><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)">Stage</th><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)"><div style="text-align:left">Key Elements of the Development Stage</div></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Forming</td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Orientation to task and team</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ground rules identified</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reliant on leader</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Storming</td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Strong emotional responses to team and task</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Uncertainty, anxiety, and resistance</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Internal friction, conflict, crisis often are the result</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Norming</td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Open exchange of information, emotional support, team cohesions</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Interpersonal team structures created</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Development of group norms</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Performing</td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Team becomes a “working organization”</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Capacity to problem solve and adapt to achieve tasks at hand</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Outperforming</td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Team exceeds the performance norms</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Team able to function and successfully perform in the larger system</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Sustainment of tasks are achieved</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start">Adjourning</td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Change is embedded into the organization</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Project team disbands</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><a href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=6181&amp;context=utk_gradthes" target="_blank">Models for Project Team Formation Under Uncertainty in Time Requirements</a>, to the more simple and well-known <a href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=6181&amp;context=utk_gradthes" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tuckman Model</a>.</p><p>&nbsp;Tuckman’s model, first published in 1965, initially only had the first 4 stages in the table; he added the 5th and 6th stages in 1975.</p><p>At first the group of people are reliant on a ‘leader’ and as the group emerges as a team, they become less reliant on a ‘leader’ and become self-organising</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">63. What is the 'Definition of Done' and how do I help to create one?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US"><strong><em>A common question in Agile Scrum interview questions, don't miss this one.</em></strong></span><em><strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p>The ‘Definition of Done’ (DoD) is a checklist of all the activities that must be completed for a Product Backlog Item (PBI) before it can be considered ‘Done’ and is fit for review by the wider stakeholder community and potentially released to the live environment; the DoD is a key artifact for Product Development quality control.</p><p>The DoD is assembled and agreed upon by the Product Owner (PO) and the Development Team members.</p><p><strong>Potential Problems with initial DoD</strong></p><p>There is a possibility that the Team will develop a minimalist DoD and submit it to the PO for approval; some PO will give it a cursory glance and approve it.</p><p>In such situations, as a Scrum Master, you should remind the PO that he/she is solely responsible for the value to be accrued from the Product Development and that he/she needs to understand each DoD element in case any have been forgotten or any are unnecessary; the best way to achieve this is for you to facilitate a DoD workshop with the PO and Development Team members.</p><p>Another problem with minimalist DoD is that they assume that small but significant steps in the development process will be done because ‘they are obvious’; they may be obvious in the ‘cold light of day’ but not so obvious in the ‘heat of development’; as a Scrum Master, you should encourage the rest of the Scrum Team to include more detail in the DoD than seems necessary; items can always be taken out if they are felt to be redundant.</p><p><strong>DoD Examples</strong></p><p>The DoD for software development may include items such as:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Detailed requirements analysis done with appropriate business people</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">UI and User Experience approved by the appropriate business person</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The system architecture conforms to organizational system constraints</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">All code adheres to the coding standards&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">All PBI functionality has been Unit Tested and passed</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Full Regression Testing has been completed and passed</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">User Acceptance Testing has been completed and passed</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">All necessary documentation has been completed</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">An actual DoD would probably add more detail to some of the elements.</li></ul><p>The DoD for a PBI is usually peer-reviewed by another team member that has not had significant input to the PBI development.</p><p>Given that Scrum is not just for software development, a DoD for non-software product development, such as running an event, may look something like this for the PBI ‘As the Invitations Coordinator, I need to send invitations to the event so that we maximize attendance’:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The list of invitees has been collated from the {xyz} customer list</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The list of invitees has been approved by the event Project Manager</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The form of the invitation has been designed by the Marketing Dept</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The form of the invitation has been approved by the Marketing Director</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Invitee addresses have been updated</li></ul><p>Once all the DoD items have passed their checks, the Invitations Coordinator is authorized to send out the invitations.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">64. What are the 'Agile' technical practices?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The ‘Agile Technical Practices’ or ‘Agile Programming Practices’ all come from work carried out or developed from other ideas by eXtreme Programming practitioners; They are not part of Scrum or any other Agile framework but have been adopted by many, if not most, Agile programmers as a ‘toolkit’ of ‘best practice’ for producing minimal, ‘clean’ and maintainable code. The list of practices, with explanations, is as follows:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">A common "war-room" style work area –</strong></b><span> Where Team members are co-located, they should occupy an area that they can call their own.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There will be many artefacts that are best displayed on a wall and it is best to keep them in one place.Also, the Team members can obtain ‘osmotic communication’ just by being in the same area as others having conversations.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Sharing the codebase between all or most programmers –</strong></b><span> Individual programmers do not ‘own’ their own code; it is a shared resource between all programmers.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Because nothing is considered ‘finished’ the first time through (it may meet the Definition of Done for the current Sprint but may have to be modified for other functionality in a later Sprint), other programmers need access to all the code in order to update it when necessary; if they do not have access, they may write redundant code.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">A single coding standard to which all programmers adhere –</strong></b><span> Just as sharing the codebase is an important practice, having a common coding standard reduces the time that a programmer needs to understand code that another has originally written.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Pair-programming – </strong></b><span>The simplest practice to implement, it requires that no line of code, production or test, is written without 2 people being involved; one typing at the keyboard, the other reviewing what is being done and suggesting alternatives.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Contrary to some beliefs, this practice does not double the cost of development because the resulting code will be virtually bug-free thus reducing rework time considerably</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Simple Design –</strong></b><span> most things are simple when they start out but become more complex as time goes on. The codebase must be inspected regularly for signs of complexity and the code refactored to produce small, simple functions and methods.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Test-Driven Development (TDD) –</strong></b><span> This practice requires that no line of production code is written unless an ‘automated’ test has been written for the functionality, the test has been run and fails and only enough production code is written so that the test passes.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The practice does require the use of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that supports TDD or access to a TDD framework that supports the programming language being used.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Rigorous, regular refactoring –</strong></b><span> As stated in most of the practices above no line of code can be considered ‘finished’ until the end of the Product Development. Even during a Product maintenance phase, the code may need to be modified. If ‘patches’ are added just to make the code work, the codebase will become complex and difficult to modify and maintain.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Continuous integration – </strong></b><span>Even code that works in the IDE and passes all tests, it may fail in the system build; the longer you leave it between system builds (integration), the harder it is to track down what caused the build to fail.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Integration system builds should be done as often as practicable to catch errors early and make them easier to find and fix.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Some organisations do a full build of source code that has been checked-in to the source code repository every 2 hours; some organisations do a full build each time code is checked-in to the source code repository.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This practice does require the use of automated system build systems.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">65. How can I help the Product Owner create the Product Vision with the Development Team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">One of the most frequently posed Scrum interview questions, be ready for it.</strong></b></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Definition:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Firstly, we must define what the Product Vision is. Just as with any Vision, the Product Vision should be a short statement of what the product is for. Here are some characteristics of a good Product Vision:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>One sentence</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Emotive and inspirational – a ‘call to the flag.’</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Colourful with a logo – for Product Visions that are up on the wall</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Written in the present tense – imagine that the product already exists</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What does the product do – not how it was created or how it works</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Roman Pichler, the acknowledged father of Visions, says that Product Visions should be:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Clear &amp; stable: Every participant should find it easy to understand, so avoid empty phrases that don’t say anything (aka bullshit)</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Broad &amp; engaging: It should depict a higher picture that everyone can relate to and that inspires people to give their best to make it happen</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Short &amp; sweet: It needs to get straight to the point.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Additionally, make it:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Achievable: Although a vision should be a futuristic idea of what the product might become, set a goal that can be met</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Insightful: Craft the idea based on users’ needs and motives and define the main reason behind the product’s existence.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Examples</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Before investigating how to help the Product Owner create the Product Vision with the Development Team, let us look at a couple of examples:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><a href="https://www.tesla.com/blog/secret-tesla-motors-master-plan-just-between-you-and-me" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Tesla:</span></a></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">“Build sports car</strong></b></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Use that money to build an affordable car</strong></b></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Use that money to build an even more affordable car</strong></b></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">While doing above, also provide zero emission electric power generation options</strong></b></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Don't tell anyone”</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Whilst this Vision ‘breaks’ the one-sentence guideline, it does fit Roman Pilcher’s advice.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Ikea:</span></p><blockquote class="CertTheme__quote" dir="ltr"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">“At IKEA our vision is to create a better everyday life for the many people”</strong></b></p></blockquote><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This is a short and broad Vision for the company that will drive the products that the company produces ie will a proposed product help ‘create a better everyday life for many people’.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Product Vision Creation</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>So how does the Product Owner, who is responsible for the Product Vision, go about creating the Product Vision?</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Firstly, the creation of a Product Vision is best done collaboratively; as a Scrum Master, arrange a facilitated workshop with the Product Owner, relevant stakeholders and the Development Team to ‘brainstorm’ ideas; you may facilitate the workshop yourself (see </span><a href="https://uxmag.com/articles/creating-a-shared-vision-that-works" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Creating A Shared Vision That Works</span></a><span>).</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are 2 widely used ‘models’ to use to help create a Product Vision:</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>‘The Elevator Pitch’</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Bill Shackelford’s ‘Design the box’</span></li></ol><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The Elevator Pitch</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The idea behind the Elevator Pitch is to put together a statement about something to ‘pitch’ to the CEO when riding in an elevator; we are not going to do this; it is the elements of an Elevator Pitch that we need to explore for the product so that we can come to a suitable form of words for the Product Vision. There are different lists of Elevator Pitch elements; for now, we will look at the following list from Roman Pichler:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Target Group – who the product is likely to benefit</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Needs – the main problem the product addresses or the primary benefit it offers</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Product – summarises the three to five features of the product that make it stand out and that are critical for its success</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The Business Goals – explains why it’s worthwhile for your company to invest in the product. It states the desired business benefits, for instance, increase revenue, enter a new market, reduce cost, develop the brand, or acquire valuable knowledge.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>By ‘brainstorming’ the above elements, the workshop participants get a better understanding of the product and can converge onto a suitable Product Vision.</span><br><span>Roman Pichler has a downloadable </span><a href="https://www.romanpichler.com/tools/product-vision-board/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Product Vision Board</span></a><span> that you can use to organise the ‘brainstorming’ ‘sticky notes’ and capture the decisions:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Product Vision board" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1451187580459-43490279c0fa?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Design the Box</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In a facilitated workshop, the participants imagine the product to be a ‘shrink-wrapped’ physical box containing the product; or it may be that the product is to be ‘shrink-wrapped’.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The elements of the box are:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The Front –</strong></b><span> The product name, main features and a graphic</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The Back –</strong></b><span> Product information</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The Sides –</strong></b><span> Limitations, Health &amp; Safety, Legal</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There is a good description of how to run a Design the Box workshop at </span><a href="https://gamestorming.com/design-the-box/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Design the Box</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Again, as with the Elevator Pitch, the workshop participants get a better understanding of the product and can converge onto a suitable Product Vision</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">66. How can the Product Owner and Development Team move from the Product Vision to the Product Backlog?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>It is not advisable to go straight from the Product Vision to collecting requirements for the Product Backlog.</p><p>The Product Owner (PO) is solely responsible for the value produced by a Product Development and to have some understanding of this value the Product Objectives, Benefits and an initial Business Case should be investigated to check that, in all probability, the product will produce value for the company; it is no good having a great product if no one will buy it and/or it will take 5 years to recoup the development costs.</p><p><img alt="requirements for the Product Backlog" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1478104724775-8bd31ff3e44b?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>To help the Product Owner and Development Team move from the Product Vision to the Product Backlog, as a Scrum Master, you can arrange a series of facilitated workshops to determine the Product Objectives, Business Case and Backlog.</p><p><strong>Product Objectives</strong></p><p>The Product Objectives are a list of things that enable the meeting of the Product Vision. It should not be a long list; between 5 and 10 is usual; Objectives are not requirements.</p><p><strong>Some examples:</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">“MVP to be released for the Christmas Market”</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">“Reduce report creation time by a minimum of 50%”</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">“Increase re-registrations by 50% in 1 year”</li></ul><p>Although a Product Vision may state some development attributes that can be measured, most do not; it is the Objectives that should be measurable. &nbsp;Some people use <a href="https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/what-are-smart-objectives-and-how-do-i-apply-them" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">S.M.A.R.T Objectives</a>.</p><p>The Objectives list may also be ordered by business value and may define what is to be included in a Minimum Viable Product (MVP).</p><p><strong>Benefits</strong></p><p>From the Objectives list, we can now make an estimate of the expected benefits that we expect the product to give to the ‘customer’ (internal and/or external) and the company; each Objective may contribute to more than one category of Benefit; for example, an Objective of “Reduce report creation time by a minimum of 50%” may have the following Benefits:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Allow Marketing Dept to make faster pivot decisions:</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Less rework: expected savings = 20% of marketing costs</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">More timely information</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reduced customer frustration: increased customer re-registrations revenue = 50%&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reduced staff frustration: reduced staff turnover and recruiting/training costs = 20%</li></ul><p>Although we have used percentage values in the examples above, it is recommended that actual monetary values are used.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Business Case</strong></li></ul><p>Now that we have the expected Benefits from developing the product, we must now estimate how much it might cost to develop.</p><p>At this point, the Development Team may not have been chosen:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">We may outsource the development</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">We may not have chosen the technology to be used</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The potential Team may be busy finishing another product development</li></ul><p>To help the PO create an initial Business Case, as the Scrum Master, arrange a facilitated workshop to include the PO, relevant stakeholders and senior ‘technical’ personnel to investigate the probable costs of:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Configuring something that already exists</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Developing the product in-house</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Different implementation technologies</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Hiring contracting staff to cover skill shortfalls</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Outsourcing part or all the development</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Doing nothing: Although the immediate cost of doing nothing is zero, doing nothing now may have significant costs in other areas of the business</li></ul><p>From these investigations, the workshop participants must decide as to which option will give, potentially, the best value.</p><p>The costs of the potential solution option must be compared with the expected benefits to make a cost-benefit decision as to whether the proposed product development is worthwhile.</p><p>See the <a href="https://www.apm.org.uk/resources/what-is-project-management/what-is-a-business-case/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">APM website&nbsp;</a>and other websites for more detailed information and ideas.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Product Backlog</strong></li></ul><p>Once the Business Case has been approved, the PO can turn his/her attention to creating the Product Backlog.</p><p>As the Scrum Master, organise a facilitated workshop to include the PO, relevant stakeholders and the Delivery Team to discover the Product Backlog Items (PBI), usually User Stories, that will fulfil the Product Objectives.</p><p>These PBI will be estimated by the Development Team and the results fed back into the Business Case to ensure that the cost-benefit analysis still indicates a viable development.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">67. What may be the benefits of having the Product Owner included in Retrospectives?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Sprint Retrospective is a key ceremony for ‘Inspect and Adapt’ to aid Continuous Improvement.</p><p>Many organisations have only the Development Team, facilitated by the Scrum Master, to reflect on their past process performance and make plans to improve it.</p><p>However, The Product Owner (PO) is also a member of the Scrum Team and there are advantages to having the PO included in the participants of the Retrospective:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Strengthen the relationship with the Development Team and improve collaboration with them:</li></ul><ul style="margin-left:40px"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Enough time with the development team?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Available to answer questions or provide feedback quickly enough?&nbsp;</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Right level of feedback and guidance in the right way?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Is communication between the Development team and the PO open, honest, and trustful?</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Understand why the Development Team requires some time in the next Sprint to carry out improvements such as refactoring or investigating a new test tool</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Improve the PO’s own work:<ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Understanding why some PBI were not completed<ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Too big</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Insufficient Acceptance Criteria</li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Does the team know how the users employ the product?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Are the team members happy with:<ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Their involvement in analysing user feedback and data</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Changing the product backlog</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Getting stories ready for the sprint?&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do you get enough support from the team to “refine” the backlog?</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Are the team members aware of the big picture:<ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The overall vision</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The product strategy</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The product roadmap?&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Does the PO get enough of the Development Team members’ time to help with product planning and product road mapping?</li></ul><p>If the Development Team have ‘a problem’ with the PO, it is tempting for them not to invite the PO to Retrospectives but this ‘problem’ is an issue and as a Scrum Master it is part of your responsibility to help resolve issues; the Retrospective is the best mechanism to discuss and resolve problems between the Development Team and the PO.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">68. Which techniques can be used during a Backlog Refinement session to create Sprint ready Product Backlog Items?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">A staple in situational interview questions for Scrum, be prepared to answer this one.</strong></b></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Product Owner (PO) is responsible for all of the Product Backlog Items (PBI):</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The wording of the PBI</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Each ordering of PBI’s business value</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Each PBI’s Acceptance Criteria</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Development team is responsible for estimating the size and complexity of each PBI; this will be done initially just before development work begins.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>During the development Sprint Planning, the Team must select the next highest value PBI to be attempted during the Sprint.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>However, as time goes on, the PO and Development Team need to apply any lessons learned from development so far to ensure that the candidate PBI are sufficiently well described and sized (but see </span><a href="https://www.scrum.org/resources/blog/myth-14-refinement-required-meeting-entire-scrum-team" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Scrum.org Myth 14</span></a><span>); this ‘confirmation’ is done during Backlog Refinement during which the following questions are answered:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Is the wording of the PBI sufficient for the Development Team to understand what is required?</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Has anything occurred to warrant any changes to the PBI wording?</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Are the Acceptance Criteria for each PBI complete and understandable to the Development Team?</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Is the initial size and complexity estimate for each PBI still valid?</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Are all the candidates PBI sized adequately? – A PBI that cannot be completed in 1 Sprint is too big and must be decomposed</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Is the Product Backlog ordering still correct?</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>All of these criteria and others to suit a specific situation can be documented as a ‘Definition of Ready’ checklist.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are a series of blogs that make interesting background reading: </span><a href="https://www.scrum.org/resources/blog/product-backlog-refinement-explained-13" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Product Backlog Refinement explained</span></a><span>. See also </span><a href="https://www.romanpichler.com/blog/grooming-the-product-backlog/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Grooming the Product Backlog</span></a></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Techniques</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Run the Backlog Refining session as a facilitated workshop, timeboxed to 2 to 3 hours or 10% of the Development Team capacity for a 2-week upcoming Sprint (see </span><a href="https://dzone.com/articles/product-backlog-refinement-make-the-most-of-it" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Product Backlog Refinement: Make the Most of It</span></a><span>)</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Anybody presents feedback from released increments</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Ask the PO what the next Sprint Goal will be</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>‘Modified’ </span><a href="https://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/agile/planning-poker" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Planning Poker</span></a><span>:</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Each Development Team Member has ‘YES’ and ‘NO’ cards</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Show an element of a PBI and ask participants to select a card</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>All participants show their cards at the same time</span></li><li value="8" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Ask each ‘NO’ what information they need or have</span></li><li value="9" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">PBI wording –</strong></b><span> use ‘modified’ Planning Poker technique with</span></li><li value="10" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Acceptance Criteria –</strong></b><span> use ‘modified’ Planning Poker technique with Development Team members and PO</span></li><li value="11" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Sizing –</strong></b><span> use ‘modified’ Planning Poker technique with Development Team members (see also </span><a href="https://www.adventureswithagile.com/2015/10/28/backlog-refinement-techniques/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Resizing a Backlog</span></a><span>, </span><a href="http://agileforall.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Story-Splitting-Cheat-Sheet.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Story Splitting Cheat Sheet</span></a><span> and </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TCuuu-8Mm14oxsOnlk8DqfZAA1cvtYu9WGv67Yj_sSk/pub" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Elephant Carpaccio Exercise</span></a><span>)</span></li><li value="12" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Ordering:</strong></b></li><li value="13" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Ask PO if there are any business value changes that require the Product Backlog to be reordered</span></li><li value="14" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Ask the Development Team members if any PBI changes introduce new dependencies</span></li><li value="15" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Spikes – if the Development Team do not fully understand a PBI or is unsure how it might be developed, they can choose to introduce a ‘</span><a href="https://www.scrumalliance.org/agilematters/home" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Spike</span></a><span>’ item to the next Sprint Backlog to do some research into the problem</span></li><li value="16" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Behaviour Driven Development (BDD):</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Also known as </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_by_example" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Specification by Example</span></a><span> (SbE)</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>An extension of Test Driven Development that requires the use of specialized development tools</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Uses structured language to automate the production of some development artifacts</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Although using BDD requires a toolset that might not be available, you can use the structured language to create PBI Acceptance Criteria:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Given {some context}</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>When {some action is carried out}</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Then {a particular set of observable consequences should happen}</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>An example:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Given my bank account is in credit, and I made no withdrawals recently,</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>When I attempt to withdraw an amount less than my card's limit,</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Then the withdrawal should complete without errors or warnings.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">69. How can I explain Scrum to a business stakeholder?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>For many years, business stakeholders have seen or been involved with building products using the so-called ‘waterfall’ model; business stakeholders are intensely involved at the beginning of the development to specify the detailed requirements and do not get involved again until just before deployment to do User Acceptance Testing (UAT).</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>People get used to a way of working even if they experience problems with it; it is human nature to ‘get on with it’ and/or develop personal ways of mitigating the problems that they experience.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Many business stakeholders are sceptical about ‘wholesale’ changes to the way that they are being asked to work especially as, superficially, their involvement with the product development is significantly increased.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Also, many senior business managers are risk averse and require predictability from the product development process.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The reasons why the waterfall development model evolved are beyond the scope of this question; to explain Agile to a business stakeholder, you need to know the major elements of the waterfall model that can cause ‘problems’ for the business:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Gathering detailed requirements takes a significant amount of time where money is being spent for no additional income</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Detailed requirements change over time:</span></li></ul><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>If there is little or no business involvement during development, capturing required changes is difficult</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>If the changes are not implemented, the business get the ‘wrong’ product</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>If the changes are implemented, it leads to extra cost and delays in deployment</span></li></ul><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The project plan, created just after requirements gathering, is based on estimates but is taken as a quote by many which leads to ‘recriminations’ if the development costs more and/or takes longer</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Each business stakeholder will have had frustrations based on one or more of potential waterfall problems; before trying to explain the whole of Agile, it is recommended to start by discovering which areas of the waterfall development process is causing the frustrations and explaining the aspects of Agile that will help overcome them.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>One model of product development to base your explanations around is ‘The Iron Triangle’</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="The Iron Triangle" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1551288049-bebda4e38f71?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Waterfall sets out to define all the detailed requirements and plan how they will be implemented; the resulting ‘contract’ assumes that features, time and cost are all fixed.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>However, as already said, it can take a long time to capture the detailed requirements and plan their implementation; however, things never go according to plan (requirement changes, staff changes) and so, when trying to implement a ‘fixed’ requirements list, the result will probably be time and cost overruns.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>An Agile product development approach turns the ‘iron triangle’ upside-down:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="The Iron Triangle" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1551288049-bebda4e38f71?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>You can see from Figure 4 that with an Agile product development process:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The business fixes the time for the product development; this time is based on business imperatives such as market or legislation imperatives</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The development costs, which are mainly made up of developer costs, are fixed by having a fixed, cross-functional team</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>What is delivered in terms of the requirements is variable</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The requirements variability is based on ‘high-level’ requirements and needs some rules to give the business some confidence; the main rule is the Minimum Viable Product (MVP).</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>One of the major advantages of an Agile product development process over a waterfall one is that the product is delivered incrementally allowing some return on investment before the product is ‘completed’. Incremental delivery can also help with experimentation when the product details are unclear; parts of the potential final product can be deployed early to get ‘customer’ feedback that will help produce a better product.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>One of the important factors when explaining Agile to a business stakeholder is to make sure that they understand the major differences in output that they can expect compared with waterfall and the differences expected of them:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Documentation will be minimal focusing on what is needed not what might be needed</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Probable participation throughout the development for discovering detailed requirements, planning and reviewing</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Another approach to answering this question can be found at How to Explain Agile to Your Stakeholders.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">70. What are the typical organizational impediments that Scrum Teams face and how can they be addressed?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are many opinions as to what the ‘typical’ impediments that Scrum Teams face are; the following list is not exhaustive but covers the impediments that Scrum Teams may probably face:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Old Habits –</strong></b><span> During the early stages of an Agile Transformation, when many parts of the organisation are not conversant with the implications of Agile, some business and technical managers expect the Scrum Team to deliver documentation and reports that they are used to. This can be either impossible or time-wasting.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Also, when Development Team Members, new to Scrum, are under ‘pressure’, it is natural for them to revert to old work practices because they know them and having to think about and use the new work practices takes more time and increases the pressure.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>During the early stages of an Agile Transformation, the role of a Scrum Master as the Risks and Issues Manager, is key.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>During the daily Scrum, he/she must listen to what the Development Team members have been working on and what they plan to be working on; note any item that does not seem to be adding to achievement of the Sprint Goal and discuss with the relevant developer after the Scrum has finished. If the item is a ‘hang-over’ from the old ways of working, the Scrum Master must identify the person who asked for the item and engage them in a ‘Scrum Mentoring’ session to explain why their request is inappropriate.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Similarly, the Scrum Master should question any developer that does not seem to be following the Agile and Scrum practices; for example, the developer may be building the user interface for a User Story from his/her own knowledge, because it is quicker, without collaborating with a relevant business person to get the correct information.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Distractions –</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In organisations that are used to using Matrix Management for resource allocation, it is usual for one person to be working on multiple product developments or other work. This causes the individual to become distracted from the necessary work for any one of their assignments which results in reduced quality of their work and more time overall to complete the work.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scrum requires that the Development Team is made up of all the skills necessary for the development and that the relevant resources are dedicated to the product development.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Scrum Master must work with the matrix managers to assign resources to one product development at a time for the long-term and not assign people based on short-term expediency.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There may be occasions when a particular Development Team member is considered to be the only person who can solve a problem outside of their immediate product development responsibilities; as long as this is to be a short-term (1 to 3 days) commitment, it is allowable but their reduced development capacity must be reflected in the Team’s expected velocity. If this situation is a common occurrence, it is a significant impediment to the Team’s progress and the Scrum Master must escalate the impediment to the Product Owner.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Lack of cross functional teams –</strong></b><span> In the waterfall model of product development, the ‘team’ is not constant throughout the development:</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Lack of cross functional teams" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517048676732-dce42f022dc7?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The team member skills are different for each ‘phase’ of the waterfall development process, whereas with Scrum we require all necessary skills to be available at all times throughout the development:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>As in Distractions above, the Scrum Master must work with the organisation resource allocators to ensure that Scrum Development Teams are composed of members with all the necessary skills for the development all of the time.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Old HR Systems – </strong></b><span>The traditional HR system for compensating employees is based on the individual; their skills, their seniority, their responsibilities. This is particularly true of ‘Performance Related Pay’; it is a competitive system.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>We expect Scrum Development Teams to be self-organising, cross-functional and work in a collaborative manner; traditional HR systems are an impediment to this goal.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Scrum Master must work with the HR department to make them more Agile. There is a good article from the Agile Alliance, Practicing Agility in Human Resources, to help with this HR coaching.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">ScrumBut –</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The ‘mechanics’ of Scrum are relatively easy to implement but it is implementing the Agile values from the Agile Manifesto, the Agile Principles and the Scrum values from the Scrum Guide that make Scrum work; these values are principles are the hardest part of Scrum to implement because they require an organisational culture change. Many organisations implement the Scrum ‘mechanics’ and ignore the values and principles and then wonder why this ‘Agile thing’ is not working.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It is not possible to change an organisations whole culture overnight!</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It is recommended that the Scrum Master, during the early stages of an organisational transformation, focus their ‘culture changing’ efforts on the stakeholders directly involved with a single product development.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Some may be sceptical so the Scrum Master may have to spend a significant amount of mentoring time with them.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Even though the Scrum Master may explain the implications of Scrum to sceptical stakeholders (and developers in some cases), some people do not believe until they see the results. Be prepared to answer all the sceptical people’s questions but do not let them introduce non-Agile practices.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Late Attendance in Meetings –</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In ‘traditional’ organisations where there are many meetings, many required meeting attendees get bored and turn up late because they know that the early Agenda items probably have nothing to do with them.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Do not hold meetings!</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Do not have Agendas!</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When more than two people are required to discuss a topic or make decisions, hold a facilitated workshop. Although some say that a facilitated workshop should have an Agenda, the word ‘Agenda’ still indicates to some that a facilitated workshop is just another name for a meeting. Instead, have clear workshop objectives which are tightly focused around a single topic so that all workshop invitees are motivated to attend on time.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>For those people who still consistently turn up late, the Scrum Master must individually mentor the person as to why it is important for them to be on time:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They may miss something of importance to themselves.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They may miss something that their input to the discussion would be vital</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Asking to recap what has been discussed in their absence wastes other peoples’ time</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Blocked Work – </strong></b><span>The development Team will rely on people who are non-team members for information or reviewing of work before they can move on. Sometimes these people consider their primary responsibilities to be more important than their product development contribution or their supervisors do not allow them the necessary time.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>This results in ‘blocked work’ and will probably be ‘reported’ during the daily Scrum.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Scrum Master, as the Risks and Issues manager, must work with the affected developer to resolve the problem and if the resolution is not successful, he/she must escalate the problem to the Product Owner (PO) who may have to use their seniority and company politics to resolve the problem themselves.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Remember that the PO is solely responsible for ensuring the best business value emanates from the product development; blocked work reduces business value.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Supplier Issues – </strong></b><span>Similar to Blocked Work above, the Development Team may have to rely on parts of the product development solution that they have to integrate with being supplied by other teams; these teams may be internal or external to the organisation.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The suppliers may or may not be using Agile or specifically Scrum for their development work.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The other teams may deliver their parts late with respect to the plans or the delivered part may not be of suitable quality.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Solution:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The process for dealing with Supplier Issues will probably be different between ‘internal’ and ‘external’ suppliers.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>For ‘internal’ suppliers, the first action would be for the Scrum Master to discuss the problem the Project Manager or Scrum Master of the ‘internal’ team</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>For ‘external’ suppliers, the first action would be for the Scrum Master to approach that part of the organisation that let the contract to discover the dispute process and to follow that</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In both cases, if resolution is not possible and given that there is Programme Management in place, the Scrum Master should escalate the problem to the PO and facilitate the problem resolution with the Programme Management.</span><br><br><span>A longer-term solution to minimise Supplier Issues is for the organisation to have all ‘internal’ suppliers using Agile techniques and only use Agile Contracts for engaging ‘external’ suppliers; you can find more information about </span><a href="blog/agile/agile-contracts-of-work-must-haves" target="_blank" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Agile Contracts at Agile Contracts or Agile Statement of Work - Must-Haves</span></a><span> and </span><a href="https://34slpa7u66f159hfp1fhl9aur1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Agile-Contracts.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nowollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Agile Contracts - The Foundation of Successful Partnering</span></a><span>.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">71. What are the techniques to analyse impediments in depth?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US"><strong><em>This question is a regular feature in Agile Scrum interview questions, be ready to tackle it.</em></strong></span><em><strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p>It is often tempting to see the immediate symptoms of a problem and fix things so that these symptoms disappear, only to see different symptoms appear later for a related problem.</p><p>To successfully solve problems, we must get to the root cause of the problem, so-called Root Cause Analysis (RCA).</p><p>The following are popular techniques used to carry out RCA:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Brainstorming</strong></li></ul><p>Brainstorming the RCA relies on several people producing their thoughts and feeding off other people’s thoughts in order to converge on the probable root cause of the problem.</p><p>It is a relatively unstructured technique for RCA and it can be difficult to see the root cause amongst a great deal of data.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The 5 Whys</strong></li></ul><p>The 5-Whys technique is possibly the simplest RCA technique; it is a little like an annoying 5-year old asking question after question to the answers you give them. &nbsp;Essentially, the RCA workshop facilitator keeps asking “why” until an apparent problem root cause is discovered.</p><p>Generally, a minimum of 5 ‘Why?’ questions are asked, although sometimes more or less may be needed. &nbsp;For example:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Problem</strong> - the vehicle will not start<ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Why?</strong> - The battery is dead</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Why?&nbsp;</strong>- The alternator is not functioning</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Why?</strong> - &nbsp;The alternator belt has broken</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Why?</strong> - &nbsp;The alternator belt was well beyond its useful service life and not replaced</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Why?</strong> - The vehicle was not maintained according to the recommended service schedule</li></ul></li></ul><p>This example could be extended to discover why the vehicle had not been maintained properly; the root cause could be that the need for regular servicing was unknown; the questions go on until the group agrees that a fixable cause has been found.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Flowcharting</strong></li></ul><p>Flowcharting can help discover problems about a process in a graphical manner; a group of people affected by the problem will chart the supposed ‘As-Is’ process to see where the problem has arisen:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Someone does not know that they have responsibilities in the process</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A vital step in the process has been left out or is not being ‘run’</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A step in the process is producing incorrect output</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Fishbone Diagrams</strong></li></ul><p>A Fishbone or Ishikawa Diagram is most useful when the “5 Whys” technique is considered to be too basic. In a Fishbone Diagram, the various causes are grouped into categories, with arrows in the image indicating how the causes flow toward the problem; categories used in the diagram are not pre-defined but common categories include equipment, processes or methods, measurements, materials, environment, and people.</p><p>This type of RCA seeks to understand the possible causes by asking questions such as “what actually happened,” “when,” “where,” “why,” “how,” and “so what” until a possible cause is identified and the consequences and significance is investigated further for each category; for example:</p><p><img alt="Fishbone Diagrams" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1501504905252-473c47e087f8?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Affinity diagrams</strong></li></ul><p>An Affinity Diagram is a tool that gathers large amounts of language data (ideas, opinions, issues) and organizes them into groupings based on their natural relationships. &nbsp;The Affinity process is often used to group ideas generated by Brainstorming.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">72. When might Scaling Scrum not be a good idea?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The senior management of some (if not many) large organisations, having accepted the ideas behind Agile and knowing that the one-team Scrum framework is inadequate for their organisation, try to go straight from a traditional organisation to a ‘Scaled Scrum’ organisation.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Those that have tried this have hit severe cultural problems and perceive that ‘Agile does not do what it says on the tin’.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Implementing the cultural changes required for single-Team Scrum is difficult enough; the problems with trying to implement the cultural changes required for ‘Scaled Scrum” are exponentially more difficult.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The following is advice about when not to scale Scrum:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Don’t try to scale when you are first starting out –</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When beginning the agile journey, it’s critical that you start small and master the basics. Introducing a large enterprise framework with multiple dependencies presents a steep change curve and typically requires extensive investment.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In the early stages, you will reap greater benefits if you focus on developing the core agile principles and Scrum Values</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Work on developing a good backlog, meeting commitments, reaching a standard velocity, and achieving high-quality output.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Additionally, starting small creates excitement, focuses on quick wins and learning more nimbly.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Don’t start before you have nailed the basics –</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>You may have reached the stage where you have multiple Scrum teams, that are working well in a Scrum environment and have started introducing larger epics that could benefit from being split across multiple teams.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This may seem like a natural point in the journey where you may start to ask whether you are ready to scale.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Before taking that leap, it is strongly recommended to optimise your current Scrum teams and Agile processes; really concentrate on strengthening your base in order to maximize throughput and ROI—instead of trying to build the product-development processes that you will need for Scrum at scale.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If you are at this point in your Agile journey, take a look at implementing test-driven development, continuous integration and deployment (not included in the Scrum Guide) and meeting commitments on a regular cadence.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Don’t do it just to do it –</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scaling Scrum has become incredibly popular in many industries; SAFe is a buzzword in the agile community; companies that are truly ready for enterprise frameworks are getting major rewards from them but that by itself is not a sufficiently good reason to move to an enterprise framework.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The transition from team-level Scrum processes to an enterprise framework requires a significant investment in change management. The move should be well thought-out and cautiously approached. If you have specific problems that scaling can solve, lay them out with an advisor and see if the journey is worth the investment.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When you’re ready, know that enterprise frameworks are tried and true tools that have delivered tremendous benefits for many organizations but you have to be at the right point in your journey to take advantage of these tools.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">73. How can inter-team dependencies be handled when Scaling Scrum?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US"><strong><em>Expect to come across this popular question in SAFe Scrum interview questions.</em></strong></span><em><strong><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</strong></em></p><p>When a product is being developed by multiple Scrum teams, it is recommended that there be 1 Product Backlog (PB) that all the Teams draw from to produce their own Sprint Backlogs.</p><p>It is probable that 1 Team may be dependent on an output from another Team before they can develop a particular Product Backlog Item (PBI); for example:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Suppose that part of the product being developed requires a customer to pay for goods/services; we may have a User Story as a PBI something like this:</li></ul><p style="text-align:center"><strong>“As a customer</strong></p><p style="text-align:center"><strong>I need to pay for my goods/services</strong></p><p style="text-align:center"><strong>So that the company will send them to me”</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">At some point in the development, it is realized that there are so many ways to pay (credit card, debit card, PayPal, WorldPay etc) that the User Story could not be completed by 1 Team in 1 Sprint; ie it is an Epic.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It is decided to split the User Story above into 1 User Story for each payment method.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It is decided that the MVP for the next release includes paying by credit card and paying by PayPal.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">It is further decided that Team A will develop all the common elements of payment as part of developing the ‘Pay by Credit Card’ functionality and Team B will develop the ‘Pay by PayPal’ functionality, which will use some or all of the common payment elements.</li></ul><p>Clearly, Team B has a dependency on Team A such that Team B cannot start their part of the payment functionality until Team A has completed their part.</p><p>When Scaling Scrum, the aim of Release Planning is to minimize the inter-team dependencies; it is improbable that all inter-team dependencies can be eliminated.</p><p>The following are some of the ways that inter-team dependencies could be handled:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>User Story Mapping and Minimal Marketable Features (MMF)</strong></li></ul><p>MMF is the group of features that make up the MVP.</p><p>The Release Plan may be developed using the following steps:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ensure that all candidate features and User Stories/Epics are decomposed to manageable sized User Stories.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Assign User Stories to the MVP.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Assign User Stories to potential Team Sprint Backlogs keeping in mind any dependencies.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Highlight dependencies</li></ul><p>For the payment example above, you may end up with a Release Plan Board and proposed Team Sprint plans that look something like:</p><p><img alt="Possible Release and Sprints Plans" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1614064000300-47b2c5dc44bd?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p style="text-align:center">Possible Release and Sprints Plans</p><p>You can see that all Release MMF are planned to be finished by the end of Sprint 2 leaving Sprint 3 to cater for any overruns.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Team Structuring</strong></li></ul><p>With the advent of Component-Based Development (CBD), some organized their development teams into Component Teams and Product Teams that ‘glued’ together the necessary components.</p><p>If this continued into an Agile environment, then each ‘product’ development team would be dependent on separate component teams, and the required coordination would be an onerous task.</p><p>In an Agile environment, it is recommended to have ‘Feature Teams’; 1 Team should be responsible for the end-to-end development of all of a Feature’s User Stories. &nbsp;</p><p>This does not preclude the reuse of components; part of the organisation’s Design Strategy would require that a separate (possibly non-Agile) Component Management Team (CMT) reviews the output of the Development Teams to see if there is any functionality that could be componentised; the CMT are responsible for componentising the functionality and maintaining a Component Library.</p><p>Before writing any code, the Development Team search the Component Library for any components that would be useful.</p><p><img alt="Component Teams" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1510511459019-1d227f4220b3?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p style="text-align:center">Component Teams</p><p><img alt="Feature Teams" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522071820081-009f0129c71c?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p style="text-align:center">Feature Teams</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Scrum of Scrum Workshops</strong></li></ul><p>Scrum of Scrum meetings are conducted at regular intervals, probably at least once per week, to track dependencies among scrum teams.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Use Kanban/Scrum Boards to Visualize Dependencies</strong></li></ul><p>Dependency threads or tags may be used for the visualization of dependencies among features and/or teams.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Use a Central Dependency Team for Large Enterprise Programs</strong></li></ul><p>As part of Agile programme management, “independent” dependency teams may be used to track inter-team dependencies, blockers, and external dependencies and ensure they are taken to closure.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">74. What formats can be used to scale Scrum Events?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>When scaling Scrum, many of the Scrum Events/Ceremonies need to be run with all programme Teams and, sometimes, all product stakeholders present.</p><p>This obviously requires a larger than normal space but the format used is important as well to maximise the value of the ‘workshops’; for example, for a Sprint Review where several Teams are ‘show-casing’ what they have produced, it would be boring for the stakeholders just to sit through multiple presentations and demonstrations especially if there are features being reviewed that they have no immediate interest in.</p><p>Scaled Scrum Events/Ceremonies are best run if everyone is co-located or can travel to the Event. &nbsp;This is not always possible or economical for organisations that have programme Development Teams and stakeholders scattered around the world.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Overall Programme Scrum Event Process</strong></li></ul><p>The overall Programme Scrum Event process is similar for both non-co-located and co-located Events:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">All participants attend an opening session where the objectives and specific process for the workshop are explained</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Depending on the needs of the workshop, all participants may stay ‘together’ for the whole workshop (unusual) or ‘break-out’ sessions may be held that focus on specific workshop topics; anybody may attend a ‘break-out’ session if the topic is of interest to them</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If ‘break-out sessions are used, then it is usual for all participants to come ‘together’</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">At least once during the Event for ‘catch-up’ and information sharing. &nbsp;There may be discussion about altering the Event process</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Toward the end of the Event for ‘catch-up’, information sharing and conclusion purposes</li></ol><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Non-Co-Located Programme</strong></li></ul><p>For non-co-located Teams and stakeholders, use should be made of tele-conferencing and video-conferencing technology.</p><p>Scheduling of combined and ‘break-out’ sessions can be difficult if the Teams and stakeholders are in widely different time zones; what would normally be a half-day Event may have to become a full day or even a day and a half.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Co-Located Programme</strong></li></ul><p>For a co-located programme and stakeholders, it is essential that the ‘main room’ is big enough to hold all participants and is equipped with white boards and flip charts. &nbsp;If the room is really large, then a big screen and PA system may be required</p><p>The ‘break-out’ sessions may be held in the same room; some or all may be held in readily accessible smaller rooms.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>‘Big-Room’ Formats</strong></li></ul><p>The detail of how the ‘big-room’ Events may be run and facilitated vary but the 2 most common are <a href="https://www.scrum.org/resources/blog/open-space-and-scrum" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Open Space</a> and <a href="http://www.theworldcafe.com/key-concepts-resources/world-cafe-method/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">World Cafe</a>.</p><p>The following are how the ‘standard’ Overall Programme Scrum Event Process may be configured for specific Events:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Release Planning</strong></li></ul><p>For one-Team Scrum we would only plan a Sprint at the beginning of a Sprint wherever we are in the Release cycle but for a programme, the stakeholders will need to have some idea what will be in the Release and the Teams need to produce outline Sprint Plans so that dependencies between Teams may be discovered, minimized and planned for.</p><p>Before the joint planning session, the Programme Manager will have worked with the relevant stakeholders to set a Release Goal and select potential features for the Release ordered by business value.</p><p>At the start the start of the Event the Programme Manager may allocate potential Release features to Teams or the Teams can volunteer for them.</p><p>The Teams, aided by relevant stakeholders, will go into concurrent ‘break-out’ sessions to decompose the features into User Stories and estimate the total effort required for each feature; this activity should be timeboxed to reduce the risk of the Teams going into too much detail.</p><p>The Teams will come together to see each other’s list of User Stories, to identify dependencies and distribute User Stories so that the effort is spread evenly between Teams.</p><p>The Teams then go back into ‘break-outs’ and produce an outline Sprint plan for each Sprint in the Release.</p><p>Finally, everybody comes together to produce/update the Release Plan Board with the outline Team Sprint Plans to ensure that the highest value User Stories will be developed first and that inter-Team dependencies have been catered for.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Sprint Planning</strong></li></ul><p>Some Programme Teams hold their individual Sprint Planning in the same space but separately and then ‘compare notes’ toward the end of the session to ensure that dependencies have been identified and catered for.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Daily Scrums</strong></li></ul><p>Some co-located Programme Scrum Teams hold the daily Scrums at the same time and in the same space but separately, then each team summarises any highlights to the other Teams.</p><p>Other organisations hold their Team daily Scrums as ‘normal’ and the Scrum Masters have their own ‘daily Scrum of Scrums’ at a convenient time.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Sprint Reviews</strong></li></ul><p>A programme Sprint Review involves all Teams and all relevant stakeholders so the large space is needed for a co-located programme.</p><p>The workshop starts with the Programme Manager summarising what has gone on in the Sprint then the stakeholders attend as many Team demonstrations and hands-on trying of functionality as ‘break-outs’, held either in the same space or readily accessible ‘break-out’ rooms.</p><p>There are usually white boards and/or flip-charts available for stakeholders to make notes about things that they would like to be discussed toward the end of the Review when everybody comes together again.</p><p>The final ‘all-together’ session also includes the Programme Manager asking the stakeholders if there are any features/User Stories that need to be added to the Product Backlog; if there is anything that needs to be deleted from the Product Backlog and if the current ordering is still viable.</p><p>For non-co-located Teams and Stakeholders, the individual ‘break-outs’ can be run as concurrent timeboxed ‘webinars’ at scheduled times throughout the Review session; each Team running several ‘webinars’ to allow as many stakeholders the chance to ‘login’.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Sprint Retrospectives</strong></li></ul><p>Although each Programme Scrum Team may hold their own Sprint Retrospective, it is important that a Programme Sprint Retrospective is held.</p><p>A Programme Sprint Retrospective follows the Overall Programme Scrum Event Process described above; the opening session is used to identify the good and bad things about how the programme is running and choosing the most important issues that need to be addressed.</p><p>Each ‘break-out’ session focuses on one area of issues and any members for any Team attempt to find the root cause of the issue and devise resolution plans.</p><p>There may be an interim coming together to discuss progress so far and maybe add to or subtract from the list of issues to be discussed in a second ‘break-out’ session.</p><p>During the final coming together, the results of the ‘break-out’ sessions are discussed and plans are devised to resolve the most important issues.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">75. What techniques can I use to effect change in an organisation to help Scrum Teams be more productive?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">It's no surprise that this one pops up often in situational interview questions for Scrum.</strong></b></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scrum team productivity is difficult, if not impossible, to measure for a single team and definitely impossible when comparing the productivity of different teams.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The metric that Scrum teams usually use to help them plan Sprints is the Development team velocity; some ‘managers’ believe that team productivity is directly linked to team velocity; the higher the velocity, the higher the productivity.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Velocity is team, product, and time specific and should only be used to aid Sprint planning.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The value that a Development team is delivering per Sprint cannot be used as a measure of productivity either; by its very nature, a team will deliver higher value at the start of the product development because they will be working on higher value User Stories.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Increasing Scrum team productivity can only come from ensuring that the fundamental ‘rules’ and ‘values’ of Agile and Scrum are being followed.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The following are the main areas of organizational change that will help improve Scrum Team productivity:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Senior Management Awareness and Involvement – In the 2015 State of Scrum Report it was stated that:</span></li></ul><blockquote class="CertTheme__quote" dir="ltr"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>“Respondents report that senior management sponsorship and support is far and away the most important factor in adopting Scrum.”</span></p></blockquote><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>AND</span></p><blockquote class="CertTheme__quote" dir="ltr"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>“… though senior management support is considered critical in Scrum adoption, only 7% of respondents reported that as visible in their organizations.”</span></p></blockquote><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The need for senior management Agile awareness and involvement in product development is that Scrum Teams are not isolated ‘islands’ in the organization; they have to interact with other parts of the organization that may resist changes to their work practices for the Scrum Teams to be productive.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The motivation for these other organization parts to adapt must come from senior management.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>As an example, an Agile Team was formed to implement a new process to get connecting passengers from one aircraft to another, especially if the inbound flight was delayed. The new process involved the development of a new IT system, and the team planned to release increments of the new software monthly.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>However, when it came to the first release, the team discovered that there was an organizational process that required 2 months before ‘desktop ready’ software could be made ‘live’.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The problem was resolved eventually by allowing the team to have a ‘fast-track’ release process, but the resolution took a month of discussions with the management of 3 other divisions within the organization.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When an Agile/Scrum transition starts, it is important to discover all the stakeholders, at whatever level in the organization, that can influence the early team’s productivity and ensure that they understand the possible implications to them and their subordinates of the Agile transition.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Mark Levison suggests one way of coping with the necessary senior management ‘education’ in his blog, Taking Organizational Improvement with Scrum Seriously; he proposes a ‘Change Management’ Scrum Team to develop the organizational change product.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Keep Teams Together – The ‘traditional’ approach to product development is to create a project, and assign the right people when they are needed throughout the project; there is never one coherent team, ie ‘bring people to projects’.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Team members in Agile have all the skills needed to complete a product development; the Team size is generally constant for the whole product development.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If we take Tuckman’s group dynamic model, all groups of people go through ‘forming’, ‘storming’ and ‘norming’ ‘phases’ before the group becomes ‘performing’; it can take a significant amount of time before the ‘performing’ stage is reached.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It, therefore, follows that once a Team has reached the ‘performing’ stage, we should keep the Team together after the product development is finished; the ability to work well together as a team is more important than any individual skill.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Keeping teams together can be characterized as ‘bring projects to teams.’ Allow the team to determine their Sprint capacity – Some Product Owners (PO) ‘cajole’ some Development Teams to take on more work in a Sprint than the Team members think is possible.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">This has 2 possible effects on individual team members:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They know it ‘won’t’ happen and that they will be blamed. They become demotivated and do not work productively.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>They try to work faster to complete the work and cut-corners, producing low quality outputs. Overall team productivity falls because of all the necessary rework later.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The team must be allowed to do their own estimation and set their own ‘comfortable’ Sprint capacity; the Team members must collectively believe that a Sprint plan will work at the end of Sprint Planning.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Do not add work during the Sprint – The aim of Sprint Planning is to set the Sprint Goal and add the relevant Product Backlog Items to the Sprint Backlog that will contribute to the Sprint Goal.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>There are still many established ‘Agile’ organizations where it is normal for Development Teams to receive extra work during the Sprint from different people, most of which do not contribute to meeting the Sprint Goal.</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>To be productive, a Development team needs to keep focused on the Sprint Goal; distractions reduce product development productivity.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Most of this extra work can be categorized as ‘fire-fighting’; there are 2 approaches to resolving this ‘problem’:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Form a ‘fire-fighting’ team to deal with ad-hoc work</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Find the root cause of why this extra work is needed and fix the root cause problem.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Allow the Team to add improvement work to the Sprint – A common management misconception about Sprint Planning is that all the chosen Sprint Backlog Items (SBI) must be completed; the total chosen SBI estimates must ‘fill’ the Team’s Sprint capacity.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Not only is this unreasonable because the effort for each SBI is only an estimate, but it also leaves no room to implement any of the improvements that were identified during the previous Sprint Retrospective.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>A reasonable agreement must be made between the PO and the Development Team for an agreed number of ‘Improvement’ Items to be added to the Sprint Backlog with a high priority.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">76. What makes Scrum 'Agile'?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>The Scrum framework is defined in <a href="https://www.scrumguides.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Scrum Guide</a>; maintained and published by <a href="https://www.scrum.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Scrum.org</a>.</p><p>To get an answer to this question you must first ask the question ’What is Agile?’.</p><p>The definition of Agile is owned by the Agile Alliance that was formed in February 2001, at Snowbird, Utah. &nbsp;The first Agile Alliance publication was the Manifesto for Agile Software Development closely followed by the 12 Principles Behind the Agile Manifesto.</p><p>So, to answer the question, the Agile Manifesto and Principles are listed below with the explanation of how the Scrum Framework implements them.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The Agile Manifesto</strong></li></ul><p>“We are uncovering better ways of developing&nbsp;software by doing it and helping others do it.&nbsp;Through this work we have come to value:</p><p>Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over contract negotiation Responding to change over following a plan That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more”© 2001, the Agile Manifesto authors.</p><p>These are the 4 Agile Values and any product development framework that purports to be ‘Agile’ must embody these Values in the specifics of the framework.</p><p><img alt="the agile manifesto statement of values" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1542744173-8e7e53415bb0?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>It is worth noting here that although the Agile Manifesto specifically talks about ‘software development’, the Agile Values and Principles can be used to develop non-software products.</p><p><strong>Agile Manifesto explanation and how Scrum embodies the Agile Values</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;1. Individuals and Interactions</strong>: &nbsp;There must be advice about how the people involved interact and communicate:</p><p>Scrum defines the roles for product development and specifies the necessary individual and group interactions. &nbsp;Although Scrum does define a product development ‘process’, it is tool agnostic.</p><p><strong>&nbsp;2. Working software</strong>: &nbsp;The product development team’s focus must be on producing working increments of the proposed product and not in documenting what has or needs to be done:</p><p>The Scrum framework proposes a minimalist list of required ‘documentation’.</p><p><strong>&nbsp;3. Customer Collaboration</strong>: &nbsp;The best results for product development come when all those involved work together as one ‘team’ to solve problems whether they be business or technical people and whether they are internal or external to the product development organisation:</p><p>Scrum defines a Scrum Team that includes business and technical people.</p><p><strong>&nbsp;4. Responding to change</strong>: &nbsp;The major drawback to ‘waterfall’ processes is that they recommend obtaining all detailed requirements before development starts and create the development plan; ‘contracts’ are set in place and organisations think that they have a high degree of functional, time and cost predictability. &nbsp;However, as we all know, the development team discover hitherto unforeseen problems and the business change their minds. To cope with this situation, ‘waterfall’ processes introduced ‘Change Procedures’ which became bureaucratic and time wasting.</p><p>Scrum uses a high-level ‘requirements list, the Product Backlog, ordered by business value the content and ordering of which is the responsibility of the Product Owner. &nbsp;Furthermore, the Scrum framework has frequent, short events that include consideration of recommended and requested changes to the Product Backlog.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The Agile Principles</strong></li></ul><p><strong></strong></p><div class="next-image-styles my-4"><strong><img alt="The Agile Principles" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1544197150-b99a580bb7a8?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></strong></div><p></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.<br></strong>The Scrum framework recommends that product development takes place with short, 2 to 3-week development periods, Sprints, that result in a working increment of the required product.<br>If appropriate, the increment may be released to the live environment at the end of a Sprint or the increments from several Sprints may be released together at 2 to 3-month intervals.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change</strong> for the customer's competitive advantage.<br>The Scrum framework recommends that the product development requirements defined before development begins are of the lowest level of detail of the names of the business processes necessary for the product; they are ordered by business value.<br>At regular intervals, at least once in every Sprint, consideration is given to requested changes to the requirements and ordering. &nbsp;The result is that the highest business value is achieved in any given timeframe.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale.<br></strong>See Principle 1 above.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.<br></strong>Scrum defines a short, 15-minute, daily event called the Scrum, when all Development Team members, both business and technical and whether full or part-time, come together to state what was done during the previous day and what is planned to do for the next day. &nbsp;Also stated are any problems that individual members are facing.<br>Any discussion of ‘matters arising’ from the daily Scrum event are conducted after the Scrum has ended.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need and trust them to get the job done.<br></strong>The Scrum framework does not recognise the term ‘project’ preferring to focus on product development which may be more open-ended than the concept of a project.<br>However, Scrum does implement the spirit of this Principle in that it recommends appropriate empowerment to the Scrum Team and encourages cross-functional, self-organising Development Teams; the day-to day work of the Development Team is the sole responsibility of the Team and not a ‘project manager.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation.<br></strong>The Scrum framework defines all the &nbsp;events when the Scrum Team and stakeholders must come together to plan, refine and review the work and to reflect on the detail of the day-to-day activities being followed; it suggests that these are done in face-to-face environments.<br>However, much of today’s product development involves people in geographically dispersed locations and it is financially and culturally prohibitive to gather all required people at 1 location.<br>Although not part of the Scrum Guide, most Scrum practitioners take advantage of the abundant video-conferencing and desktop sharing facilities available from secure internet environments.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Working software is the primary measure of progress.<br></strong>The Scrum framework requires that the product increment requirements that are developed in a Sprint must pass the quality criteria defined in a ‘Definition of Done’ to be considered complete and fit for demonstration to stakeholders.<br>Organisational product development progress is measured by the number of requirements that have been completed; task and activity progress, if used, is the sole responsibility of the Development Team and is not published to persons outside of the Development Team.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.<br></strong>The Scrum Guide does not mention sustainable development specifically.<br>However, it is part of the Scrum Master’s responsibilities to remove impediments to the Development Team’s progress; one such impediment may be that the Development Team as a whole, individual team members and/or stakeholders may be working too hard.<br>It is a proven fact that productivity reduces when people are stressed and tired. &nbsp;The Scrum Master must look-out for signs of ‘overwork’ in those involved in the product development and help overcome the problem.<br>In this way, the Scrum Master can promote sustainable development.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.<br></strong>The Scrum Guide does not mention technical excellence or good design specifically.<br>However, the Guide does require that only “Done” requirements can be demonstrated to stakeholders. &nbsp;The ‘Definition of Done’, the checklist of criteria that defines when a requirement is “Done”, will vary from product to product and organisation to organisation but will most probably include technical excellence and good design criteria.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Simplicity--the art of maximizing the amount of work not done--is essential.<br></strong>This is a widely misunderstood Principle but essentially means ‘only do today what is essential to do today’. &nbsp;For example, is it essential to gather all of the detailed requirements before development work begins? The answer is no; we gather the most important requirements at a high-level of detail; these may change over time and the time taken getting the details ‘up-front’ will be wasted.<br>All of the aspects of the Scrum Guide embody a minimalist approach to the amount of work to be done.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.<br></strong>Scrum requires the use of cross-functional, empowered and self-organising teams.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behaviour accordingly.<br></strong>The Scrum Guide defines the Sprint Retrospective event where the Scrum Team inspects itself and creates a plan for improvements to be enacted during the next Sprint.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">77. What is an acceptance criteria?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Acceptance criteria are sets of statements with clear pass and fail result that specify both functional and nonfunctional requirements of the user story. It acts as a guiding force for the developer to know on what basis their delivery would be evaluated for completion and correctness. Acceptance criteria is a set of expectations end user has from a certain feature or a user story. It is the responsibility of Product owner to create the acceptance criteria after talking to the customer.</p><p><strong>For example:&nbsp;</strong></p><p>As a teacher, I want to generate the assessment report so that I can evaluate the student performance. Acceptance criteria could be:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Show the student current assessment report</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Show student past score</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Provide the option to share /save/ print.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Display error message if the service is not working. (If the team chooses error message as a part of the definition of done, it could be omitted from the acceptance criteria)</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">78. How is an acceptance criterion different from the Definition of Done?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">A common question in Scrum interview questions, don't miss this one.</strong></b></i></p><div class="overflow-x-auto mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-6 max-w-full"><table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Definition of Done</span></p></th><th class="CertTheme__tableCell CertTheme__tableCellHeader" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start;background-color:rgb(242, 243, 245)"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Acceptance Criteria</span></p></th></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It applies to all the product backlog items.</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It applies to specific product backlog item as it clarifies one item.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Development team owns definition of done and it is agreed and understood by the complete scrum team.</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Product owner owns Acceptance criteria and the development team should understand them.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It does not change very frequently, not expected to change during the sprint.</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Acceptance criteria are negotiable between product owner and development team.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Meeting the Definition of Done means meeting the acceptance criteria.</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Just meeting acceptance criteria not necessarily means that the definition of done has also been met.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It serves the purpose of making the unambiguous understanding that any product backlog item can be declared complete.</span></p></td><td class="CertTheme__tableCell" style="border:1px solid black;width:175px;vertical-align:top;text-align:start"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It serves the purpose of clarifying the business requirements and conditions, which must be met to satisfy the users for a given requirement.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">79. Would it bother you if your Scrum Master suggests a course of action concerning product development? Alternatively, Can a Scrum master pitch in regarding Product Development ideas and suggestions?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>A Product owner’s primary responsibility is to make sure that the incremental delivery provides continuous and sustainable value to the customer and a Scrum master’s primary job is to make sure that Scrum team adheres to Agile principle and Value on a daily basis.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There can be times when Scrum team or a Scrum Master want to provide ideas/suggestions with respect to product development.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In such cases, the discussions should be done in a professional and peaceful manner to evaluate if the suggestions are actually going to help everyone [including team, PO, Scrum master and Customer].</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The discussion can be based on Earned value management concepts, Scrum Values or Agile principles to correct the direction project is taking or make required improvements.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>So, the short answer is, suggestions and ideas should not bother anyone and they should be done in a peaceful, professional manner.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="professional manner" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1504868584819-f8e8b4ecca53?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">80. What is Product Discovery process?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p><img alt="Product Discovery process" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1461749280684-dccba630e2f6?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>Product discovery means, identifying what are the points, features and functionalities that are going to be useful to the customer, generate revenue and be realistic in terms of delivery. This requires the plans to be continuously updated and modified keeping in line with the latest feedback from end users. So this iterative process is known as Product discovery.</p><p><img alt="Product Discovery process" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1461749280684-dccba630e2f6?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p><strong>Product discovery process can be explained in the following manner:</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Organizing workshops with the end users and customers to understand their pain points and kind of solutions they are looking for</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Usage of techniques such as wireframes, personas and user stories to help them relate with the proposed product functionality</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">With help of incremental delivery, gathering customer feedback to know which of the features they truly liked and which ones they prefer to receive in the next release is also an important step</li></ul><p>This way, product discovery remains an ongoing process during the project duration.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">81. Do you think Scrum adequately addresses the product discovery process?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Yes; Scrum or any other Agile methodology are designed to address the product discover process. There is no doubt about this.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">82. At what stage do you involve the Scrum team in the product discovery process and what are its benefits?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The sooner the Scrum team gets involved, the better it is.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Because Scrum team can also provide view about technical feasibility, cost and risk related estimates that can help the PO or Sponsor have a meaningful conversation with the customer.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It creates a better understanding of the customer pain points to the Scrum team so they get motivated to pick up the most challenging problems for the initial sprints</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">83. How do you organize a Scrum team's collaboration with stakeholders and improve it over time?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Product Owner should arrange for a regular meeting between stakeholders and the team. The Team can ask the questions related to the requirements and get them clarified. These could be related to UI format or any technical risks. Sometimes when the stakeholders and product owners have difficulty in deciding the priority of the user stories but during discussion session with a team which consists of different skill set will be able to decide based on technical debt or some other hardware issues, which stories can be of high priority and can be delivered in the next sprint.</p><p>User story mapping workshop is very important and should be arranged with the help of the Product Owner and Scrum Master.</p><p>Sprint reviews and demos, release demos, and user interviews are also good venues for improving collaboration between the Scrum team and stakeholders. Communication and transparency are the keys to achieve collaboration. Wireframes, personas also can be used for better collaboration</p><p><img alt="Scrum team’s collaboration with stakeholders" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517245386807-bb43f82c33c4?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">84. How do you ensure the Scrum Team will be working on the most valuable user stories?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Business stakeholders and others as relevant must be invited to the Sprint Planning meeting to get the necessary clarity on business value. Business value should be identified as a part of the Product roadmap planning exercise that happens ideally even before the project is taken up for execution.&nbsp;</p><p>It is the responsibility of the Product owner to update the business value of the user stories in the required table or the fields. Then high value stories should be discussed and planned over releases and sprints.</p><p>The estimation from scrum team helps in spreading those high value items over a reasonable period of time and if needed, they can be broken down into smaller pieces and hence deliver sustainable value to the customer over a period of time.</p><p>During execution, the information radiators and daily scrum serve as an indicator on whether the team is progressing as per commitment and in the right direction.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">85. You are pushing for an important user story to be selected for the next sprint. Unfortunately, the final designs are missing but the designers promise to deliver no more than two days in to the sprint. The Scrum Master, however, rejects the story because the 'Definition of Ready' has not been achieved. What can you do?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Technically speaking, Scrum master is correct and this user story is not a candidate for the current sprint. So your first response should be to see if you can move this story to the next spring and work with the designer to not delay from next time onwards.</p><p>But suppose, the final designs will be easy to understand and will be in line with the scope of work agreed with the team then you can discuss with team and Scrum master to complete the remaining tasks with in the story in first 2 days by that time, designs will be ready and they can continue.</p><p>So finally, It boils down to being Agile, adapting with the given situation while making sure that Agile principles are not diluted and team is not pressured into doing something they did not sign up for.</p><p>Even, the final decision will lie with the Scrum team and not with the Product owner.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">86. Your Scrum Team regularly estimates user stories at the upper end of the possible range. You believe they are playing safe, creating buffers for rainy days. How do you address this?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There are multiple estimation techniques such as Planning poker, Affinity, wideband Delphi, expert judgement, PERT Weighted average that help in arriving at the reasonable and correct estimates. Please use these techniques in a workshop and work with the Scrum master as well to make sure these activities are done in true essence.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">87. What kind of situations lead to Scrum team giving false or higher or safe estimates rather than giving most realistic estimates?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Reasons could be:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Scrum team doesn’t trust the scrum process and feels pressurized every time.</strong></li></ul><p>The Product Owner and Scrum Master should analyze the issue and discuss with each team member individually or in Retrospective meetings. Make them understand the Scrum process and encourage them to again trust their process and their own estimates.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Lack of clarity of user stories.</strong></li></ul><p>There are scenarios where a team doesn’t have any clarity on user stories, as a result of which they add more estimates to the user story during the sprint planning meeting. The Product Owner and the team should own the responsibility of getting the clarity of user stories. The team should ask as many questions as they can to start work on the user stories.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Field issues or other unplanned work</strong></li></ul><p>Sometimes the team is working on current sprint but there is unplanned work which might come as the same team is working on the same. Ideally, it should not be but have seen this practically.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>User stories have technical debt</strong></li></ul><p>User stories have some technical debt example technology not defined, database storage etc. during implementation which tools to be used. In these conditions team sometimes estimate higher. The solution could be these could be treated as part of Definition of Ready state or take them as a spike user story.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>The team is not experienced in estimating stories</strong></li></ul><p>When a team moves from the waterfall model to the scrum process, they may estimate it higher as they are new to the process. Training on Agile estimation techniques will be helpful.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Dependency on other activities</strong></li></ul><p>Sometimes the team may estimate higher thinking that to do one particular task there is a dependency on other team or some vendors. &nbsp;Example-Purchase of hardware or License to some tool which is used for development etc.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">88. Share some examples from your current or previous projects where you increased the chances of delivering a high value product and how you did it?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Few things you could mention based on your experience in addition to the things mentioned below.</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>First and foremost, we should clearly know which items in the backlog are the most valuable</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>So have workshops and scenario based discussions with customers and end users to gather that insight</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Then work with Scrum team to make sure the estimates for those top value items is clearly known and understood</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Then plan the releases, sprints in the way that valuable items are lined up smoothly across the sprints</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Have regular connects with teams, designers etc. to make sure they understand the scenario, need and value of those items</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>View the burn down and release charts more frequently in front of the team so that can also understand where they are.</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Define Definition of Ready and Definition of Done in collaboration with the team.</span></li><li value="8" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Collaboration and transparency are the keys to success in Scrum.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">89. What is the role of Sashimi in Scrum methodology?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The concept of Sashimi means delivering the software in thin slices instead of making it a full product. As scrum follows the software development in iterative and incremental <strong>sashimi</strong> is one way of doing it.</p><p>Using this technique, all the requirements such as analysis, designing, coding, testing and documentation that are used in the constitution of a product are checked.</p><p><strong>How does that work:</strong></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The first client will give us the requirement to build ‘thin slice’ of functionality example build a salmon, to start first we build a little bit of bone, muscles and skin etc. and add the acceptance test for it and add it to the Regression test suite and get feedback from the client.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Then we add another slice of functionality, add the acceptance test for it and add it to the Regression test suite. Refactor them, so that the difference between bones, muscles and skin are difficult to figure out.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Repeat the steps 2, till client says, yes this is what I want.</li></ol><p>Same is depicted in the diagram below.</p><p><img alt="What is the role of Sashimi in Scrum methodology?" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1451187580459-43490279c0fa?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">90. Share your experience as a Scrum Master/Product Owner/Agile team member and what were your primary responsibilities?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>The Interviewer wants to know about your experiences with Scrum master or with any other Scrum roles.</p><p>You can start with the most memorable experience of all. For example, if you want to talk about Scrum master experience then highlight your answer with the following points:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How you noticed that all team buildings go through the cycles as mentioned by Bruce Tuckman model [Forming – Storming – Norming – Performing and Adjourning]</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Mention about connecting with each team member at their level of needs using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Talk about you Coached the team about Agile processes, mindset, values and workshops for prioritization and estimation</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Explain some personal experiences where you built an empowered team.</li></ul><p><strong>If you want to talk about your role as a team member then include following points in your answer:</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">How you learnt that Agile is a mindset and not just some guidelines to be followed</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The importance of sticking to 15 minutes scrum [how it improves efficiency and focus]</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Talk about the impact of time boxing in your project and how it made productivity the norm in the team</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Share your ideas about sprint retrospectives and how they enabled open communication within the team to improve collaboration</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Most importantly, talk about Scrum values [Focus, courage, commitment, openness and respect]</li></ul><p><strong>If you are planning to talk about your role as a product owner, then your answer should include the following:</strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Product owner is the representative of the customer within the Scrum team; so your role becomes important to highlight their challenges and needs</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A PO should be well versed in estimation and prioritization techniques so Planning poker, Kano analysis, MoSCoW, Monopoly money, Relative weighing, affinity estimation should be on your fingertips</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">You should be able to focus on the importance of backlog grooming, continuously seeking feedback from customers and the engineering team.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">91. What is the biggest challenge you faced in your project while handling the Scrum team members?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>While handling the Scrum team, the challenges are varied depending on the scenario and situation. The most challenging aspect included:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Inability of the team to start thinking in Agile terms and not in waterfall model</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Handling conflicts of the team during team storming stage when conflicts escalated</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Explaining the importance of time boxing to the team and how it is not meant to confine them but to enable better planning of their time</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Aligning the team to follow the 15 minute deadline of daily scrum meeting</li></ul><p>Use any of these points to elaborate on your challenges during the interview.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">92. What’s the 2 pizza theory?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>According to the 2 Pizza theory, the team size and the meetings duration should be equal to the time required to finish 2 large pizzas. This ensures you do not overshoot the time limits and make it chaotic.</p><p>Don’t worry about the toppings and crust type. ☺</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">93. What do you recommend a newly formed Scrum team works on first?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>A newly formed Scrum team should first work on the high value items that fit within the time boxed sprint. So this requires estimation to be in place for those high value items. The sprint should be planned in such a way that team gets enough time to attend discussions, daily scrum call, engage in product discovery process and work on tasks also. So ideally, you should be estimating for 5 hours of tasks per day per person. And remaining time for other activities.</p><p>Time invested in product discovery during this time will help smoothen the future sprints and hence provide sustainable development.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">94. How do you introduce Scrum to senior executives of your company?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The intention behind this question is to check the candidate's viewpoint about how he will introduce and spread Scrum across the organization.</p><p>Like all living beings, any organization will show inertia initially to change and will be resistive. To overcome this behavior and win the executive support for your endeavor, start with showing the proposed benefits that will come by moving to Agile way of doing things.</p><p>It is important for them and you to understand that this change will not come by doing Agile projects alone; it needs to be supported by apt changes in the organization structure, process improvements, cultural change and most importantly, executive sign in.</p><p>Start by organizing series of workshops for them where they will get to work as a scrum team on dummy projects:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Show them how feedback loop can help them save wastage and cut losses</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Show them how sustainable growth and incremental product delivered after iterative cycle wins customers’ confidence and hence market share</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Show them that empowering the teams helps them retain top employees</li></ol><p>Use case studies to walk them through various companies in the world made the successful transition and the benefits they got out of that.</p><p>It is an on-going process to get their buy in first, followed by training, education, enlightenment and finally the implementation.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">95. How would you prepare to kick-off transitioning to Scrum? How would you create the first Scrum team?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The first transition is to constitute the team based on the project needs and skills needed. This needs to be supported with thorough interview process where the technical, behavioral and attitude should be analyzed if they will be the right fit for the team.</p><p>This should be followed with workshops and training and dummy projects to drive the Agile principles and Scrum values into the individuals.</p><p>In parallel, there should be team building activities that create the bonding and take the team through Forming – Storming – Norming – Performing stages; so that when the sprint actually starts, the team is already in performing stage and hence, saving precious time of team development.&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">96. How do you manage risks in Scrum projects?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Managing risks in the project is the most important activity because risks can make or break your project. In risk management, you first need to:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Identify</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Assess</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Actionize</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Review </li></ul><p>This will help you create a list of risks, their probability, impact on your project and what are the actions needed to remove or reduce the risk. This is known as one of the following strategy:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Avoid the risk: </span></strong>Remove the root cause of the risk altogether</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Mitigate the risk:</strong></span> Take some actions that will either reduce the impact or probability of the risk</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Transfer the risk:</strong></span> Take actions where a 3rd party will either help you share the risk impact in financial or other terms; such as insurance</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Accept the risk:</strong></span> This means that you have accepted the fact this risk is bound to hit your project and you prepare contingency plans for that. You ready for the situation and have the plans ready to deal with it.</li></ul><p>Now once your risk response strategy is finalized then you need to perform the expected monetary value analysis where you will multiply the risk score [impact * probability] and the project budget to get the EMV. That is the amount of money you stand to lose if this risk gets realized and share this data with your senior management for actionizing.</p><p>Using these data points and strategies, you should continuously monitor your risks and get to the success point. ☺</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">97. What are the essential engineering practices when scaling Scrum across multiple product development teams?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><i><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold CertTheme__textItalic">One of the most frequently posed Scrum interview questions, be ready for it.</strong></b></i></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Scaling Scrum involves using multiple Scrum Teams to produce increments of a ‘large’ product; this will involve more people with the potential communication problems.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Of the Agile Technical practices listed in the answer to the previous question, the following are essential technical practices when scaling Scrum:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Simple Design –</strong></b><span> the simpler the code design used by one team, the easier it will be for other Teams to understand the code if they need to modify it for their own purposes.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Test-Driven Development (TDD) – </strong></b><span>With Teams sharing the Product codebase, it is essential that any Team modifying the code produced by another Team must be able to test that their changes do not ‘break’ the original functionality or ‘interfere’ with code from any other part of the system.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The practice of TDD is the only way to ensure that a full suite of tests can be run to test the whole codebase.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Continuous Integration –</strong></b><span> with multiple Teams adding to the codebase it is essential that automated integration testing be carried out more frequently than a single Team may use. The origin of any integration errors can come from any of the Teams and build problems must be fixed as soon as possible to prevent costly bug-fixing toward the end of a Release period.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="relative"><div class="mt-spacing20 z-10 relative text-center flex justify-center mt-0"><button class="flex items-center gap-x-spacing8 py-spacing4"><span class="text-sm underline font-semibold text-mono-black">View all questions</span><i class="icon-chevron-down-double text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-800"></i></button></div><div class="absolute bottom-0 block h-32 w-full bg-gradient-to-t from-subdued/100 from-30% md:from-40%"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div><div class="sticky top-0 self-start max-h-screen overflow-y-auto w-full"><div class="w-full overflow-hidden pt-spacing32"><div class="px-spacing16 py-spacing20 rounded-xl border border-neutral-200 bg-white"><div class=""><h5 class="text-lg leading-6 text-mono-black font-bold">Want to Know More?</h5></div><form novalidate="" class="pt-spacing20 w-full"><div class="mb-spacing12"><div class=" relative  w-full  group h-11 flex direction-row justify-between rounded-lg border-none
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fill="#2E52B2" d="M0 0h256.5v190H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M47.8 141.9l-4-12.8-4.3 12.8H26.3l10.7 7.7-4 12.8 10.8-7.9 10.7 7.9-4.2-12.8 10.9-7.7zM104.2 141.9l-4.1-12.8-4.2 12.8H82.7l10.7 7.7-4.1 12.8 10.8-7.9 10.7 7.9-4-12.8 10.8-7.7zM160.6 141.9l-4.2-12.8-4 12.8h-13.5l10.9 7.7-4.2 12.8 10.8-7.9 10.9 7.9-4.2-12.8 10.8-7.7zM216.9 141.9l-4.1-12.8-4.2 12.8h-13.2l10.7 7.7-4 12.8 10.7-7.9 10.8 7.9-4.2-12.8 10.9-7.7zM100.1 78.3l-4.2 12.8H82.7L93.4 99l-4.1 12.6 10.8-7.8 10.7 7.8-4-12.6 10.8-7.9h-13.4zM43.8 78.3l-4.3 12.8H26.3L37 99l-4 12.6 10.8-7.8 10.7 7.8L50.3 99l10.9-7.9H47.8zM156.4 78.3l-4 12.8h-13.5l10.9 7.9-4.2 12.6 10.8-7.8 10.9 7.8-4.2-12.6 10.8-7.9h-13.3zM212.8 78.3l-4.2 12.8h-13.2l10.7 7.9-4 12.6 10.7-7.8 10.8 7.8-4.2-12.6 10.9-7.9h-13.4zM43.8 27.7l-4.3 12.6H26.3L37 48.2l-4 12.7L43.8 53l10.7 7.9-4.2-12.7 10.9-7.9H47.8zM100.1 27.7l-4.2 12.6H82.7l10.7 7.9-4.1 12.7 10.8-7.9 10.7 7.9-4-12.7 10.8-7.9h-13.4zM156.4 27.7l-4 12.6h-13.5l10.9 7.9-4.2 12.7 10.8-7.9 10.9 7.9-4.2-12.7 10.8-7.9h-13.3zM212.8 27.7l-4.2 12.6h-13.2l10.7 7.9-4 12.7 10.7-7.9 10.8 7.9-4.2-12.7 10.9-7.9h-13.4z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">United States +1</div></div></div><div class="bg-mono-black/8 pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#181A93" d="M17.3 0h478.4v342H17.3V0z"></path><path fill="#FFA44A" d="M0 0h513v114H0V0z"></path><path fill="#1A9F0B" d="M0 228h513v114H0V228z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 114h513v114H0V114z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="256.5" cy="171" r="34.2"></circle><path fill="#181A93" d="M256.5 216.6c-25.1 0-45.6-20.5-45.6-45.6s20.5-45.6 45.6-45.6 45.6 20.5 45.6 45.6-20.5 45.6-45.6 45.6zm0-11.4c18.2 0 34.2-16 34.2-34.2s-15.9-34.2-34.2-34.2-34.2 16-34.2 34.2 16 34.2 34.2 34.2z"></path><circle fill="#181A93" cx="256.5" cy="171" r="22.8"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">India +91</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 0h142v341.3H0zM370 0h142v341.3H370zM306.5 206l50.4-25.2-25.2-12.6V143l-50.4 25.2 25.2-50.4h-25.2L256.1 80l-25.2 37.8h-25.2l25.2 50.4-50.4-25.2v25.2l-25.2 12.6 50.4 25.2-12.6 25.2h50.4V269h25.2v-37.8h50.4z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Canada +1</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M222.2 170.7c.3-.3.5-.6.8-.9-.2.3-.5.6-.8.9zM188 212.6l11 22.9 24.7-5.7-11 22.8 19.9 15.8-24.8 5.6.1 25.4-19.9-15.9-19.8 15.9.1-25.4-24.8-5.6 19.9-15.8-11.1-22.8 24.8 5.7zM385.9 241.1l5.2 10.9 11.8-2.7-5.3 10.9 9.5 7.5-11.8 2.6v12.2l-9.4-7.6-9.5 7.6.1-12.2-11.8-2.6 9.5-7.5-5.3-10.9 11.8 2.7zM337.3 125.1l5.2 10.9 11.8-2.7-5.3 10.9 9.5 7.5-11.8 2.7v12.1l-9.4-7.6-9.5 7.6.1-12.1-11.9-2.7 9.5-7.5-5.3-10.9L332 136zM385.9 58.9l5.2 10.9 11.8-2.7-5.3 10.9 9.5 7.5-11.8 2.7v12.1l-9.4-7.6-9.5 7.6.1-12.1-11.8-2.7 9.5-7.5-5.3-10.9 11.8 2.7zM428.4 108.6l5.2 10.9 11.8-2.7-5.3 10.9 9.5 7.5-11.8 2.6V150l-9.4-7.6-9.5 7.6v-12.2l-11.8-2.6 9.5-7.5-5.3-10.9 11.8 2.7zM398 166.5l4.1 12.7h13.3l-10.8 7.8 4.2 12.7-10.8-7.9-10.8 7.9 4.1-12.7-10.7-7.8h13.3z"></path><path d="M254.8 0v30.6l-45.1 25.1h45.1V115h-59.1l59.1 32.8v22.9h-26.7l-73.5-40.9v40.9H99v-48.6l-87.4 48.6H-1.2v-30.6L44 115H-1.2V55.7h59.1L-1.2 22.8V0h26.7L99 40.8V0h55.6v48.6L242.1 0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M142.8 0h-32v69.3h-112v32h112v69.4h32v-69.4h112v-32h-112z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M154.6 115l100.2 55.7v-15.8L183 115z"></path><path fill="white" d="M154.6 115l100.2 55.7v-15.8L183 115z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M154.6 115l100.2 55.7v-15.8L183 115zM70.7 115l-71.9 39.9v15.8L99 115z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M99 55.7L-1.2 0v15.7l71.9 40z"></path><path fill="white" d="M99 55.7L-1.2 0v15.7l71.9 40z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M99 55.7L-1.2 0v15.7l71.9 40zM183 55.7l71.8-40V0L154.6 55.7z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Australia +61</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512V256H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M83.478 170.666c0-24.865 17.476-45.637 40.812-50.734a52.059 52.059 0 00-11.13-1.208c-28.688 0-51.942 23.254-51.942 51.941s23.255 51.942 51.942 51.942c3.822 0 7.543-.425 11.13-1.208-23.336-5.095-40.812-25.867-40.812-50.733zM150.261 122.435l3.684 11.337h11.921l-9.645 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.644-7.006-9.645 7.006 3.685-11.337-9.645-7.007h11.921z"></path><path d="M121.344 144.696l3.683 11.337h11.921l-9.645 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.643-7.006-9.645 7.006 3.685-11.337-9.645-7.007h11.921zM179.178 144.696l3.684 11.337h11.921l-9.645 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.644-7.006-9.644 7.006 3.685-11.337-9.645-7.007h11.921zM168.047 178.087l3.684 11.337h11.921l-9.644 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.645-7.006-9.643 7.006 3.684-11.337-9.644-7.007h11.92zM132.474 178.087l3.683 11.337h11.921l-9.644 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.644-7.006-9.644 7.006 3.684-11.337-9.644-7.007h11.92z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Singapore +65</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M425.301 233.745l3.388 10.428h10.963l-8.87 6.444 3.388 10.427-8.869-6.444-8.871 6.444 3.388-10.427-8.87-6.444h10.963zM386.107 308.817l5.083 15.642h16.445l-13.305 9.667 5.082 15.64-13.305-9.667-13.305 9.667 5.083-15.64-13.305-9.667h16.445zM387.588 185.971l4.236 13.036h13.704l-11.088 8.054 4.235 13.034-11.087-8.056-11.088 8.056 4.235-13.034-11.087-8.054h13.704zM349.876 233.291l5.082 15.641h16.446l-13.306 9.666 5.084 15.641-13.306-9.666-13.305 9.666 5.082-15.641-13.305-9.666h16.445z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M256.003 85.329v30.564l-45.178 25.088h45.178v59.359H196.89l59.113 32.846v22.806h-26.69l-73.484-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.429 48.573H.003v-30.553l45.168-25.099H.003v-59.359h59.103L.003 108.147V85.329h26.68l73.494 40.838V85.329h55.652v48.573l87.43-48.573z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.334H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.998v-15.739l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.998v-15.739l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.998v-15.739l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.739l100.174-55.654z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.983L0 85.33v15.738l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.983L0 85.33v15.738l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.983L0 85.33v15.738l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.983L256 101.068V85.33l-100.174 55.653z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">New Zealand +64</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Germany +49</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#dd0d12" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">United Arab Emirates +971</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M274.2 119.8c-5.1 21.1-14.1 17.1-18.5 35.5-26.1-6.3-42.1-32.5-35.9-58.6 6.3-26.1 32.5-42.1 58.5-35.9-8.7 36.9.5 40.1-4.1 59zM206.6 135.4c18.5 11.3 11.9 18.7 28 28.6-14 22.9-43.9 30-66.8 16s-30-43.9-16-66.8c32.3 19.8 38.2 12.1 54.8 22.2zM200.6 204.6c16.5-14.1 21.4-5.5 35.8-17.8 17.4 20.4 15 51-5.4 68.4-20.4 17.4-51 15-68.4-5.4 28.7-24.6 23.2-32.6 38-45.2zM264.5 231.7c-8.3-20.1 1.4-22.1-5.9-39.6 24.8-10.3 53.2 1.5 63.4 26.3 10.3 24.8-1.5 53.2-26.3 63.4-14.5-35-23.8-32.2-31.2-50.1zM310 179.3c-21.6 1.7-20.6-8.1-39.5-6.6-2.1-26.7 17.9-50.1 44.6-52.2 26.7-2.1 50.1 17.9 52.2 44.6-37.7 2.9-37.9 12.7-57.3 14.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Hong Kong +852</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ireland +353</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#DB3E00" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#479900" d="M331 0h182v342H331z"></path><path d="M0 0h181.8v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 126.7c-19.4 0-35.2 15.8-35.2 35.2v52.8h70.4v-52.8c0-19.5-15.8-35.2-35.2-35.2z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 84.3c-47.7 0-86.4 38.7-86.4 86.4S208.3 257 256 257s86.4-38.7 86.4-86.4-38.7-86.3-86.4-86.3zm0 157.7c-39.4 0-71.4-32-71.4-71.4 0-39.4 32-71.4 71.4-71.4 39.4 0 71.4 32 71.4 71.4 0 39.5-32 71.4-71.4 71.4z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Afghanistan +93</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M513 210.9H202.2V342h-79.8V210.9H0V131.1h122.4V0h79.8v131.1H513v61.2z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M513 149.7v42.6H183.7V342H141V192.3H0v-42.6h141V0h42.7v149.7z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Aland Islands +358</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 90 60"><path fill="#ED2024" d="M0 0h90v60H0z"></path><path fill="#212121" d="M32.5 12.2v16l7.1 2.5-5 4.9 2.4 3 5.3-5.5 1.2 2.3-3 4.9 3.6 5.6-1.8 2.6 2.8 3.6 2.7-3.7-1.5-2.6 3-5.8-2.7-4.6 1.2-2.3 5.2 5.5 2.5-2.9-5.2-5.1 7.2-2.6V12.2l-5.2 1.9-.1 3.8-3.3.3v-2.6l1.7-2.3 5.6-2.2-2.3-.4 1.4-1.2.9.4-.8-1.4L54 9l-1-1.1L47.5 9l1.4 1.1-3.8 4.9-3.8-4.8 1.3-1.1-5-1.2L36.2 9l-1.5-.4-.8 1.4.9-.6 1.6 1.1-2.3.5 5.5 2 1.6 2.3v2.9l-3.3-.3v-3.6z"></path><g fill="#212121"><path d="M26.2 25h6.4v2.5h-6.4zM26.2 20.9h6.4v2.7h-6.4zM26.2 16.7h6.4v2.6h-6.4zM26.2 12.7h6.4v2.5h-6.4z"></path></g><g fill="#212121"><path d="M57.4 25h6.4v2.5h-6.4zM57.4 20.9h6.4v2.7h-6.4zM57.4 16.7h6.4v2.6h-6.4zM57.4 12.7h6.4v2.5h-6.4z"></path></g><path fill="#212121" d="M53.4 36.1h6.4V38h-6.4zM30.2 36.1h6.4V38h-6.4z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Albania +355</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#41662E" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0h256v341.3H256z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M341.5 105.3l-29.4 40.4-47.5-15.4 29.4 40.4-29.4 40.4 47.5-15.4 29.4 40.4v-50l47.5-15.5-47.5-15.4z"></path><path d="M309.9 276.7c-58.5 0-106-47.5-106-106s47.5-106 106-106c18.3 0 35.4 4.6 50.4 12.7-23.5-23-55.7-37.2-91.2-37.2-72 0-130.4 58.4-130.4 130.4S197.1 301 269.1 301c35.5 0 67.7-14.2 91.2-37.2-14.9 8.2-32.1 12.9-50.4 12.9z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Algeria +213</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M513 33L95.3 171 513 310.76v30.57L0 171 513 0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M513 287.18v24.58L81.72 171 513 30v24.16"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M476.98 140.21l-21.89 10.68-3.18-15.32 31.19-29.77s-9.42-40.65-13.75-44.98l-112.32 55.82-6.84 36.76-31.9 28.59-.4 34.2 34.29-22.76 67.23-2.66-1.51 38.11h22.23l11.9-44.64 31.55-24.61-6.6-19.42z"></path><path fill="#EFC100" stroke="#231F20" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M317.89 238.41l-22.24-11.11 22.24-11.11h144.46v22.22z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">AmericanSamoa +1684</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M342 0h171v342H342zM198.92 113.58H256v64.8h-57.08zM309.16 228.68L256 243.18v-64.8h57.08z"></path><path fill="#BC8B00" d="M182.24 95.92v92.2c0 34.32 27.26 54.17 48.63 64.46-.8 1.37 25.13 8.26 25.13 8.26s25.93-6.9 25.13-8.26c21.38-10.29 48.63-30.14 48.63-64.46v-92.2H182.24zm129.86 92.2c0 16.88-10 29.43-32.76 43.9-8.62 5.48-17.54 9.03-23.34 11.01-5.8-1.98-14.72-5.53-23.34-11.01-22.76-14.47-32.76-28.02-32.76-43.9v-74.54h112.2v74.54z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Andorra +376</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path d="M0 171h513v171H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v171H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M197.01 139.81c-9.32 12.37-9 27.81 3.37 37.12 0 0 162.62 122.13 164.64 123.93 2.02 1.8 6.3 2.38 11-3.27 4.46-5.36 3.31-9.78 1.04-11.63S197.01 139.81 197.01 139.81zM264.42 79.12l11.72 24.03 26.45 3.96-19.23 18.58 4.4 26.38-23.61-12.55-23.73 12.33 4.64-26.33L226 106.77l26.47-3.73z"></path><path d="M268.67 39.2l-3.2 22.04c51.81 3.9 92.64 47.18 92.64 99.99 0 55.38-44.9 100.28-100.28 100.28-40.82 0-75.94-24.39-91.59-59.4l-18.4 13.11c19.96 40.59 61.71 68.52 110 68.52 67.66 0 122.51-54.85 122.51-122.51-.01-64.01-49.1-116.54-111.68-122.03z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Angola +244</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M454.8 265.38c7.94-10.93 13.24-24.27 13.24-40.42V104.89a59.754 59.754 0 01-36.02 12.01c-19.64 0-37.07-9.43-48.03-24.01-10.95 14.58-28.39 24.01-48.03 24.01-13.52 0-25.99-4.47-36.02-12v120.06c0 16.16 5.3 29.5 13.24 40.42H454.8z"></path><path fill="#8DCCFF" d="M310.23 260.98C332.65 296.96 384 309 384 309s51.35-12.04 73.77-48.02H310.23z"></path><path fill="#D87B00" d="M396.66 172.21c.32 1.42 8.72 10.17 17.56 20.15 1.39 1.57-8.74 12.63-6.91 12.59 4.75-.12 19.27-17.26 19.34 6.65.05 15.94-30 27.51-30 27.51h17.47l.65 14.96s4.97-13.34 7.59-16.57c8.1-9.97 20.18-30.07 34.59-27.1 14.41 2.97-13.66-13.92-13.66-13.92s-5.2-15.19-16.63-16.97c-10.06-1.57-14.29-2.51-26.64-7.3-1.68-.65-3.88-2.32-3.36 0z"></path><path fill="#D87B00" d="M359.69 198.69c1.07-.99 4.46-12.63 8.69-25.28.67-1.99 15.31 1.27 14.35-.3-2.47-4.06-24.58-8.08-3.9-20.08 13.79-8 38.82 12.27 38.82 12.27l-8.72-15.14 12.64-8.03s-14.05 2.35-18.14 1.69c-12.68-2.04-36.13-2.48-40.75-16.45-4.62-13.97-5.25 18.79-5.25 18.79s-10.56 12.08-6.4 22.88c3.66 9.5 4.96 13.64 6.97 26.73.29 1.79-.06 4.53 1.69 2.92z"></path><path fill="#D87B00" d="M395.67 219.87c-1.39-.43-13.16 2.49-26.22 5.18-2.06.42-6.59-13.88-7.47-12.26-2.27 4.17 5.36 25.31-15.41 13.45-13.84-7.91-8.89-39.73-8.89-39.73l-8.71 15.14-13.29-6.9s9.09 10.96 10.57 14.84c4.6 11.99 16 32.49 6.24 43.49-9.76 11.01 18.88-4.9 18.88-4.9s15.76 3.07 23-5.96c6.38-7.94 9.3-11.14 19.61-19.45 1.43-1.12 3.97-2.19 1.69-2.9z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256.5 0h-23.1L160 48.9V0H96v48.9L22.6 0H0v22.7l46.1 30.7H0v64h46.1L0 148.1V171h22.6L96 121.8V171h64v-49.2l73.4 49.2h23.1v-22.9l-46.6-30.7h46.6v-64h-46.6l46.6-30.7z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112V171h32v-69.6h112.5v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 171v-11.3l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 171zM7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256.5.1v11l-63 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 171l-77.8-53.6h22.6l63 42.3V171z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Anguilla +1264</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 744 496"><path fill="#3A7DCE" d="M0 0h744v496H0V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M120 125l90 63 54-14 23-81 61-36 92 14 105 55 6 90 34 12v92l-65 115-78 24-72-17 18-30-8-32-10 9-162-25-49-85 20-46-49-62z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Antarctica +672</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#186DD2" d="M88.8 136.5c-2.2 12.9-3.4 26.2-3.4 39.8 0 13.6 1.2 27 3.4 39.8L256 228.3l167.2-12.1c2.2-12.9 3.4-26.2 3.4-39.8s-1.2-27-3.4-39.8"></path><path fill="white" d="M423.2 219H88.8c15.8 69.8 84.7 122.3 167.2 122.3S407.4 288.8 423.2 219z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M365.9 136.5H146.1l44.9-21.1-23.9-43.5 48.8 9.4L222 32l34 36.2L290 32l6.1 49.3 48.8-9.4-23.9 43.5z"></path><g fill="#C32500"><path d="M256.5 342L0 0v342z"></path><path d="M513 342V0L256 342z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Antigua and Barbuda +1268</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v342H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v114H0zM0 228h512v114H0z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" stroke="#d6ab00" stroke-width="5" cx="256.5" cy="171" r="40"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Argentina +54</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Armenia +374</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 363 242"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h363v242H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M57 96.9L14.7 78.2 57 59.6l18.6-42.2 18.6 42.2 42.3 18.6-42.3 18.7-18.6 42.2z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M75.6 40.6l11.5 26.1 26.1 11.5-26.1 11.5-11.5 26.1-11.5-26.1L38 78.2l26.1-11.5z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M0 152.2h363v15.7H0zM0 183.6h363v15.7H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Aruba +297</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M440.1 181.1c-.1 39.2-6.4 81.4-57.4 101.5-51.1-20.1-57.3-62.3-57.4-101.5h114.8z"></path><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M439.6 197.7c-2.8 34.9-12.4 67.4-57 85-44.4-17.6-54.5-51.2-56.9-84.9"></path><path fill="white" d="M437.8 214.1c-3.2 24.3-16.7 53.5-55.1 68.6-38.4-15.1-50.5-42.5-55.1-68.4"></path><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M434.2 230.3c-5.7 17.7-19.3 39.4-51.3 52.8-32-12.6-45.2-33.8-51.4-53"></path><path fill="white" d="M426.7 246.9c-6.5 11.3-17.7 25.4-44 35.9-27.5-11.5-37.4-25.3-44-36.1"></path><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M412.4 265.1c-8.1 7.2-12 11.2-29.6 17.9-20.1-7.9-22.6-11.6-29.2-17.5"></path><path fill="#5CC85C" d="M383.3 231.6c-.2-.2-27.9 35.7-27.9 35.7-1.8-1.3-10-9.5-13.3-15l41.3-50.1 40.2 49.7c-3.9 6.5-11.4 13.6-13.2 15M382.6 85.3l-26.5 45h53z"></path><ellipse transform="rotate(-82.3 291.431 225.686)" fill="#F7A226" cx="291.4" cy="225.7" rx="48.7" ry="15.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-68.099 303.087 164.67)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="303.1" cy="164.7" rx="11.7" ry="7.2"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-81.738 291.697 271.697)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="291.7" cy="271.7" rx="11.4" ry="3.3"></ellipse><ellipse transform="matrix(.9986 -.05353 .05353 .9986 -13.992 16.424)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="299.6" cy="269.4" rx="3.3" ry="11"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-21.518 314.54 201.06)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="314.5" cy="201.1" rx="4.1" ry="13.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-21.518 317.511 178.077)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="317.5" cy="178.1" rx="13.7" ry="4.1"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-7.7 473.781 225.857)" fill="#F7A226" cx="473.6" cy="225.9" rx="15.7" ry="48.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-21.901 462.057 164.866)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="462" cy="164.9" rx="7.2" ry="11.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-8.27 473.27 271.908)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="473.4" cy="271.9" rx="3.3" ry="11.4"></ellipse><ellipse transform="matrix(.05353 -.9986 .9986 .05353 171.34 719.998)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="465.5" cy="269.6" rx="11" ry="3.3"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-68.482 450.552 201.247)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="450.6" cy="201.2" rx="13.7" ry="4.1"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-68.482 447.58 178.265)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="447.6" cy="178.3" rx="4.1" ry="13.7"></ellipse><path fill="#B0C6CC" d="M373.3 130.3L356.1 155l17.8 26.1H396l4.7-25.4-5.4-25.4z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v117.4h-46.1l46.1 30.7v22.6h-22.6L160 121.8v48.9H96v-48.9l-73.4 48.9H0v-22.6l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.7V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 170.7v-11l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 170.7z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256 .1v11l-62.5 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 170.7l-77.8-53.3h22.6l62.5 42.3v11z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ascension Island +247</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 114h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v114H0zM0 228h513v114H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Austria +43</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M265.6 212.6c-23 0-41.6-18.6-41.6-41.6s18.6-41.6 41.6-41.6c7.2 0 13.9 1.8 19.8 5-9.2-9-21.9-14.6-35.8-14.6-28.3 0-51.2 22.9-51.2 51.2s22.9 51.2 51.2 51.2c13.9 0 26.6-5.6 35.8-14.6-5.9 3.2-12.6 5-19.8 5z"></path><path d="M297.6 142.2l5.5 15.5 14.9-7.1-7.1 14.9 15.5 5.5-15.5 5.5 7.1 14.9-14.9-7.1-5.5 15.5-5.5-15.5-14.9 7.1 7.1-14.9-15.5-5.5 15.5-5.5-7.1-14.9 14.9 7.1z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Azerbaijan +994</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bahamas +1242</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M2.216 86.076H512v339.848H2.216z"></path><path fill="white" d="M209.455 154.969l-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.266 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.268 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.268-36.45 18.33H0V86.07h172.939l36.516 18.364-50.236 25.267z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bahrain +973</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#F40B32" cx="218.902" cy="255.994" r="115"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bangladesh +880</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v341.34H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 0h170.66v341.34H0zM341.34 0H512v341.34H341.34z"></path></g><path d="M325.74 101.02l-31.97 12.4c-.68 1.35-5.79 7.54-8.18 53.06h-17.05v-60.42L256 78.68l-12.54 27v60.8H226.4c-2.39-45.53-7.8-52.48-8.47-53.84l-31.68-11.63c.15.31 15.4 31.34 15.4 78.01v12.54h41.81v71.07h25.08v-71.07h41.81v-12.54c0-24.13 4.17-44.02 7.68-56.46 3.82-13.57 7.7-21.49 7.74-21.57l-.03.03z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Barbados +1246</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#75AF2B" d="M.6.2H512v341H.6z"></path><path fill="#D32424" d="M0 230h512V.2H0"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.1 230V.2H0v340.9h511.4-411.3z"></path><path fill="#D32424" d="M51.6 218l-38-47.7 38-46.9 38 46.9zM51.6 113.4l-38-47.7 38-46.9 38 46.9zM51.6 322.6l-38-47.7 38-46.9 38 46.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Belarus +375</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Belgium +32</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="260.9" cy="170.9" r="118.9"></circle><circle fill="none" stroke="#6DA544" stroke-width="18" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="261.9" cy="173.1" r="94.5"></circle><g stroke="black"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M261.9 151.5l-50.6 23.4v20c0 11.8 6.1 22.8 16.2 28.9L262 239l34.5-15.2c10-6.2 16.2-17.1 16.2-28.9v-20l-50.8-23.4z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M211.3 128.1h101.3v46.7H211.3z"></path></g><g fill="#BC0029"><path d="M0 0h512v35H0zM0 306h512v35H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Belize +501</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M196.641 85.337H512V256H196.641z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M196.641 256H512v170.663H196.641z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Benin +229</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.34H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 .1h256v170.6H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0h-22.6L160 48.9V0H96v48.9L22.6 0H0v22.7l46.1 30.7H0v64h46.1L0 148.1v22.6h22.6L96 121.8v48.9h64v-48.9l73.4 48.9H256v-22.6l-46.1-30.7H256v-64h-46.1L256 22.7z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 170.7v-11l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 170.7zM7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256 .1v11l-62.5 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 170.7l-77.8-53.3h22.6l62.5 42.3v11z"></path><g transform="translate(13 5)"><path fill="white" d="M303.9 94.94v99.69c0 59.81 79.75 99.69 79.75 99.69s79.75-39.88 79.75-99.69V94.94H303.9z"></path><path fill="#2F8F22" d="M436.37 254.44H330.93c23.13 25.08 52.72 39.88 52.72 39.88s29.59-14.8 52.72-39.88z"></path><circle fill="#65B5D2" cx="383.65" cy="214.56" r="39.88"></circle><circle fill="#D80027" cx="343.77" cy="194.63" r="19.94"></circle><circle fill="#D80027" cx="423.52" cy="194.63" r="19.94"></circle><circle fill="#D80027" cx="383.65" cy="154.75" r="19.94"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bermuda +1441</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#FF7415" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 0H0v341.3"></path><path fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="42" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M128.7 255.5s35 54 67.3 32.4c56.9-37.9-68.9-108.6-2.9-152.6 58.3-38.8 76.6 103.5 137.6 62.8 59-39.3-64.7-111.4-9.2-148.4 33.4-22.2 67.1 32.6 67.1 32.6"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bhutan +975</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bolivia +591</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M99.905 85.329h341.333v341.334"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M36.561 100.645l14.843-10.807 14.867 10.794-4.979-15.302H41.525z"></path><path d="M88.332 103.632L82.649 86.16l-5.672 17.472-18.365.012 14.867 10.796-5.661 17.461 14.843-10.806 14.866 10.795-5.684-17.474 14.854-10.795z"></path><path d="M119.59 134.89l-5.684-17.474-5.673 17.474-18.365.011 14.867 10.795-5.661 17.462 14.844-10.807 14.866 10.796-5.685-17.474 14.856-10.794z"></path><path d="M150.846 166.146l-5.683-17.473-5.673 17.473-18.364.011 14.866 10.796-5.661 17.461 14.843-10.806 14.866 10.795-5.683-17.474 14.855-10.794z"></path><path d="M182.103 197.403l-5.683-17.474-5.672 17.474-18.366.011 14.866 10.795-5.66 17.462 14.843-10.807 14.866 10.796-5.684-17.473 14.855-10.795z"></path><path d="M213.359 228.659l-5.683-17.472-5.672 17.472-18.365.012 14.866 10.795-5.66 17.462 14.842-10.806 14.866 10.794-5.683-17.473 14.855-10.795z"></path><path d="M244.616 259.916l-5.683-17.473-5.672 17.473-18.366.012 14.867 10.795-5.661 17.462 14.844-10.807 14.866 10.794-5.685-17.472 14.855-10.794z"></path><path d="M275.872 291.173L270.19 273.7l-5.673 17.473-18.365.011 14.867 10.796-5.661 17.461 14.843-10.806 14.866 10.795-5.683-17.474 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flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0zM0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path></g><path d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Botswana +267</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 19.3l205.4 151.4L256 322 50.6 170.7z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="86.5"></circle><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M212.8 165.3c-15 0-29.5 2.3-43.2 6.5.6 47.2 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6-31.1 12c-7 4-16 10-20 10s-13-6-20-10c-11-6-22-12-31.1-12s-21 6-32.1 12c-6 4-16 10-20 10s-13-6-20-10c-11-6-21-12-31.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-17 10-21 10s-13-6-20-10c-10-6-20-11-30.1-12v23c4 0 13 5 19 9 11 6 21 12 31.1 12s21-6 32.1-12c6-4 16-9 20-9s13 5 20 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 17-9 21-9s13 5 20 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 16-9 20-9s14 5 21 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 16-9 20-9s14 5 20 9c11 6 22 12 32.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c6-4 15-9 19-9v-23z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0-.3h256v171H0V-.3z"></path><path d="M389.8 119.9H408v78.8h-18.3l.1-78.8zm0 117.8H408v75.1h-18.3l.1-75.1z" fill="#A2001D"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144-.3h-32v70H0v32h112v69h32v-69h112v-32H144v-70z"></path><path d="M0-.3v15l57 39h23L0-.3zM256-.3v15l-57 39h-23l80-54z"></path><path d="M0-.3v15l57 39h23L0-.3zM256-.3v15l-57 39h-23l80-54zM0 170.7v-15l57-38h23l-80 53zM256 170.7v-15l-57-38h-23l80 53z"></path></g><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 22.7v31h46l-46-31zm96-23v49L23-.3h73zM256 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249.1h-79.8s-.9-13.4-6-21.8c-6.2-10.4-13.9-28.1-1.4-36.7 15.9-10.9 33.7.8 48.2.8 11.8.1 26.9-14 45-.8 12.2 8.9 3.9 28.2-1.3 36.7-7 11.5-4.7 21.8-4.7 21.8z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">British Indian Ocean Territory +246</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v341.33H0z"></path><path d="M0 193.74l512 127.19V214.26L0 97.08z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 234.26v-86.67L0 20.41v86.67"></path><g fill="#D80027" stroke="#231F20" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M306.4 134.01a50.28 50.28 0 016.07 24.02c0 21.55-13.51 39.94-32.52 47.19v-59.51c5.7-1.19 10-6.37 10-12.59 6.9 0 12.5-5.75 12.5-12.85h-.42c6.9 0 12.91-5.75 12.91-12.85h-34.99V76.58l-14.99-27.71-15 27.71v30.84h-34.99c0 7.1 6.01 12.85 12.91 12.85h-.42c0 7.1 5.6 12.85 12.5 12.85 0 6.22 4.29 11.4 9.99 12.59v61.37c-22.09-5.39-38.48-25.3-38.48-49.05 0-8.7 2.2-16.88 6.07-24.02-10.96 11.21-17.72 26.53-17.72 43.44 0 34.32 27.82 62.15 62.15 62.15s62.15-27.83 62.15-62.15c0-16.91-6.77-32.24-17.72-43.44z"></path><path d="M198.46 226.81s20.69 27.71 66.5 27.71 66.5-27.71 66.5-27.71l13.47 28.37s-21.03 27.71-79.97 27.71-79.97-27.71-79.97-27.71l13.47-28.37zM129.24 133.18h20.88l24.93 27.26v73.45h-26.28v-68.37zM400 133.18h-20.88l-24.93 27.26v73.45h26.27v-68.37z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Brunei Darussalam +673</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bulgaria +359</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v170.7H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 66.9l25.8 79.3h83.3l-67.4 49 25.7 79.3-67.4-49-67.4 49 25.7-79.3-67.4-49h83.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Burkina Faso +226</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M215.9 170.7L0 314.6V26.8zM512 26.8v287.8L296.1 170.7z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M512 26.8L296.1 170.7 512 314.6v26.7h-40.1L256 197.4 40.1 341.3H0v-26.7l215.9-143.9L0 26.8V0h40.1L256 143.9 471.9 0H512z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 26.8L296.1 170.7 512 314.6v26.7h-40.1L256 197.4 40.1 341.3H0v-26.7l215.9-143.9L0 26.8V0h40.1L256 143.9 471.9 0H512z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="251.6" cy="170.7" r="100.2"></circle><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M251.6 93.3l10.1 17.5h20.2l-10.1 17.5 10.1 17.5h-20.2l-10.1 17.5-10.1-17.5h-20.2l10.1-17.5-10.1-17.5h20.2zM210.3 163.4l10.1 17.5h20.3l-10.1 17.5 10.1 17.5h-20.3l-10.1 17.5-10.1-17.5H180l10.1-17.5-10.1-17.5h20.2zM292.8 163.4l10.1 17.5h20.2L313 198.4l10.1 17.5h-20.2l-10.1 17.5-10.1-17.5h-20.2l10.1-17.5-10.1-17.5h20.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Burundi +257</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M303.49 281.971v-17.809h-11.873v-23.745l-11.872-11.872-11.872 11.872v-23.744L256 204.8l-11.873 11.873v23.744l-11.872-11.872-11.872 11.872v23.745H208.51v17.809h-11.872v17.808h118.724v-17.808z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cambodia +855</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 0h170.7v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M341.3 0H512v341.3H341.3zM256 102.2l17.2 53H329L283.9 188l17.2 53-45.1-32.7-45.1 32.7 17.2-53-45.1-32.8h55.8z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cameroon +237</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 182.2h512v41.4H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 140.8h512v41.4H0zM0 223.6h512V265H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M150.4 70l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13.1 6.9 21.1-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.1-17.9-13.1h22.2zM150.4 279.7l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.2-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.2-17.9-13h22.2zM52.8 208.8l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.2-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.2-17.9-13H46zM90.1 91l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.2-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.2-18-13h22.3zM23.8 162H46l6.8-21.1 6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13.1 6.9 21.1-18-13-17.9 13 6.8-21.1zM72.2 310.9l6.8-21.1-18-13h22.3l6.8-21.2 6.9 21.2h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.1-18-13zM248 208.8l-6.9 21.1h-22.2l18 13-6.9 21.2 18-13.1 18 13.1-6.9-21.2 18-13h-22.2zM210.7 91l-6.8 21.1h-22.2l17.9 13-6.8 21.2 17.9-13.1 18 13.1-6.9-21.2 18-13h-22.2zM277.1 162h-22.2l-6.9-21.1-6.9 21.1h-22.2l18 13.1-6.9 21.1 18-13 18 13-6.9-21.1zM228.7 310.9l-6.9-21.1 18-13h-22.2l-6.9-21.2-6.8 21.2h-22.2l17.9 13-6.8 21.1 17.9-13z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cape Verde +238</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#6DA544" cx="384" cy="181.79" r="29.682"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M332.054 174.377h103.88v44.522h-103.88z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M435.942 255.997v-.001.001z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M332.058 285.678v29.682h15.616c9.364 9.176 22.18 14.84 36.326 14.84 14.147 0 26.962-5.664 36.326-14.84h15.616v-29.682H332.058z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M332.058 211.475v44.522c0 39.759 51.942 51.942 51.942 51.942s51.942-12.182 51.942-51.942v-44.522H332.058z"></path><g fill="#F3F3F3"><path d="M383.997 235.256c-12.985 0-12.985 11.873-25.97 11.873s-12.985-11.873-25.97-11.873v20.777c12.985 0 12.985 11.873 25.97 11.873s12.985-11.873 25.97-11.873c12.986 0 12.986 11.873 25.973 11.873 12.986 0 12.986-11.873 25.973-11.873v-20.777c-12.986 0-12.986 11.873-25.973 11.873-12.986-.001-12.986-11.873-25.973-11.873zM383.997 193.666c-12.985 0-12.985 11.873-25.97 11.873s-12.985-11.873-25.97-11.873v20.777c12.985 0 12.985 11.873 25.97 11.873s12.985-11.873 25.97-11.873c12.986 0 12.986 11.873 25.973 11.873 12.986 0 12.986-11.873 25.973-11.873v-20.777c-12.986 0-12.986 11.873-25.973 11.873-12.986 0-12.986-11.873-25.973-11.873z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M256 85.334v22.617l-46.069 30.709H256v64h-46.069L256 233.38v22.617h-22.628L160 207.078v48.919H96v-48.919l-73.372 48.919H0V233.38l46.069-30.72H0v-64h46.069L0 107.951V85.334h22.628L96 134.241V85.334h64v48.907l73.372-48.907z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.329h-32v69.334H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.082l57.377 38.252H80zM256 85.329v15.082l-57.377 38.252H176z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.082l57.377 38.252H80zM256 85.329v15.082l-57.377 38.252H176zM0 255.997v-15.082l57.377-38.252H80zM256 255.997v-15.082l-57.377-38.252H176z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cayman Islands +1345</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 170.7h211.5V256H0zM300.5 170.7H512V256H300.5z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0v85.3h211.5V0h89v85.3H512V0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M300.5 85.3H512v85.3H300.5zM0 85.3h211.5v85.3H0z"></path></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M300.5 341.3h-89V256H0v85.3h512V256H300.5zM105.7 8.6l8.6 26.2h27.5L119.5 51l8.6 26.2L105.7 61 83.4 77.2 91.9 51 69.6 34.8h27.6z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Central African Republic +236</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Chad +235</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.337h256V256H256z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h256V256H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M128 109.801l15.108 46.498H192l-39.554 28.739 15.108 46.498L128 202.799l-39.554 28.737 15.108-46.498L64 156.299h48.892z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Chile +56</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M352.3 312.6L328 294.9l-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.6-24.3-17.7h30.1l9.3-28.6 9.3 28.6h30.1L343 284zM415.9 120.9l-24.4 17.7 9.3 28.6-24.3-17.7-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.6-24.3-17.7h30.1l9.3-28.6 9.3 28.6zM367.4 57.4L343 75l9.3 28.7L328 86l-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.7-24.3-17.6h30.1l9.3-28.7 9.3 28.7zM415.9 204.4L391.5 222l9.3 28.7-24.3-17.7-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.7-24.3-17.6h30.1l9.3-28.7 9.3 28.7z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M167.6 64.4l26 80.3h84.5l-68.3 49.6 26.1 80.4-68.3-49.7-68.4 49.7 26.1-80.4L57 144.7h84.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">China +86</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M77.6 272l5.7 11.9 12.8-3-5.7 11.9 10.3 8.1-12.8 2.9V317l-10.3-8.3-10.2 8.3v-13.2l-12.8-2.9 10.3-8.1-5.8-11.9 12.9 3zM40.5 173.1l5.7 11.9 12.8-3-5.7 11.8 10.3 8.2-12.9 2.9.1 13.2-10.3-8.3-10.3 8.3.1-13.2-12.9-2.9 10.4-8.2L22 182l12.8 3zM77.6 92.2l5.7 11.8 12.8-2.9-5.7 11.8 10.3 8.2-12.8 2.9v13.1l-10.3-8.2-10.2 8.2V124l-12.8-2.9 10.3-8.2-5.8-11.8L72 104zM123.7 155.1l5.7 11.9 12.8-3-5.7 11.9 10.3 8.1-12.8 2.9v13.2l-10.3-8.2-10.2 8.2v-13.2l-12.8-2.9 10.3-8.1-5.7-11.9 12.8 3zM90.8 209.1l4.4 13.7h14.5L98 231.3l4.5 13.7-11.7-8.4-11.7 8.4 4.5-13.7-11.7-8.5h14.4z"></path></g><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="267.1" cy="170.7" r="74.5"></circle><path fill="#6DA544" d="M267.1 220.3h24.8s10.8-19 0-37.2l24.8-24.8-12.4-24.8h-12.4s-6.2 18.6-31 18.6-31-18.6-31-18.6h-12.4l12.4 24.8-12.4 24.8 12.4 12.4s12.4-24.8 37.2-12.4c0 0 10.5 15.5 0 37.2z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M464.4 92.2c.6-2.9-.2-17.6-.2-20.7 0-21.3-13.9-39.4-33.2-45.7 5.9 12 9.2 25.4 9.2 39.7 0 4.8-.4 9.5-1.1 14.1-2.9-4.7-6.6-8.9-11.2-12.6-17.1-13.6-40.6-14-57.9-2.5 13.4 2.9 26.3 8.9 37.7 18 9 7.1 16.2 16.8 21.7 26.1 0 0-17.8 10.9-31 15.1s-42.3 7.9-42.3 7.9c72 12 132-36 132-36-6.5-13.4-15.8-4-23.7-3.4z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Christmas Island +61</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M422.7 252.4l6.2 12.8 13.8-3.2-6.2 12.8 11.2 8.8-13.9 3.2V301l-11.1-8.9-11.1 8.9v-14.2l-13.8-3.2 11.1-8.8-6.2-12.8 13.9 3.2zM376.1 116.1l6.2 12.9 13.8-3.2-6.2 12.8 11.2 8.8-13.9 3.1v14.3l-11.1-8.9-11.1 8.9.1-14.3-13.9-3.1 11.1-8.8-6.2-12.8L370 129zM413.1 38.3l6.2 12.8 13.8-3.2-6.2 12.8 11.2 8.9-13.9 3.1v14.2L413.1 78 402 86.9l.1-14.2-13.9-3.1 11.1-8.9-6.2-12.8 13.9 3.2zM464.9 96.7l6.2 12.8 13.9-3.2-6.3 12.8 11.2 8.9-13.9 3.1.1 14.2-11.2-8.9-11.1 8.9.1-14.2L440 128l11.2-8.9-6.3-12.8 13.9 3.2zM436.9 164.8l4.9 14.8h15.6l-12.6 9.2 4.8 14.9-12.7-9.2-12.6 9.2 4.8-14.9-12.6-9.2h15.6z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M306.8 254.7c-49.2 0-89.1-39.9-89.1-89.1s39.9-89.1 89.1-89.1c15.3 0 29.8 3.9 42.4 10.7C329.4 67.9 302.3 56 272.5 56c-60.5 0-109.6 49.1-109.6 109.6S212 275.3 272.5 275.3c29.8 0 56.9-11.9 76.6-31.3-12.6 6.8-27 10.7-42.3 10.7zM140.4 59.5C129.7 41 109.7 28.6 86.8 28.6S44 41 33.3 59.5h107.1zM140.6 59.9l-53.8 53.8-53.7-53.8C28 68.9 25 79.3 25 90.5c0 34.2 27.7 61.9 61.9 61.9s61.9-27.7 61.9-61.9c-.1-11.2-3.1-21.6-8.2-30.6z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M71.4 98.2v52.2c4.9 1.3 10.1 1.9 15.5 1.9s10.5-.7 15.5-1.9V98.2h-31z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cocos (Keeling) Islands +61</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 343.096h512v83.567H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 256h512v87.096H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Colombia +57</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 170.663h512V256H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 256h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M68.638 256c0-24.865 17.476-45.638 40.812-50.734a52.059 52.059 0 00-11.13-1.208c-28.688 0-51.942 23.255-51.942 51.942s23.255 51.942 51.942 51.942c3.822 0 7.543-.425 11.13-1.208-23.337-5.096-40.812-25.869-40.812-50.734z"></path><path d="M108.877 211.478l2.762 8.503h8.94l-7.232 5.256 2.762 8.502-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.502-7.234-5.256h8.94zM108.877 233.739l2.762 8.503h8.94l-7.232 5.255 2.762 8.503-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.503-7.234-5.255h8.94zM108.877 256l2.762 8.503h8.94l-7.232 5.255 2.762 8.503-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.503-7.234-5.255h8.94zM108.877 278.261l2.762 8.502h8.94l-7.232 5.256 2.762 8.503-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.503-7.234-5.256h8.94z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Comoros +269</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M443.726 85.331L102.4 426.657H0V85.331z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M500.124 85.331L158.798 426.657H11.876L353.202 85.331z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Congo +242</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.332h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M384 156.705l5.283 16.254h17.089l-13.826 10.045 5.281 16.254L384 189.211l-13.825 10.047 5.28-16.254-13.825-10.045h17.089zM313.791 185.786l15.228 7.758 12.084-12.083-2.673 16.879 15.227 7.759-16.879 2.673-2.674 16.88-7.76-15.227-16.878 2.673 12.086-12.084zM284.71 255.995l16.254-5.281.001-17.089 10.044 13.825 16.254-5.282-10.046 13.827 10.046 13.826-16.254-5.28-10.044 13.825v-17.09zM313.791 326.204l7.759-15.229-12.084-12.084 16.881 2.674 7.757-15.227 2.674 16.879 16.879 2.672-15.227 7.759 2.673 16.882-12.084-12.087zM384 355.284l-5.281-16.253h-17.091l13.827-10.045-5.28-16.254L384 322.776l13.827-10.044-5.281 16.254 13.826 10.045h-17.089zM454.209 326.204l-15.229-7.758-12.083 12.084 2.673-16.882-15.227-7.756 16.879-2.675 2.675-16.879 7.756 15.227 16.881-2.674-12.086 12.085zM483.29 255.995l-16.254 5.281v17.09l-10.045-13.826-16.254 5.281 10.046-13.826-10.046-13.827 16.254 5.282 10.045-13.825v17.089zM454.209 185.788l-7.757 15.226 12.082 12.084-16.881-2.673-7.756 15.227-2.675-16.88-16.879-2.675 15.227-7.757-2.673-16.878 12.084 12.082zM0 186.665v16h46.069L0 233.377v7.539l57.377-38.252H80L0 255.998h112v-69.334H0zm96 69.331H22.628L96 207.083v48.913zM176 138.665l80-53.334H144v69.334h112v-16h-46.069L256 107.951v-7.539l-57.377 38.251H176v.002zm-16-53.332h73.372L160 134.246V85.333zM144 255.998h112l-80-53.334h22.623L256 240.917v-7.539l-46.069-30.713H256v-16H144v69.333zm16-48.915l73.372 48.913H160v-48.913zM112 85.331H0l80 53.334H57.377L0 100.413v7.539l46.069 30.712H0v16h112V85.331zm-16 48.915L22.628 85.333H96v48.913z"></path></g><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.331h-32v69.334H0v32h112v69.333h32v-69.333h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M80 138.665L0 85.331v15.082l57.377 38.252zM176 138.665h22.623L256 100.413V85.331zM57.377 202.665L0 240.917v15.081l80-53.333zM176 202.665l80 53.333v-15.081l-57.377-38.252z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cook Islands +682</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 211.473h512v89.043H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 352.462h512v74.207H0zM0 85.331h512v74.207H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Costa Rica +506</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M330.207 85.331H512v341.337H330.207z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cote d'Ivoire +225</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M309.3 113.2v-44l17.5-14.4 17.7 14.4v44zM203.7 113.2v-44l-17.3-14.4-17.9 14.4v44zM238.9 113.2v-44l17.6-14.4 17.6 14.4v44z"></path></g><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M309.3 113.2h-35.2v-44l17.5-14.4 17.7 14.4zM238.9 113.2h-35.2v-44l17.5-14.4 17.7 14.4z"></path></g><path stroke="#D80027" fill="white" d="M168.5 113.2v101.9c0 24.3 14.4 46.2 35.4 59.4 21.3 13.4 42.1 14.7 52.6 14.7s31.4-1.7 52.6-14.8c21-13 35.4-35.1 35.4-59.3V113.2h-176z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M168.5 113.2h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM238.9 113.2h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM309.3 113.2h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM203.7 148.4h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM274.1 148.4h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM168.5 183.6h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM203.7 218.8h35.2V254h-35.2zM238.9 183.6h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM309.3 183.6h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM274.1 218.8h35.2V254h-35.2zM309.3 274.3c8.6-5.4 16.2-12.3 22-20.3h-22v20.3zM181.7 254c5.8 8 13.3 14.9 22 20.4V254h-22zM238.9 254v33.7c7.2 1.2 13.3 1.5 17.6 1.5 4.3 0 10.4-.3 17.6-1.6V254h-35.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Croatia +385</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0-40.8v422.9-211.4z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 0h512v68.3H0zM0 136.5h512v68.3H0zM0 273.1h512v68.3H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 170.7L0 341.3V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M81.5 94.8l16.9 51.9H153l-44.2 32.1 16.9 52-44.2-32.1-44.2 32.1 16.9-52L10 146.7h54.6z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cuba +53</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M371.5 275.9l-11.1-15c-22.4 16.1-67.7 35.8-104.3 35.8-35.8 0-79.6-17.1-104.3-35.8l-11.1 15c10 10.3 46.9 27 88.4 38.4-3.9 6-1.6 6.1 2.6 10.8 8.5-6.6 17.4-1.5 24.9-7.3 7.5 5.8 16.3.7 24.9 7.3 5.4-5.6 5.4-5.6 2.5-11.1 41-11.7 77-27.6 87.5-38.1z"></path><path fill="#DB7D00" d="M113.7 168.7s.2 79.9 89 77.8L208 263h10.6s-8.9-49 71.7-49.4c0 0 0-32.9 32.9-32.9h49.4S294 119 442.8 40.1l2.2-15.6s-154.8 84.6-237 68.1c0 0 12.7 50.7-12.9 50.7-12.8 0-11.6-9.6-38.4-9.6-22.3 0-20.6 23.5-31.3 23.2S103 142.3 102 144.8s11.7 23.9 11.7 23.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cyprus +357</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 256v170.663H0L215.185 256z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 85.337V256H215.185L0 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Czech Republic +420</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 66.9V0H411.7L0 274.4v66.9h100.3z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 0v40.1L60.2 341.3H0v-40.1L451.8 0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M93.6 31.2l16.3 50.4H163l-42.9 31.2 16.4 50.5-42.9-31.2-43 31.2L67 112.8 24.1 81.6h53.1z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Democratic Republic of the Congo +243</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M190 0h-60v140H0v60h130v142h60V200h323v-60H190z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Denmark +45</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M512 0v166.7L0 170.8V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 170.7L0 341.3V0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M89.8 92.5l17 52.4H162l-44.6 32.5 17 52.4-44.6-32.4-44.6 32.4 17-52.4-44.6-32.5h55.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Djibouti +253</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path d="M0 110.7v120h512v-120z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 110.7h512v40H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 190.7h512v40H0z"></path><path d="M196 0h120v341.3H196z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M196 0h40v341.3h-40z"></path><path fill="white" d="M274.7 0h40v341.3h-40z"></path><circle fill="#D80027" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="123.1"></circle><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M256 58.6l4.6 14.2h15l-12.1 8.9 4.6 14.2-12.1-8.8-12.1 8.8 4.6-14.2-12.1-8.9h15zM190.1 80l12.2 8.8 12.1-8.8-4.6 14.3 12.1 8.8h-15l-4.6 14.2-4.7-14.2h-15l12.1-8.8zM149.4 136h15l4.6-14.2 4.7 14.2h15l-12.2 8.8 4.7 14.3-12.2-8.8-12.1 8.8 4.6-14.3zM149.4 205.3l12.1-8.8-4.6-14.3L169 191l12.2-8.8-4.7 14.3 12.2 8.8h-15l-4.7 14.3-4.6-14.3zM190.1 261.4l4.6-14.3-12.1-8.8h15l4.7-14.3 4.6 14.3h15l-12.1 8.8 4.6 14.3-12.1-8.9zM256 282.8l-4.6-14.3h-15l12.1-8.8-4.6-14.3 12.1 8.8 12.1-8.8-4.6 14.3 12.1 8.8h-15zM321.9 261.4l-12.2-8.9-12.1 8.9 4.6-14.3-12.1-8.8h15l4.6-14.3 4.7 14.3h15l-12.1 8.8zM362.6 205.3h-15l-4.6 14.3-4.7-14.3h-15l12.2-8.8-4.7-14.3L343 191l12.1-8.8-4.6 14.3zM362.6 136l-12.1 8.8 4.6 14.3-12.1-8.8-12.2 8.8 4.7-14.3-12.2-8.8h15l4.7-14.2 4.6 14.2zM321.9 80l-4.6 14.3 12.1 8.8h-15l-4.7 14.2-4.6-14.2h-15l12.1-8.8-4.6-14.3 12.1 8.8z"></path></g><path fill="#496E2D" d="M279.3 168.7c-11-21.1-14.5-25.1-14.5-25.1s.4-9.7.4-15.6c0-8.8-7.4-15.8-16.5-15.8-8.6 0-15.7 2.9-16.5 11-4.2.9-8.6 4.1-8.6 10.7 0 4.8 1 7.3 5.2 9.3 2.1-4.6 4.3-4.8 9.3-6.4.8.6 1.7 3 2.6 3.4l.3 1s-13.3 6.6-13.3 30.9c0 29.5 22 45.4 22 45.4l-1.8.3-1.9 7.1h22v-7.2l11 17.5c.3-.3 10.2-47.6.3-66.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Dominica +1767</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 215.2h211.5v126.1H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h211.5v126.2H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M300.5 0H512v126.2H300.5z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M300.5 215.2H512v126.1H300.5z"></path><g stroke="white" stroke-width="5" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 130h-49.9v49.4s19.5 6 49.9 6V130z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M206.1 179.4v6c0 27.5 22.3 49.9 49.9 49.9v-49.9c-30.4 0-49.9-6-49.9-6z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 235.3c27.5 0 49.9-22.3 49.9-49.9v-6s-19.5 6-49.9 6v49.9z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 130v55.4c30.4 0 49.9-6 49.9-6V130H256z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Dominican Republic +1849</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 170.7h512V256H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 256h512v85.3H0z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="59.4"></circle><path fill="#4C1F00" d="M369.2 79.9s-27.2-13.8-33.9-16c-6.7-2.2-49.1-13.2-49.1-7 0 10.3-13.5 12-15.5 12s-2-5.3-14.8-5.3-13.7 4.8-15.8 4.8c-2.2 0-14.5-1-14.5-11.5 0-5.2-42.9 4-49.1 7-6.1 3.1-33.9 16-33.9 16s45.8 2.7 53.9 6.2 43.8 16.5 43.8 16.5l-2.8 13.3h37.8l-3.8-13.3s35.1-12.7 43.8-16.5 53.9-6.2 53.9-6.2z"></path><path fill="#57BA17" d="M217.7 171.7c0 21.1 17.2 38.3 38.3 38.3 21.1 0 38.3-17.2 38.3-38.3v-11.5h-76.5v11.5z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M256 110.5c-21.1 0-38.3 17.2-38.3 38.3v11.5h76.5v-11.5c.1-21.1-17.1-38.3-38.2-38.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ecuador +593</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v113.8H0z"></path><path d="M0 227.6h512v113.8H0z"></path><path fill="#C09300" d="M220.3 204.4s0-58.4 4.5-64.7c3.1-4.3 16.8 5.2 22.7 4.5 0 0 4.2-7.5 4.5-12 .3-4.6-1.1-7.6-4.9-6.2 0 0-1.2-2.1.5-3.3 1.6-1.2 5.6.1 5.6.1s-.5-1 1.6-.9c2.9.2 7.2 1.4 7.4 5.6.2 3.1.3 7.7.4 8.7.7 6.8 2.7 8.7 2.7 8.7s18.4-9.2 22-5.2c3.3 3.8 4.5 64.7 4.5 64.7l-18.1-16.8 12.1 29.5s-14.4 2.4-28.9 2.4c-14.5 0-31.1-4.2-31.1-4.2l13.8-28.2-19.3 17.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Egypt +20</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M228.582 261.936L256 214.447l27.418 47.489z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M291.616 277.616L256 295.425l-35.616-17.809v-23.744h71.232z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M289.579 216.485l-12.592 12.592c5.37 5.372 8.693 12.791 8.693 20.988 0 16.392-13.289 29.68-29.68 29.68-16.392 0-29.68-13.289-29.68-29.68 0-8.195 3.322-15.616 8.693-20.988l-12.592-12.592c-8.594 8.594-13.91 20.466-13.91 33.579 0 26.228 21.261 47.489 47.489 47.489s47.489-21.261 47.489-47.489c0-13.114-5.316-24.987-13.91-33.579z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">El Salvador +503</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h513v113.8H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 227.6h513V342H0z"></path><path fill="#0070C8" d="M126 170.7L0 341.3V0z"></path><path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M233.8 139.4v40.4c0 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6s35.6 0 35.6-35.6v-40.4h-71.2z"></path><path fill="#786145" d="M264.5 179.8h9.8l4 25.8h-17.8z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M287.2 162c0-9.8-8-14.8-17.8-14.8s-17.8 5-17.8 14.8c-4.9 0-8.9 4-8.9 8.9s4 8.9 8.9 8.9h35.6c4.9 0 8.9-4 8.9-8.9s-4-8.9-8.9-8.9z"></path><g fill="#FFDA00" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M230.7 120l1.9 3.3h3.8l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2h-3.8l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3H225l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8zM246 120l1.9 3.3h3.7l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2h-3.7l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.8l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8zM261.3 120l1.9 3.3h3.7l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2h-3.7l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.8l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8zM277.1 120l1.9 3.3h3.8l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2H279l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.7l1.8-3.2-1.8-3.3h3.7zM293.1 120l1.9 3.3h3.8l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2H295l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.7l1.8-3.2-1.8-3.3h3.7zM308.1 120l1.9 3.3h3.7l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2H310l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.8l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Equatorial Guinea +240</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#56AF35" d="M0 0h512v170.7H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 341.3l512-170.7L0 0v341.3z"></path><g fill="#ffc945"><path d="M134.7 231.5c33.6 0 60.8-27.2 60.8-60.8s-27.2-60.8-60.8-60.8-60.8 27.2-60.8 60.8 27.2 60.8 60.8 60.8zm0 24.3c-47 0-85.2-38.1-85.2-85.2s38.1-85.2 85.2-85.2 85.2 38.1 85.2 85.2-38.2 85.2-85.2 85.2z"></path><circle cx="119.5" cy="148.3" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="148.9" cy="158.5" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="134.7" cy="135.2" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="119.5" cy="172.7" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="149.9" cy="182.8" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="122.5" cy="198" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="145.9" cy="205.2" r="17.5"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Eritrea +291</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#111" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#368FD8" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Estonia +372</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="#2B5DEA" d="M0 0h900v600H0V0z"></path><path fill="#FFDF29" d="M0 100h900v400H0V100z"></path><path fill="#D70000" d="M0 150h900v300H0V150z"></path><path fill="white" d="M450 171.4v257.2c114.3 0 171.4-85.7 214.3-128.6-42.9-42.9-100-128.6-214.3-128.6z"></path><path d="M450 171.4c-100 0-171.4 85.7-214.3 128.6C278.6 342.9 350 428.6 450 428.6V171.4z"></path><path fill="white" d="M346.3 254.3h21v91.3h-21zM398.2 254.3h21v91.3h-21z"></path><path d="M477.8 254.3h21v91.3h-21zM529.7 254.3h21v91.3h-21z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Eswatini +268</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22.5 15"><path fill="#20AA46" d="M0 0h22.5v5H0V0z"></path><path fill="#E92F3B" d="M0 10h22.5v5H0v-5z"></path><path fill="#FADF50" d="M0 5h22.5v5H0V5z"></path><circle fill="#205CCA" cx="11.3" cy="7.5" r="5.2"></circle><path fill="#FFDB3D" d="M11.2 9.2L8.8 11l.9-2.9-2.4-1.8h3l1-2.8 1 2.9h3l-2.4 1.8.9 2.9-2.6-1.9zm0-1l.9.6-.3-1.1.9-.7h-1.1l-.4-1.1-.4 1.1H9.7l.9.7-.3 1.1c0 .1.9-.6.9-.6z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ethiopia +251</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v30.6l-45.2 25.1H256V115h-59.1l59.1 32.8v22.9h-26.7l-73.5-40.9v40.9h-55.6v-48.6l-87.5 48.6H0v-30.6L45.2 115H0V55.7h59.1L0 22.8V0h26.7l73.5 40.8V0h55.6v48.6L243.3 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.3H0v32h112v69.4h32v-69.4h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.8 115L256 170.7v-15.8L184.2 115z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.8 115L256 170.7v-15.8L184.2 115z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.8 115L256 170.7v-15.8L184.2 115zM71.8 115L0 154.9v15.8L100.2 115z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.2 55.6L0 0v15.7l71.8 39.9z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.2 55.6L0 0v15.7l71.8 39.9z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.2 55.6L0 0v15.7l71.8 39.9zM184.2 55.6L256 15.7V0L155.8 55.6z"></path></g><path fill="#1F8BDE" d="M312.2 194.2v-90c0-8.5 6.5-15.3 15-15.3h120.5c8.3 0 15 6.8 15 15.3v90c0 75.2-75.2 105.3-75.2 105.3s-75.3-30.1-75.3-105.3z"></path><path fill="white" d="M312.2 194.2v-90c0-8.5 6.5-15.3 15-15.3h120.5c8.3 0 15 6.8 15 15.3v90c0 75.2-75.2 105.3-75.2 105.3s-75.3-30.1-75.3-105.3zm79.6 86.3c7.9-4.5 15.9-10 23.2-16.7 20.5-18.5 32.6-41.4 32.6-69.7v-90c0-.3-120.4-.3-120.4-.3v90.3c0 28.3 12.1 51.2 32.6 69.7 8.3 7.5 17.6 13.9 27.6 19 1.4-.6 2.8-1.4 4.4-2.3z"></path><path fill="#187536" d="M347.1 193.4c-2.6-7.9 1.7-14.3 10.1-14.3h60.5c8.2 0 12.8 6.3 10.1 14.3l-5.5 16.5c-2.6 7.9-8.9 9.2-15.8 4 0 0 2.6-4.8-19.1-4.8-21.7 0-19.1 4.8-19.1 4.8-6.1 5.7-13.1 4-15.8-4 .1.1-5.4-16.5-5.4-16.5z"></path><path fill="white" d="M357.4 179.1c8.1 1.6 17.8-15 30.1-15 13.1 0 21.8 17.1 30.1 15 7.4-1.8 15-22.2 15-30.1 0-16.6-20.2-30.1-45.1-30.1-24.9 0-45.1 13.5-45.1 30.1-.1 8.5 6.6 28.5 15 30.1zM356 270.7c6.2.4 12.5-1.8 17.2-6.5l9-9c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0l9 9c4.7 4.7 11 6.9 17.1 6.5 5.3-.3 32.5-33.5 25.7-32.6-4.6.6-9.1 2.8-12.7 6.3l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-8.7-8.8-22.9-8.8-31.7-.1l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-3.5-3.5-7.8-5.6-12.3-6.3-6.7-1.1 20.1 32.2 25.3 32.5zM322.1 210c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0l9 9c8.8 8.7 22.9 8.7 31.7 0l9-9c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0l9 9c8.8 8.7 22.9 8.7 31.7 0l9-9c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0 0 0 5.5-14.8 2.5-15.9-7.9-2.9-17.2-1.2-23.5 5.2l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-8.7-8.8-22.9-8.8-31.7-.1l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-6.2-6.2-15.1-8-22.8-5.5-3.1 1.1 1.9 16.1 1.9 16.1z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Falkland Islands (Malvinas) +500</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#0F61A5" d="M512 214.5H206.2v126.8H118.4V214.5H0v-87.7h118.4V0H206.2v126.8H512V192z"></path><path fill="#E50E3D" d="M512 149.3V192H183.7v149.3H141V192H0v-42.7h141V0h42.7v149.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Faroe Islands +298</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v22.6l-46.1 30.7H256v64h-46.1L256 148v22.7h-22.6l-73.4-49v49H96v-49l-73.4 49H0V148l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.6V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 0h-32v69.3H0v32h112v69.4h32v-69.4h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.2H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.2H176z"></path><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.2H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.2H176zM0 170.7v-15.1l57.4-38.3H80zM256 170.7v-15.1l-57.4-38.3H176z"></path></g><path fill="#F3F3F3" d="M307.1 127.1v92c0 61.6 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5s80.4-19 80.4-80.6v-92l-80.5-23-80.4 23.1z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M468 132.8V98.3H307.1v34.5h69v69h-69v23h69V296c6.9 2.5 11.5 3.5 11.5 3.5s4.6-1.1 11.5-3.5v-71.2h69v-23h-69v-69H468z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Fiji +679</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M512 129.3V212H203.7v129.3H121V212H0v-82.7h121V0h82.7v129.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Finland +358</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">France +33</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 90 60"><path fill="#FDEB01" d="M0 0l90 60H0z"></path><path fill="#58A846" d="M90 0v60L0 0z"></path><path fill="#ED3D24" stroke="#A02021" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M54.1 35.3l14.7-10.7H50.6L45 7.3l-5.6 17.3H21.2l14.7 10.7-5.6 17.4L45 42l14.7 10.7z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">French Guiana +594</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M293.991 256c0 20.982-17.01 33.243-37.992 33.243S218.008 276.982 218.008 256s17.01-37.992 37.992-37.992 37.991 17.01 37.991 37.992z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M293.991 256c0 20.982-17.01 37.992-37.992 37.992s-37.992-17.01-37.992-37.992"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M232.259 246.506h9.498v19h-9.498zM270.247 246.506h9.498v19h-9.498zM251.247 232.259h9.498v33.243h-9.498z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">French Polynesia +689</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Gabon +241</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#1a7e25" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path fill="#cf0d19" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Gambia +220</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22.5 15"><path fill="white" d="M.8 0h21v15H.8V0z"></path><path fill="#eb000e" d="M9.8 6H0v3h9.8v6h3V9h9.8V6h-9.8V0h-3v6z"></path><path fill="#eb000e" d="M17.3 2.7l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2zm-12.7 0l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2zm0 9l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2zm12.7 0l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Georgia +995</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M255.883 199.111l14.119 43.458 40.366 3.2-36.969 26.861 19.453 40.259-36.969-26.859-36.97 26.859 14.123-43.459-36.969-26.861h45.696z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ghana +233</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 230h513v112H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M363.1 131.8V99.1H374V77.3h-21.9v10.9h-21.8V77.3h-21.8v21.8h10.9v32.7h-21.8V55.5h10.9V33.7h-21.8v10.9h-10.9V33.7H254v10.9h-10.9V33.7h-21.8v21.8h10.9v76.3h-21.8V99.1h10.9V77.3h-21.8v10.9h-21.8V77.3h-21.8v21.8h10.9v32.7H145V219h239.9v-87.2z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M264.9 235.5l-24.2 18.2 19.1 14.3v31.3h-23.2v9h23v7.9h-23v9.3H270V268l19.1-14.3-24.2-18.2zm0 25.3l-10.1-7.1 10.1-7.1 10.1 7.1-10.1 7.1z"></path><path d="M239.6 209.7v-27.9s.1-22.3 25-22.3c24.8 0 25.7 22 25.7 22v28.2h-50.7zM170.5 209.7v-24.3s.1-18.7 19.6-18.7 20.2 18.4 20.2 18.4v24.5h-39.8z"></path><path d="M169.1 209.7v-24.3s.1-18.7 19.6-18.7 20.2 18.4 20.2 18.4v24.5h-39.8zM320.9 209.7v-24.3s.1-18.7 19.6-18.7 20.2 18.4 20.2 18.4v24.5h-39.8zM329.3 132v-15.7s.1-12.1 11.3-12.1c11.3 0 11.7 11.9 11.7 11.9V132h-23zM250.5 132v-23.7s.1-18.3 14.3-18.3c14.2 0 14.7 18 14.7 18v24h-29zM177.5 132v-15.7s.1-12.1 11.3-12.1 11.7 11.9 11.7 11.9V132h-23z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Gibraltar +350</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#1571CC"><path d="M0 0h513v38H0zM0 76h513v38H0zM0 152h513v38H0zM0 228h513v38H0zM0 304h513v38H0z"></path></g><path fill="#1571CC" d="M0 0h190v190H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M0 76h190v38H0z"></path><path d="M76 0h38v190H76z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Greece +30</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M513 0v171H0V0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="185.8" cy="171.2" r="117.8"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M68 171c0-65.1 52.8-117.8 117.8-117.8 65.1 0 117.8 52.8 117.8 117.8"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Greenland +299</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#c60a0a" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#3E8446" d="M256 170.7L44.5 296.8V44.5z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 170.7l211.5 126.1h-423zM467.5 44.5L256 170.7 44.5 44.5z"></path></g><path fill="#3E8446" d="M467.5 44.5v252.3L256 170.7z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 10.4l3.3 10.2H270l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM170.1 10.4l3.3 10.2h10.7l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM341.9 10.4l3.3 10.2H356l-8.7 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM256 304.2l3.3 10.2H270l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM170.1 304.2l3.3 10.2h10.7l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM341.9 304.2l3.3 10.2H356l-8.7 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7z"></path></g><circle fill="#c60a0a" cx="244.5" cy="170.7" r="76.2"></circle><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M244.5 110.1l13.6 41.8h44l-35.6 25.8 13.6 41.8-35.6-25.8-35.5 25.8 13.6-41.8-35.6-25.8h44zM107.7 167.8c4.4 6.9 2.3 16.1-4.6 20.5s-16.1 2.3-20.5-4.6c-7.9-12.5-3.3-33-3.3-33s20.4 4.6 28.4 17.1z"></path><circle fill="#A2001D" cx="99.1" cy="182.1" r="7.4"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Grenada +1473</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guadeloupe +590</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M11.1 11.1h489.7v319.1H11.1z"></path><path fill="#7DBEF1" d="M256 285.3s76.4-51.3 76.4-114.6S256 56 256 56s-76.4 51.3-76.4 114.6S256 285.3 256 285.3z"></path><path fill="#1C8AE6" d="M179.8 180.7h152.6l-29.3 64.9h-95.2z"></path><path fill="#FFF042" d="M192.3 205.9s40.5 38.2 51 38.2c12.4 0 12.6-18.4 25.5-25.5 20.2-11.1 51-12.7 51-12.7L297 248.7l-41 36.6-46.8-39.7-16.9-39.7z"></path><path fill="#259C7B" d="M256 157.5l-22.5 15.6 7.9-26.2-21.8-16.5 27.4-.5 9-25.9 9 25.9 27.4.5-21.8 16.6 7.9 26.2-22.5-15.7z"></path><path fill="#8E5715" d="M249.7 144.6c-.9 9.2-1.5 18.4-1.7 27.6-.3 11.9.3 20.7 2 26 2.2 6.6 7.2 12.9 14.2 18.9 5.3 4.6 10.6 8.1 14.2 10.1 3.1 1.7 7 .6 8.7-2.4 1.7-3.1.6-7-2.4-8.7-4.3-2.5-8.4-5.4-12.2-8.7-5.4-4.6-9.1-9.2-10.4-13.3-1.1-3.4-1.6-11.3-1.4-21.7.2-8.9.8-17.8 1.7-26.6.4-3.5-2.2-6.6-5.7-7-3.6-.3-6.7 2.3-7 5.8z"></path><path fill="white" d="M217.8 170.7l25.5 38.2h-25.5v-38.2z"></path><path fill="none" stroke="#D80027" stroke-width="12" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M256 285.3s76.4-51.3 76.4-114.6S256 56 256 56s-76.4 51.3-76.4 114.6S256 285.3 256 285.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guam +1671</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 0h171v342H0zM342 0h171v342H342z"></path></g><circle fill="#DCC26D" cx="256" cy="155.8" r="25.5"></circle><path fill="#628A40" d="M194.2 155.9c0 22.1 11.8 42.5 30.8 53.5 5.9 3.4 13.5 1.4 16.9-4.5 3.4-5.9 1.4-13.5-4.5-16.9-11.5-6.6-18.5-18.9-18.5-32.1 0-6.8-5.5-12.4-12.4-12.4s-12.3 5.5-12.3 12.4zm95.1 52.1c17.8-11.4 28.6-31 28.5-52.1 0-6.8-5.5-12.4-12.4-12.4-6.8 0-12.4 5.5-12.4 12.4 0 12.7-6.5 24.5-17.1 31.3-5.8 3.6-7.7 11.2-4.1 17 3.6 5.8 11.2 7.7 17 4.1.2-.1.3-.2.5-.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guatemala +502</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M308 0H204v118.7H0v104h204V342h104V222.7h205v-104H308z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M368.6 188l26 17.3V136l-26 17.3h-95.3V58.1l17.3-26h-69.2l17.3 26v95.2h-95.3l-26-17.3v69.3l26-17.3h95.3v95.2l-17.3 26h69.2l-17.3-26V188z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guernsey +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M342 0h171v342H342z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guinea +224</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v170.663H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0z"></path><path d="M98.32 195.127l15.107 46.497h48.894l-39.555 28.74 15.108 46.498-39.554-28.737-39.556 28.737 15.111-46.498-39.554-28.74h48.891z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guinea-Bissau +245</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="#009E49" d="M0 0h900v600H0V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 0l947 300L0 600V0z"></path><path fill="#FFD00D" d="M0 26.1L870 300 0 573.9V26.1z"></path><path fill="#2D2D2D" d="M0 0l450 300L0 600V0z"></path><path fill="#D3132F" d="M0 35l397.5 265L0 565V35z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guyana +592</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 0h513v172H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 172h513v172H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M381.4 251.5l-110.7-13.8-110.8 13.8V85.4h221.5z"></path><circle fill="#0052B4" cx="270.7" cy="182.3" r="55.4"></circle><circle fill="#A2001D" cx="270.7" cy="182.3" r="27.7"></circle><path fill="#6DA544" d="M229.1 113.1h83.1l-41.5 41.5z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256.8 140.8h27.7v83h-27.7z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M314.9 215.5h-88.5l-66.5 36h221.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Haiti +509</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.331h256v341.337H256z"></path><path fill="#ACABB1" d="M321.353 233.837l32.073 42.43c-5.053 7.651-5.026 17.961.817 25.692 7.414 9.807 21.374 11.748 31.182 4.335 9.807-7.414 11.748-21.374 4.334-31.182-5.843-7.731-15.756-10.568-24.495-7.795l-49.988-66.129-11.838 8.949-17.759 13.424 17.899 23.677 17.775-13.401zm46.175 48.78a7.421 7.421 0 118.95 11.84 7.421 7.421 0 01-8.95-11.84z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M376.367 247.24l17.899-23.677-17.759-13.424-11.838-8.949-49.988 66.129c-8.74-2.775-18.651.063-24.495 7.795-7.414 9.808-5.473 23.768 4.334 31.182 9.808 7.414 23.768 5.473 31.182-4.335 5.845-7.731 5.871-18.041.817-25.692l32.073-42.43 17.775 13.401zm-62.504 45.771a7.42 7.42 0 11-11.84-8.95 7.42 7.42 0 0111.84 8.95z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Holy See (Vatican City State) +379</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 0h513v114H0zM0 228h513v114H0zM203.5 117.9l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.7-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.7-14-10.9 17.6-1zM308.5 117.9l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.7-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.7-14-10.9 17.6-1zM256 147.6l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.7-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.7-14-10.9 17.6-1zM203.5 177.3l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.6-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.6-14-10.9 17.6-1zM308.5 177.3l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.6-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.6-14-10.9 17.6-1z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Honduras +504</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Hungary +36</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 295.883H202.195v130.783H122.435V295.883H0V216.111h122.435V85.329H202.195v130.782H512V277.329z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 234.666v42.663H183.652v149.337h-42.674V277.329H0v-42.663h140.978V85.329h42.674v149.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Iceland +354</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 85.337h512V256H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Indonesia +62</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 227.9h513v114H0zM278.8 134.8c.1 2 8.7 26.2 4.4 39.4-6.6 20.3-15.8 21.8-19.8 24.5V134l-6.9-4.2-6.9 4.2v64.7c-4-2.7-12.4-2.4-19.8-24.5-4.3-12.7 5.7-37.3 5.8-39.2 0 0-9.5 8.1-15.8 24-5.9 14.8 1.9 49.6 29.5 54.8 2.3.4 4.7 5.6 7.2 5.6 2.1 0 4.1-5.2 6-5.5 28.4-4.6 35-41.7 29.9-55.6-5.4-14.6-13.6-23.5-13.6-23.5z"></path></g><g fill="white" opacity=".5"><path d="M44.6 98.9h22.3v24.4H44.6zM0 98.9h22.3v24.4H0zM89.2 98.9h22.3v24.4H89.2zM133.8 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM178.4 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM223 98.9h22.3v24.4H223zM267.7 98.9H290v24.4h-22.3zM312.3 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM356.9 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM401.5 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM446.1 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM490.7 98.9H513v24.4h-22.3zM44.6 216.9h22.3v25.5H44.6zM0 216.9h22.3v25.5H0zM89.2 216.9h22.3v25.5H89.2zM133.8 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM178.4 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM223 216.9h22.3v25.5H223zM267.7 216.9H290v25.5h-22.3zM312.3 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM356.9 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM401.5 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM446.1 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM490.7 216.9H513v25.5h-22.3z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Iran +98</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#CE1126" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="#547C31"><path d="M219.2 160.7h-29.3c1.5-5.7 6.6-9.9 12.8-9.9v-19.9c-18.3 0-33.1 14.9-33.1 33.1v16.5h49.6c1.8 0 3.3 1.5 3.3 3.3v6.6h-66.2v19.9h86.1v-26.5c0-12.7-10.4-23.1-23.2-23.1zM268.8 190.5v-59.6H249v79.5h33.1v-19.9zM335 190.5v-59.6h-19.8v59.6h-6.6v-19.8h-19.9v39.7h59.6v-19.9z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Iraq +964</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#E52D42" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M393.3 68.2h-45.8l-33.8 80.2-34.4-22.9s-24.7-59.1-34.4-68.2c-9.7-9.7-18.7-.6-48.9 7.8-29.6 8.4-30.8 18.7-42.2 18.7-4.8 0-19.9-17.5-27.7-22.3-12.1-7.8-16.9-4.2-13.9 7.2 1.2 4.8 10.9 10.9 16.9 19.9 7.8 11.5 12.7 25.9 12.7 25.9s10.9-10.3 16.9-12.1c9-2.4 19.3 1.8 31.4 0 15.1-2.4 31.4-10.9 31.4-10.9l4.2 43.4s-54.3 50.7-49.5 70.6 56.1 44.6 68.2 62.7c12.1 17.5-7.2 24.1-7.2 32.6s-1.8 19.9 7.2 16.3c9-3.6 10.3-18.1 18.7-31.4 6-9 10.3-13.9 11.5-17.5 1.8-9-23.5-32-37.4-48.9-6.6-7.8-19.9-18.7-19.9-18.7l39.2-29.6s67.6 27.7 82.6 18.7c15.1-9 19.3-98.3 19.3-98.3l47-11.5-12.1-11.7z"></path><path fill="#F8DD4E" d="M279.3 262.4c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5s4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5c6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm45.8-182.8c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5s4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5c6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm0 91.1c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5 0-6 4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5 6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5-.6 6.7-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm-136.9 45.8c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5 0-6 4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5 6.6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm45.2-136.9c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5s4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5c6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-4.8 11.5-11.5 11.5zm22.9 91.1c-6 0-11.5-10.3-11.5-22.9s4.8-22.9 11.5-22.9c6 0 11.5 10.3 11.5 22.9s-4.8 22.9-11.5 22.9zm-114-45.2c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5 0-6.6 4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5 6.6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5 0 6.6-4.8 11.5-11.5 11.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Isle of Man +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M340.6 122.4h-56.1l-28-48.6-28 48.6h-56.1l28 48.6-28 48.6h56.1l28 48.6 28-48.6h56.1l-28-48.6 28-48.6zM293.2 171L276 204.2h-38.9L219.8 171l17.2-33.2h38.9l17.3 33.2zm-36.7-71.8l11.9 23.3h-23.9l12-23.3zm-58.3 38.6h23.9l-10.8 21-13.1-21zm0 66.4l13-22.1 11.9 22.1h-24.9zm58.3 37.5l-11.9-22.1h23.9l-12 22.1zm59.4-37.5h-25l11.9-22.1 13.1 22.1zm-26.1-66.4h26.1l-13 22.1-13.1-22.1zM0 21.3h512V64H0zM0 277.3h512V320H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Israel +972</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M341.334 85.33H0v341.332h512V85.33z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.333h170.663V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.333H512V426.67H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Italy +39</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M215.864 256.006L0 399.911V112.089zM512 112.089v287.822L296.136 256.006z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M512 112.089L296.136 256.006 512 399.911v26.757h-40.125L256 282.752 40.125 426.668H0v-26.757l215.864-143.905L0 112.089V85.331h40.125L256 229.248 471.875 85.331H512z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 112.089L296.136 256.006 512 399.911v26.757h-40.125L256 282.752 40.125 426.668H0v-26.757l215.864-143.905L0 112.089V85.331h40.125L256 229.248 471.875 85.331H512z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Jamaica +1876</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#D80027" cx="256" cy="255.994" r="96"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Japan +81</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M301.8 171L513 30.2V0h-45.3L256.5 140.8 45.3 0H0v30.2L211.2 171 0 311.8V342h45.3l211.2-140.8L467.7 342H513v-30.2z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M233.7 44.6l22.3 5.6 22.3-5.6 4-20.9-14.9 6.5L256 14.8l-11.4 15.4-14.9-6.5z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M233.7 44.6s-4 12.9-4 29.9c0 27.9 26.3 41.3 26.3 41.3s26.3-15.5 26.3-41.3c0-15.4-4-29.9-4-29.9s-8.1-5-22.3-5-22.3 5-22.3 5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Jersey +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.339h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.339h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.89h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 256.006L0 426.669V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M77.913 224.802l7.876 16.469 17.786-4.11-7.965 16.426 14.303 11.343-17.808 4.014.049 18.255-14.241-11.421-14.241 11.421.05-18.255-17.809-4.014 14.303-11.343-7.965-16.426 17.786 4.11z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Jordan +962</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#36B6CC" d="M0 0h513v342H0V0z"></path><circle fill="#FFD400" cx="256.5" cy="170.9" r="68.4"></circle><path fill="#FFD400" d="M256.5 251.5l-27.9 41.7-7.1-49.7-43.2 25.5 15.2-47.8-50 4.2 34.4-36.5-46.9-18 46.8-18-34.4-36.5 50 4.2-15.2-47.8 43.2 25.4 7.1-49.7 27.9 41.7 27.9-41.7 7.1 49.7 43.2-25.4-15.2 47.8 50-4.2-34.3 36.6 46.8 17.9-46.8 18 34.4 36.5-50-4.2 15.2 47.8-43.2-25.4-7.1 49.7c0-.1-27.9-41.8-27.9-41.8zm0-.8c44.1 0 79.9-35.8 79.9-79.9S300.6 91 256.5 91s-79.9 35.8-79.9 79.9 35.8 79.8 79.9 79.8zM22.8 28.3c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0 45.7c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6V74zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0 45.7c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm22.8-22.8c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7V245c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0-45.7c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6V188zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6V51.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kazakhstan +77</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h512v90.579H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 336.089h512v90.568H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 198.606h512v114.799H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M323.265 139.803l-25.583-11.809L256 222.376l-41.682-94.382-25.583 11.809 51.749 116.191-51.749 116.192 25.583 11.808L256 289.613l41.682 94.381 25.583-11.808-51.749-116.192z"></path><path d="M273.376 150.931C263.472 140.115 256 133.898 256 133.898s-7.472 6.216-17.376 17.032v210.127C248.528 371.873 256 378.091 256 378.091s7.472-6.216 17.376-17.033V150.931z"></path></g><g fill="#A2001D"><path d="M209.04 191.226v129.535c10.465 18.542 23.274 33.742 32.872 43.818V147.408c-9.599 10.076-22.408 25.275-32.872 43.818zM302.96 191.226c-10.465-18.543-23.274-33.742-32.872-43.818V364.58c9.599-10.077 22.407-25.276 32.872-43.818V191.226z"></path></g><path d="M302.96 191.226v129.535c10.594-18.774 18.784-40.973 18.784-64.767s-8.19-45.993-18.784-64.768zM209.04 191.226v129.535c-10.594-18.774-18.784-40.973-18.784-64.767s8.19-45.993 18.784-64.768z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kenya +254</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 450 300"><path fill="#CE1126" d="M0 0h450v300H0V0z"></path><g fill="#FCD116"><circle cx="227.6" cy="161.2" r="56.2"></circle><path d="M254.1 73.4l-23.7 26 28.6 6.5zM202.6 73.6l-4.8 33.1 28.5-8zM296.9 100.3l-34.7 8.5 20.1 23.7zM158.6 98.5l15.5 32.7 20.2-22.7zM317.6 143.8l-34.4-9.9 5.6 29.5zM135.6 141.2l31.9 19.8 5.2-27.7z"></path></g><path fill="#003F87" d="M0 175h450v125H0V175z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 267c15 0 30 13 45 13s30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13v-21c-15 0-30 13-45 13s-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13v21zm0-43c15 0 30 13 45 13s30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13v-21c-15 0-30 13-45 13s-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13v21zm0-43c15 0 30 13 45 13s30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13v-21c-15 0-30 13-45 13s-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13v21z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" fill="#FCD116" d="M183.2 48.3l-1.1-5.3 22.4-3.7s-30.1-7.1-40-10.7c-14.3-5.1-16.3-12.1-16.3-12.1s44.7 11 64.8 11c4.3 0 12.8 10.7 12.8 10.7s14.8-14.9 21.9-15.4c32.1-2.3 66.6-6.4 66.6-6.4s-10 6.7-16 8.5c-16.2 4.9-50.6 11.7-50.6 11.7l-4.8 7.5H277l-14.4 4.3 7.4 6.9s-7.8-4.1-18.1-2.1c-7.1 1.3-15.4 6-22.9 8-18.7 4.8-29.9-12.8-29.9-12.8l-15.9-.1z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kiribati +686</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#91DC5A" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 85.331h512v57.188H0zM0 369.48h512v57.177H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 165.215h512v181.582H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="190.33" cy="255.994" r="65.668"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M190.332 190.332l14.734 45.346h47.757l-38.65 28.028 14.849 45.481-38.69-28.16-38.631 28.107 14.79-45.428-38.616-28.028h47.722z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea +850</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h900v600H0z"></path><g transform="rotate(-56.31)"><g stroke="black" stroke-width="25"><path d="M-75 228.3H75m-150 37.5H75m-150 37.5H75M-75 778.3H75m-150 37.5H75m-150 37.5H75"></path></g><path stroke="white" stroke-width="12.5" d="M0 753.3v125"></path><circle fill="#ca163a" cy="540.8" r="150"></circle><path fill="#0e4896" d="M0 390.8c-41.4 0-75 33.6-75 75s33.6 75 75 75 75 33.6 75 75-33.6 75-75 75c-82.8 0-150-67.2-150-150s67.2-150 150-150z"></path></g><g stroke="black" stroke-width="25"><path d="M231.56 535.73l-83.205-124.808M262.76 514.928l-83.205-124.807m114.407 104.006l-83.205-124.808M689.187 230.644l-83.205-124.807M720.39 209.843L637.184 85.036m114.407 104.006L668.386 64.234"></path></g><path stroke="white" stroke-width="12.5" d="M205.6 462.897l31.202-20.8m389.981-259.989l36.444-24.296m31.202-20.801l31.202-20.801"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Korea, Republic of South Korea +82</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.34H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M220.72 42.63l7.95 16.11 17.77 2.58-12.86 12.54 3.04 17.7-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.03-17.7-12.86-12.54 17.78-2.58zM291.28 42.57l7.95 16.1 17.78 2.59-12.86 12.53 3.03 17.71-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.04-17.71-12.86-12.53 17.77-2.59zM353.36 53.93l7.95 16.11 17.77 2.58-12.86 12.54 3.04 17.7-15.9-8.35-15.9 8.35 3.04-17.7-12.87-12.54 17.78-2.58zM416.37 72.23l7.95 16.11 17.77 2.59-12.86 12.53 3.04 17.71-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.03-17.71-12.86-12.53 17.78-2.59zM158.64 53.93l7.95 16.11 17.78 2.58-12.87 12.54 3.04 17.7-15.9-8.35-15.9 8.35 3.04-17.7-12.86-12.54 17.77-2.58zM95.63 72.23l7.95 16.11 17.78 2.59-12.86 12.53 3.03 17.71-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.04-17.71-12.86-12.53 17.77-2.59z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M217.53 259.33l-27.22-13.61-27.22-54.43h27.22l27.22-27.22 13.61-27.22 27.22-13.61 13.61 13.61 27.22 13.61v13.61l13.61 13.61 40.83 27.22L340 245.73l-40.83 40.83-13.61-27.22-40.83 27.22v27.22l-13.61-13.61-13.59-40.84z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kosovo +383</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 342"><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><circle cx="256" cy="170.7" r="170.7"></circle></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M382.4 170.7L330.8 195l27.5 50-56.1-10.7-7.1 56.6-39.1-41.7-39.1 41.7-7.1-56.6-56.1 10.7 27.5-50-51.6-24.3 51.6-24.3-27.5-50.1 56.1 10.8 7.1-56.7L256 92.1l39.1-41.7 7.1 56.7 56.1-10.8-27.5 50.1z"></path><circle fill="#D80027" cx="257.4" cy="170.7" r="71.6"></circle><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M214.2 170.7c-2.1 0-4.1.1-6.2.3.1 12 4.4 22.9 11.6 31.5 3.8-10.3 9.5-19.6 16.7-27.7-6.9-2.7-14.3-4.1-22.1-4.1zM240.8 217.2c5.2 1.9 10.8 2.9 16.6 2.9 5.8 0 11.4-1 16.6-2.9-2.8-11.1-8.7-21-16.6-28.8-7.9 7.8-13.8 17.7-16.6 28.8zM300.2 146c-8.5-14.8-24.5-24.7-42.8-24.7-18.3 0-34.2 9.9-42.8 24.7 15.6.1 30.2 4.3 42.8 11.6 12.6-7.3 27.2-11.6 42.8-11.6zM278.5 174.8c7.2 8 12.9 17.4 16.7 27.7 7.2-8.5 11.5-19.5 11.6-31.5-2-.2-4.1-.3-6.2-.3-7.7 0-15.2 1.4-22.1 4.1z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kyrgyzstan +996</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 .1h513v90.7H0zM0 251.3h513V342H0z"></path></g><circle fill="white" cx="256.5" cy="171" r="65.9"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Laos +856</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#A2001D"><path class="prefix__st1" d="M0 0h513v127.6H0zM0 214.4h513V342H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Latvia +371</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 .2h513v90.7H0zM.5 251.3H513V342H.5z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M290.3 193.5L256 130.7l-34.3 62.8h25.7v17.2h17.2v-17.2z"></path><path fill="#14AF5A" d="M241.3 213.1c4.4-4.4 4.4-11.6-.1-16l4.7 4.7c-5.2-4.7-12.2-6.6-19.1-5.3l-23.5 5.9c-6.1 1.5-6.8-.4-1.8-4.2l27.1-20.3c5.1-3.8 4.2-6.9-2.3-6.9h-11c-6.4 0-7-2.3-1.5-5.1l25.3-12.7c5.6-2.8 5.1-5.1-1.5-5.1h-11c-6.4 0-7.4-3.1-2.3-6.9l27.1-20.3c5.6-3.8 12.9-3.8 18.5 0l27.1 20.3c5.1 3.8 4.2 6.9-2.3 6.9h-11c-6.4 0-7 2.3-1.5 5.1l25.3 12.7c5.6 2.8 5.1 5.1-1.5 5.1h-11c-6.4 0-7.4 3.1-2.3 6.9l27.1 20.3c5.1 3.8 4.4 5.7-1.8 4.2l-23.5-5.9c-6.8-1.3-13.9.6-19.1 5.3l4.7-4.7c-4.4 4.4-4.5 11.5-.1 16l6.8 6.8c4.4 4.4 3.1 8-3.3 8h-45.8c-6.2 0-7.7-3.6-3.3-8 .1.1 6.9-6.8 6.9-6.8z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Lebanon +961</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 227.6h513v114H0z"></path><path d="M245.2 171l7.7-23.1c2-5.9 5.1-6 7.1 0l7.7 23.1 19.4 29.1c1.7 2.6 1.3 6.3-1.2 8 0 0-6.9 8-29.5 8s-29.5-8-29.5-8c-2.4-2-2.9-5.4-1.2-8l19.5-29.1z"></path><path d="M256.5 171c-12.5 0-22.6-10.1-22.6-22.6 0-12.5 10.1-22.6 22.6-22.6s22.6 10.1 22.6 22.6c0 12.5-10.2 22.6-22.6 22.6zm0 0c6.2 0 11.3-16.3 11.3-22.6 0-6.2-5.1-11.3-11.3-11.3-6.2 0-11.3 5.1-11.3 11.3 0 6.3 5 22.6 11.3 22.6z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Lesotho +266</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 91.476h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 91.476h512v31.031H0zM0 153.539h512v31.031H0zM0 215.603h512v31.031H0zM0 277.666h512v31.031H0zM0 339.729h512v31.031H0zM0 401.793h512v31.031H0z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 79.177h256v167.457H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M127.999 118.382l11.05 34.01h35.764l-28.932 21.021 11.05 34.012-28.932-21.021-28.933 21.021 11.053-34.012-28.932-21.021h35.762z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Liberia +231</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M281.424 236.026l8.962 12.35 14.513-4.706-8.975 12.339 8.961 12.349-14.509-4.724-8.976 12.34.01-15.258-14.51-4.725 14.514-4.706z"></path><path d="M256.965 286.868c-17.048 0-30.868-13.821-30.868-30.868s13.821-30.868 30.868-30.868a30.742 30.742 0 0114.684 3.71c-6.851-6.698-16.218-10.833-26.556-10.833-20.982 0-37.992 17.01-37.992 37.992s17.01 37.992 37.992 37.992c10.338 0 19.706-4.135 26.556-10.833a30.738 30.738 0 01-14.684 3.708z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Libya +218</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v171H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M149.3 98.1c0-14-11.3-25.3-25.3-25.3-6.5 0-12.4 2.4-16.9 6.4V64.4h8.4V47.5h-8.4v-8.4H90.3v8.4h-8.4v16.9h8.4v14.9c-4.5-4-10.4-6.4-16.9-6.4-14 0-25.3 11.3-25.3 25.3 0 7.5 3.3 14.2 8.4 18.8v14.9h84.3V117c5.3-4.7 8.5-11.5 8.5-18.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Liechtenstein +423</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Lithuania +370</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Luxembourg +352</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M285.682 248.878c-4.19 0-8.166.836-11.861 2.164 2.023-4.509 3.379-9.527 3.379-14.885 0-21.201-21.201-37.101-21.201-37.101s-21.201 15.901-21.201 37.101c0 5.357 1.356 10.375 3.379 14.885-3.693-1.328-7.671-2.164-11.861-2.164-21.201 0-37.101 21.201-37.101 21.201s15.901 21.201 37.101 21.201c12.429 0 23.031-7.286 29.682-13.315 6.65 6.03 17.251 13.315 29.682 13.315 21.201 0 37.101-21.201 37.101-21.201s-15.899-21.201-37.099-21.201z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 152.111l4.38 13.476h14.171l-11.464 8.332 4.376 13.476-11.463-8.33-11.463 8.33 4.376-13.476-11.464-8.332h14.171zM202.112 175.683l8.425 7.585 9.818-5.667-4.61 10.355 8.423 7.588-11.274-1.185-4.611 10.355-2.358-11.088-11.275-1.185 9.818-5.669zM162.662 215.132l11.09 2.358 5.668-9.818 1.186 11.274 11.089 2.358-10.357 4.61 1.186 11.274-7.587-8.423-10.357 4.61 5.669-9.818zM309.889 175.683l-8.425 7.585-9.818-5.667 4.611 10.355-8.425 7.588 11.275-1.185 4.61 10.355 2.359-11.088 11.275-1.185-9.818-5.669zM349.338 215.132l-11.089 2.358-5.669-9.818-1.186 11.274-11.088 2.358 10.357 4.61-1.185 11.274 7.586-8.423 10.357 4.61-5.669-9.818z"></path></g><g fill="white"><path d="M256 350.642c16.84 0 32.363-5.619 44.816-15.073h-89.63c12.451 9.454 27.974 15.073 44.814 15.073zM187.977 306.12a74.138 74.138 0 008.85 15.073h118.345a74.13 74.13 0 008.85-15.073H187.977z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Macau +853</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 426.666V85.329H0v341.337h512z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.331H0v170.666h512V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.334h181.793v341.337H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Madagascar +261</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M307.01 166.957l-20.842-9.804 11.099-20.186-22.634 4.329-2.868-22.864L256 135.248l-15.764-16.816-2.869 22.864-22.633-4.329 11.099 20.186-20.843 9.804z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Malawi +265</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 42.7h512v42.7H0zM0 128h512v42.7H0zM0 213.3h512V256H0zM0 298.7h512v42.7H0z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h256v170.7H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M141.1 134.8c-28 0-45.9-24.8-45.9-49.5 0-24.8 17.9-49.5 45.9-49.5 8.7 0 18.1 1 25.3 4.9-11.2-11-26.6-17.8-43.6-17.8-34.4 0-62.4 27.9-62.4 62.4s27.9 62.4 62.4 62.4c17 0 32.3-6.8 43.6-17.8-7.1 3.9-16.5 4.9-25.3 4.9z"></path><path d="M171 49.7l9 18.8 20.3-4.7-9.1 18.8 16.4 12.9-20.4 4.6.1 20.9-16.3-13.1-16.2 13.1v-20.9l-20.3-4.6 16.3-12.9-9.1-18.8 20.3 4.7z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Malaysia +60</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.333H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M144.696 174.375h222.609v163.25H144.696z"></path><path fill="white" d="M283.484 304.226c-26.637 0-48.232-21.594-48.232-48.232s21.594-48.232 48.232-48.232c8.306 0 16.12 2.1 22.943 5.797-10.703-10.467-25.341-16.927-41.494-16.927-32.784 0-59.362 26.577-59.362 59.362s26.578 59.362 59.362 59.362c16.154 0 30.791-6.461 41.494-16.927-6.822 3.698-14.636 5.797-22.943 5.797z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Maldives +960</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mali +223</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 85.331h256v341.337H256z"></path><path fill="#ACABB1" d="M208.231 138.671v-21.334h-21.332v21.334h-21.334v21.332h21.334v21.334h21.332v-21.334h21.334v-21.332z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Malta +356</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M233.839 185.115l-20.844 9.803 11.1 20.187-22.633-4.33-2.868 22.864-15.765-16.816-15.766 16.816-2.867-22.864-22.634 4.33 11.1-20.187-20.843-9.803 20.843-9.805-11.1-20.185 22.633 4.328 2.869-22.864 15.765 16.816 15.765-16.816 2.868 22.864 22.634-4.328-11.1 20.186zM426.917 85.337L0 421.52v3.762L503.756 85.337z"></path></g><path fill="#FF9811" d="M512 85.337h-8.244L0 425.282v1.381h3.723L512 136.998z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Marshall Islands +692</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M512 233.734v44.521H278.261v148.402h-44.522V278.255H0v-44.521h233.739V85.331h44.522v148.403z"></path><path d="M386.607 175.885a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09V180h-34.09a4.12 4.12 0 01-4.115-4.115zM108.346 175.885a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09V180h-34.09a4.12 4.12 0 01-4.115-4.115zM386.607 368.809a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09v-21.159h-34.09a4.119 4.119 0 01-4.115-4.115zM108.346 368.809a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09v-21.159h-34.09a4.119 4.119 0 01-4.115-4.115z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Martinique +596</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 298.851c-45.956 0-84.348-32.298-93.767-75.429A96.288 96.288 0 00160 243.994c0 53.02 42.979 96 96 96s96-42.98 96-96c0-7.066-.785-13.942-2.233-20.572-9.419 43.131-47.811 75.429-93.767 75.429z"></path><path d="M255.999 171.994l8.935 27.502h28.918l-23.394 16.996 8.936 27.503-23.395-16.998-23.394 16.998 8.937-27.503-23.394-16.996h28.915z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mauritania +222</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 170.657h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 341.331h512v85.337H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mauritius +230</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 90 60"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h90v60H0z"></path><path stroke="#7f7f7f" stroke-width=".25" fill="#ABABAB" d="M12.8 38.5s4 1.6 1.2-.5c-2.4-1.7-5 2.4-5 5.1s1.2 7 7.5 7c7.6 0 11.4-5.7 11.4-11.4 0-4.8-3.7-13.5-6.5-14.6-3.1-1.2-6.7-3.5-6.8-5 0-.5 1.4-.1 3.3.9 3.1 1.7 6.6 2.5 6.6 1.4s-2.9-3.1-4-4.6c-1.2-1.6-.9-5.5-3-5.5-7.6 0-9.9 7.7-7 11.7 1.9 2.6-4.3 1-4.3 1s0 5.3 3.2 7.3c3 1.8 4.8 3.9 4.8 3.9s-.2-4.6.5-3.9c.6.7 11.1 4.5 10.3 12-.3 3-4.5 5.4-8.5 5.2-4-.2-6.8-2.4-6.4-5.4.2-4.2 2.7-4.6 2.7-4.6zM77.2 38.5s-4 1.6-1.2-.5c2.4-1.8 5.1 2.3 5.1 5.1s-1.2 7-7.5 7c-7.6 0-11.4-5.7-11.4-11.4 0-4.8 3.7-13.5 6.5-14.6 3.1-1.2 6.7-3.5 6.8-5 0-.5-1.4-.1-3.3.9-3.1 1.7-6.6 2.5-6.6 1.4s2.9-3.1 4-4.6c1.2-1.6.9-5.5 3-5.5 7.6 0 9.9 7.7 7 11.7-1.9 2.6 4.3 1 4.3 1s0 5.3-3.2 7.3c-3 1.8-4.8 3.9-4.8 3.9s.2-4.6-.5-3.9c-.6.7-11.1 4.5-10.3 12 .3 3 4.5 5.4 8.5 5.2 4-.2 6.8-2.4 6.4-5.4-.3-4.2-2.8-4.6-2.8-4.6z"></path><path fill="#DE393A" d="M31 28.8v14c0 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.1 1.6h9.3c1.2 0 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.3s1.4-2.3 2.5-2.3h9.6s2 .2 2-1.8V28.7H31z"></path><path fill="#3951A3" d="M31 13.1h28v15.7H31z"></path><path fill="white" d="M50.1 16.5c-.4 2.4-2.5 4.2-5.1 4.2-2.5 0-4.6-1.8-5.1-4.2-.5.9-.8 1.9-.8 3 0 3.3 2.6 5.9 5.9 5.9 3.3 0 5.9-2.6 5.9-5.9 0-1.1-.3-2.1-.8-3z"></path><circle fill="#FEE05F" cx="39.1" cy="36.5" r="3"></circle><circle fill="#FEE05F" cx="50.9" cy="36.5" r="3"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mayotte +262</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.334 85.33H0v341.332h512V85.33z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.333h170.663V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M170.663 85.333h170.663V426.67H170.663z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M208 255.996c0 26.509 21.491 48 48 48s48-21.491 48-48v-16h-96v16z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M320 223.996h-48c0-8.836-7.164-16-16-16s-16 7.164-16 16h-48c0 8.836 7.697 16 16.533 16H208c0 8.836 7.164 16 16 16 0 8.836 7.164 16 16 16h32c8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16 8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16h-.533c8.836 0 16.533-7.163 16.533-16z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mexico +52</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M256 37.9l10.1 31.2H299l-26.6 19.3 10.2 31.2-26.6-19.3-26.6 19.3 10.2-31.2L213 69.1h32.9zM123.2 170.7l31.2-10.2v-32.8l19.3 26.6 31.2-10.2-19.3 26.6 19.3 26.5-31.2-10.1-19.3 26.5v-32.8zM256 303.5l-10.1-31.2H213l26.6-19.3-10.2-31.3L256 241l26.6-19.3-10.2 31.3 26.6 19.3h-32.9zM388.8 170.7l-31.2 10.1v32.8l-19.3-26.5-31.2 10.1 19.3-26.5-19.3-26.6 31.2 10.2 19.3-26.6v32.8z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia +691</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M342 0h171v342H342z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path><path fill="#AF7F59" d="M206.2 129.1h33.2L256 79.3l16.6 49.8h33.2v99.6L256 262l-49.8-33.2v-99.7zm33.2 33.3v49.8h33.2v-49.8h-33.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Moldova +373</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.34h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.334v166.69L0 256.175V85.334z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Monaco +377</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#A2001D"><path d="M330.207 85.331H512v341.337H330.207zM0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0z"></path></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M113.163 267.125h14.84v59.359h-14.84zM53.793 267.125h14.84v59.359h-14.84z"></path><circle cx="90.902" cy="289.386" r="14.84"></circle><circle cx="90.902" cy="237.44" r="7.421"></circle><path d="M76.054 311.647h29.682v14.84H76.054zM76.054 252.288h29.682v14.84H76.054zM90.897 185.502l5.255 16.173h17.006l-13.757 9.996 5.252 16.173-13.756-9.996-13.756 9.996 5.251-16.173-13.756-9.996h17.005z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mongolia +976</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 115.011h512v281.978H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M218.899 211.478h74.202v-29.681l-14.84 7.42L256 166.957l-22.261 22.26-14.84-7.42zM322.783 256h-37.088a17 17 0 002.3-8.543c0-9.458-7.668-17.124-17.124-17.124-6.534 0-12.209 3.661-15.096 9.041-2.887-5.38-8.562-9.041-15.096-9.041-9.456 0-17.124 7.666-17.124 17.124 0 3.114.846 6.026 2.3 8.543h-36.636c0 11.349 9.885 20.549 21.232 20.549h-.685c0 9.31 6.192 17.168 14.68 19.694l-16.678 16.678 15.741 15.741 22.329-22.329c.875.321 1.78.577 2.714.752l-13.492 30.464c6.466 2.629 13.531 4.088 20.941 4.088s14.475-1.46 20.941-4.088l-13.492-30.464a17.108 17.108 0 002.714-.752l22.329 22.329 15.741-15.741-16.678-16.678c8.488-2.526 14.68-10.385 14.68-19.694h-.685c11.347 0 21.232-9.2 21.232-20.549z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M256 267.13l-24.116 11.131v22.261L256 315.362l24.116-14.84v-22.261z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M231.88 256h48.228v29.682H231.88z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Montenegro +382</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M334.222 191.996v78.221c0 38.103 49.777 49.779 49.777 49.779s49.778-11.675 49.778-49.779v-78.221h-99.555z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M334.222 270.217c0 38.103 49.777 49.779 49.777 49.779s49.778-11.675 49.778-49.779h-99.555z"></path><path d="M405.334 227.552H391.11v-14.223h-14.222v14.223h-14.222v14.223h14.222v42.665h14.222v-42.665h14.224z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.333v30.553l-45.167 25.099H256v59.359h-59.103L256 233.179v22.817h-26.68l-73.494-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.43 48.573H0v-30.554l45.167-25.098H0v-59.359h59.103L0 108.139V85.333h26.68l73.494 40.825V85.333h55.652v48.572l87.43-48.572z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.332H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.737l100.174-55.652z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.982L256 101.067V85.33l-100.174 55.652z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Montserrat +1664</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337v341.326h512V85.337z"></path><path fill="#20661b" d="M352 226.484h-73.337L256 156.738l-22.663 69.748H160l59.331 43.107-22.663 69.749L256 296.232l59.332 43.107-22.663-69.749L352 226.484zm-116.063 37.711l7.663-23.585h24.8l7.663 23.585v.001L256 278.772l-20.063-14.577zm27.873-37.711h-15.619L256 202.447l7.81 24.037zm24.269 28.982l-4.827-14.856h25.274l-20.447 14.856zm-59.331-14.856l-4.827 14.856-20.447-14.856h25.274zm-5.211 61.748l7.81-24.036 12.636 9.181-20.446 14.855zm44.479-14.856l12.636-9.181 7.81 24.036-20.446-14.855z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Morocco +212</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M83.477 195.132l15.107 46.498h48.894l-39.554 28.739 15.107 46.499-39.554-28.738-39.555 28.738 15.11-46.499-39.554-28.739H68.37z"></path><path fill="white" d="M39.268 256h88.42v40.578h-88.42z"></path><path d="M144.443 209.479l-14.347-14.347-46.618 46.618-46.617-46.618-14.347 14.347 46.658 46.577-46.658 46.658 14.347 14.154 46.617-46.534 46.618 46.534 14.347-14.154-46.659-46.658z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mozambique +258</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M384 227.261h-97.783L256 134.265l-30.217 92.997H128l79.108 57.475-30.217 92.998L256 320.925l79.108 56.81-30.217-92.998L384 227.261z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Myanmar +95</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 426.663V85.337h512"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 152.222V85.337H411.67L0 359.778v66.885h100.33z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M512 85.337v40.125L60.193 426.663H0v-40.125L451.807 85.337z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M187.737 189.212l-22.741 10.696 12.11 22.024-24.693-4.724-3.129 24.945-17.199-18.347-17.2 18.347-3.129-24.945-24.693 4.723 12.109-22.023-22.739-10.696 22.74-10.697-12.11-22.022 24.693 4.722 3.13-24.944 17.199 18.347 17.2-18.347 3.128 24.944 24.693-4.722-12.108 22.024z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Namibia +264</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 239.994h512v32H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M174.802 341.329l-19.124 8.996 10.184 18.521-20.767-3.973-2.631 20.978L128 370.422l-14.465 15.429-2.63-20.978-20.767 3.973 10.183-18.521-19.123-8.996 19.124-8.995-10.184-18.52 20.766 3.971 2.632-20.978L128 312.236l14.465-15.429 2.63 20.978 20.767-3.971-10.183 18.521z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nauru +674</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 426.663V85.337l280.419 174.75H87.61l183.576 166.576z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M244.769 249.888L10.199 103.71v312.754h234.57L61.193 249.888z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M98.003 324.433l-14.589-6.863 7.77-14.13-15.844 3.03-2.008-16.005-11.035 11.772-11.036-11.772-2.008 16.005-15.843-3.031 7.77 14.131-14.591 6.863 14.591 6.862-7.77 14.13 15.844-3.029 2.007 16.004 11.036-11.772L73.332 358.4l2.008-16.004 15.843 3.03-7.769-14.13zM88.268 191.662l-10.612-4.991 5.651-10.278-11.523 2.205-1.461-11.641-8.026 8.561-8.026-8.561-1.46 11.641-11.525-2.205 5.652 10.278-10.613 4.991 25.972 5.194z"></path><path d="M93.462 191.662c0 17.212-13.953 31.165-31.165 31.165s-31.165-13.953-31.165-31.165"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nepal +977</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Netherlands +31</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 640 426.7"><path fill="#009543" d="M0 293h640v133.7H0V293z"></path><path fill="#ED4135" d="M0 132h640v161.3H0V132z"></path><path fill="#0035AD" d="M0 0h640v133.3H0V0z"></path><circle fill="#FAE600" stroke="black" stroke-width="5.3" cx="240" cy="213.3" r="157.3"></circle><path d="M307.9 354.5l-31.8 12-36.1 4.2-37.8-2.4-35.9-15.5s28.6-29.3 40.7-33.5c8.6-3 22.4-3.7 22.4-3.7V122l-.3-66H246l-.5 67.5v191.7s15.3 1.2 22.1 4.1c11.3 4.9 40.3 35.2 40.3 35.2z"></path><path d="M212.727 102.375l42.955-21.418 5.577 11.187-42.955 21.417z"></path><ellipse cx="237.8" cy="280.5" rx="16.8" ry="26.5"></ellipse><circle cx="237.4" cy="143.4" r="20.9"></circle><ellipse cx="238.4" cy="211.1" rx="19.9" ry="12.1"></ellipse><path d="M213.8 177h47v10h-47zM213.8 234h47v10h-47z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">New Caledonia +687</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 214.447c-22.949 0-41.553 18.603-41.553 41.553S233.05 297.553 256 297.553c22.949 0 41.553-18.603 41.553-41.553S278.949 214.447 256 214.447zm0 65.298c-13.114 0-23.745-10.631-23.745-23.745s10.631-23.745 23.745-23.745 23.745 10.631 23.745 23.745-10.631 23.745-23.745 23.745z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M276.563 261.936L256 256l-20.563 5.936-6.855 11.873h54.836z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M256 226.32l-13.709 23.744L256 256l13.709-5.936z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M235.437 261.936h41.126l-6.854-11.872h-27.418z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nicaragua +505</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><circle fill="#FF9811" cx="256" cy="256" r="32"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Niger +227</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0zM341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nigeria +234</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.334h256v170.663H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.33h-32v69.333H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80z"></path></g><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 107.951v30.712h46.069zM96 85.331v48.913L22.628 85.331z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069zM160 85.331v48.913l73.372-48.913z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 107.951v30.712h46.069zM96 85.331v48.913L22.628 85.331z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069zM160 85.331v48.913l73.372-48.913z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 255.997v-15.082l57.377-38.252H80z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 233.376v-30.713h46.069zM96 255.994v-48.912l-73.372 48.912z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 255.997v-15.082l-57.377-38.252H176z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M256 233.376v-30.713h-46.069zM160 255.994v-48.912l73.372 48.912z"></path><circle cx="128" cy="170.66" r="22.627"></circle></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M128 154.663l3.97 12.222h12.854l-10.398 7.556 3.971 12.222L128 179.109l-10.398 7.554 3.972-12.222-10.398-7.556h12.853zM128 219.803l2.364 7.278h7.653l-6.19 4.498 2.364 7.278-6.191-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.364-7.278-6.19-4.498h7.652zM128 102.469l2.364 7.278h7.653l-6.19 4.498 2.364 7.278-6.191-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.364-7.278-6.19-4.498h7.652zM197.931 161.136l2.365 7.277h7.653l-6.192 4.499 2.365 7.279-6.191-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.365-7.279-6.191-4.499h7.652zM58.069 161.136l2.364 7.277h7.653l-6.191 4.499 2.364 7.279-6.19-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.365-7.279-6.192-4.499h7.653z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Niue +683</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0zM341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337zM304 311.995l-48-152.001-48 152.001h36v39.999h24v-39.999z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Norfolk Island +672</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M383.875 426.662L256 252.286l26.827 174.376zM133.565 85.33L256 252.286 230.314 85.33zM229.171 426.662L256 252.286 128.124 426.662zM0 85.33V212.9l256 39.386L28.333 85.33zM0 426.662h18.212L256 252.286 0 291.67zM256 252.286L512 212.9V85.33h-28.331zM281.686 85.33L256 252.286 378.434 85.33zM512 426.662V291.671l-256-39.385 237.787 174.376z"></path><circle cx="256" cy="252.29" r="59.359"></circle></g><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="256" cy="252.29" r="44.522"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">North Macedonia +389</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 750 500"><path fill="#0071BC" d="M0 0h750v500H0V0z"></path><g fill="white" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.9"><circle cx="375" cy="245" r="225" fill="white"></circle><circle cx="375" cy="245" r="165" fill="#0071BC"></circle></g><g stroke="black"><path fill="#8C8A8C" stroke-width="1.9" d="M444.7 450c.7 11-7.8 20-18.8 20H323.6c-11 0-19.5-9-19-20l16.7-325c.6-11 10-20 21-20h61.4c11 0 20.5 9 21.2 20l19.8 325z"></path><path fill="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M373 114l30 93h97l-78 56 29 92-78-56-78 57 30-93-79-57h97l30-92z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Northern Mariana Islands +1670</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 295.883H202.195v130.783H122.435V295.883H0V216.111h122.435V85.329H202.195v130.782H512V277.329z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M512 234.666v42.663H183.652v149.337h-42.674V277.329H0v-42.663h140.978V85.329h42.674v149.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Norway +47</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path></g><g fill="white"><path d="M189.746 160.439l-15.739-15.741-10.494 10.494-10.493-10.494-15.741 15.741 10.494 10.493-10.495 10.494 15.74 15.741 10.494-10.494 10.495 10.494 15.739-15.741-10.494-10.494zM211.478 85.331H512v111.315H211.478z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M211.478 315.353H512v111.304H211.478z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Oman +968</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><g fill="white"><path d="M393.508 170.516l17.512 18.875 23.363-10.821-12.541 22.487 17.513 18.876-25.263-4.978-12.539 22.488-3.073-25.564-25.263-4.978 23.363-10.82z"></path><path d="M0 85.343h512v341.326H0z"></path></g><path fill="#496E2D" d="M128 85.331h384v341.337H128z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M361.909 298.793c-31.037 22.426-74.378 15.446-96.804-15.592-22.427-31.038-15.446-74.379 15.593-96.804 9.677-6.992 20.55-11.125 31.613-12.563-21.283-3.183-43.777 1.613-62.598 15.211-38.2 27.602-46.792 80.944-19.191 119.145 27.601 38.199 80.944 46.792 119.145 19.189 18.82-13.598 30.436-33.448 34.096-54.655-4.839 10.05-12.176 19.076-21.854 26.069zM360.58 172.889l17.484 18.842 23.322-10.802-12.519 22.447 17.483 18.844-25.219-4.968-12.519 22.45-3.067-25.521-25.22-4.969 23.323-10.802z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Pakistan +92</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="218.902" cy="255.994" r="74.207"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Palau +680</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Palestine +970</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 85.33h512v341.332"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M204.631 326.488l2.762 8.504h8.941l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.502-7.233-5.254-7.233 5.254 2.762-8.502-7.233-5.255h8.94zM181.797 244.866l4.605 14.172h14.901l-12.056 8.757 4.605 14.172-12.055-8.759-12.055 8.759 4.606-14.172-12.056-8.757h14.901zM181.797 348.749l4.604 14.173h14.902l-12.057 8.757 4.606 14.173-12.055-8.759-12.055 8.759 4.604-14.173-12.054-8.757h14.899zM225.363 281.967l4.606 14.172h14.901l-12.056 8.758 4.605 14.172-12.056-8.759-12.054 8.759 4.606-14.172-12.056-8.758h14.901zM138.23 281.967l4.606 14.172h14.899l-12.054 8.758 4.603 14.172-12.054-8.759-12.055 8.759 4.605-14.172-12.055-8.758h14.9z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M376.526 204.163c-7.628-7.628-17.538-12.133-28.189-12.908l31.88-24.795c-12.698-12.698-29.714-18.431-46.319-17.218a44.31 44.31 0 00-11.396-19.511l-12.593 25.186a18.47 18.47 0 00-3.148-4.197c-7.245-7.245-18.991-7.244-26.234 0s-7.245 18.99 0 26.234a18.536 18.536 0 004.197 3.148l-25.186 12.593a44.303 44.303 0 0019.519 11.399c-1.217 16.606 4.511 33.619 17.209 46.317L324.12 214.6a11.053 11.053 0 017.807-3.202c2.973 0 5.768 1.158 7.87 3.26a11.055 11.055 0 013.26 7.87c0 2.974-1.158 5.768-3.26 7.87l10.494 10.494c4.905-4.905 7.607-11.428 7.607-18.364 0-5.675-1.81-11.071-5.153-15.534a29.492 29.492 0 0113.288 7.662c11.573 11.572 11.573 30.403 0 41.975l10.494 10.494c8.409-8.409 13.039-19.59 13.039-31.481-.001-11.892-4.632-23.072-13.04-31.481z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Papua New Guinea +675</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M289.579 216.738l-12.592 12.592c5.37 5.372 8.693 12.792 8.693 20.988 0 16.392-13.289 29.68-29.68 29.68-16.392 0-29.68-13.289-29.68-29.68 0-8.195 3.322-15.616 8.693-20.988l-12.592-12.592c-8.594 8.594-13.91 20.466-13.91 33.579 0 26.228 21.261 47.489 47.489 47.489s47.489-21.261 47.489-47.489c0-13.112-5.316-24.985-13.91-33.579z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 232.51l4.421 13.605h14.304l-11.573 8.408 4.421 13.604L256 259.719l-11.573 8.408 4.421-13.604-11.573-8.408h14.304z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Paraguay +595</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0zM341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Peru +51</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M512 85.337V256H256L0 85.337z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 256v170.663H0L256 256z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M161.908 256l-27.288-12.835 14.532-26.428-29.632 5.668-3.755-29.933-20.64 22.015-20.639-22.015-3.755 29.933-29.631-5.669 14.531 26.428L28.343 256l27.288 12.835L41.1 295.263l29.633-5.668 3.753 29.933 20.639-22.015 20.64 22.015 3.755-29.933 29.631 5.669-14.532-26.427zM21.789 117.607l9.081 12.696 14.879-4.714-9.268 12.56 9.081 12.694-14.809-4.932-9.268 12.559.117-15.608-14.809-4.934 14.88-4.712zM21.789 353.53l9.081 12.696 14.879-4.714-9.268 12.56 9.081 12.695-14.809-4.933-9.268 12.558.117-15.607-14.809-4.934 14.88-4.712zM210.395 235.569l-9.081 12.695-14.879-4.713 9.268 12.559-9.081 12.696 14.809-4.933 9.268 12.558-.117-15.607 14.809-4.934-14.88-4.713z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Philippines +63</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#ACABB1" d="M400.696 219.822L384 225.387l-16.696-5.565-5.565-13.913 5.565-13.913h33.392l-5.566 13.913z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M345.043 219.822v61.217c0 29.821 38.957 38.957 38.957 38.957s38.957-9.137 38.957-38.957v-61.217h-77.914z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M348.555 295.541C358.131 313.927 384 319.996 384 319.996s25.869-6.069 35.445-24.455L384 236.518l-35.445 59.023z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M422.957 280.421L384 219.822l-38.957 60.599v.618c0 5.518 1.337 10.328 3.512 14.503L384 240.405l35.445 55.137c2.175-4.175 3.512-8.983 3.512-14.503v-.618z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.333v30.553l-45.167 25.099H256v59.359h-59.103L256 233.179v22.817h-26.68l-73.494-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.43 48.573H0v-30.554l45.167-25.098H0v-59.359h59.103L0 108.139V85.333h26.68l73.494 40.825V85.333h55.652v48.572l87.43-48.572z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.332H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.737l100.174-55.652z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.982L256 101.067V85.33l-100.174 55.652z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Pitcairn +872</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><g fill="white"><path d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512V256H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 256h512v170.663H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Poland +48</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M196.641 85.337v341.326H0V85.337z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="196.641" cy="256" r="64"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M160.638 224v40.001c0 19.882 16.118 36 36 36s36-16.118 36-36V224h-72z"></path><path fill="white" d="M196.638 276c-6.617 0-12-5.383-12-12v-16h24.001v16c-.001 6.616-5.385 12-12.001 12z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Portugal +351</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.337h512V153.6H0zM0 221.863h512v68.263H0zM0 358.4h512v68.263H0z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M83.477 195.132l15.107 46.498h48.894l-39.554 28.739 15.107 46.499-39.554-28.738-39.555 28.738 15.11-46.499-39.554-28.739H68.37z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Puerto Rico +1939</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#751A46" d="M2.216 86.076H512v339.848H2.216z"></path><path fill="white" d="M209.455 154.969l-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.266 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.268 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.268-36.45 18.33H0V86.07h172.939l36.516 18.364-50.236 25.267z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Qatar +974</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 26.666 640 426.666"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-width="1pt"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h640v480H0z"></path><path fill="#00267f" d="M0 0h213.3v480H0z"></path><path fill="#f31830" d="M426.7 0H640v480H426.7z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Reunion +262</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Romania +40</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.33v341.332h512V85.33z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.333h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.884h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Russia +7</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 255.994h512v81.619H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 337.614h512v89.043H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M278.261 185.209l20.844 9.804-11.099 20.186 22.632-4.33 2.868 22.865 15.765-16.816 15.766 16.816 2.867-22.865 22.633 4.33-11.099-20.186 20.843-9.804-20.844-9.805 11.1-20.185-22.633 4.329-2.868-22.864-15.765 16.816-15.766-16.816-2.867 22.864-22.634-4.329 11.1 20.187z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Rwanda +250</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.33H0z"></path><path fill="#E6BC00" d="M157.31 199.76s-9.04 43.93-19.31 40.39c-10.62-3.54-17.53-18.76-17.53-18.76l-14.52 21.24s38.18 8.48 41.01 5.47c1.22-1.14 8.21-15.1 10.34-26.05v-22.29zm-56.13 60.57s-2.48 20.18-1.06 22.66c1.24 2.3 39.48 11.33 39.48 11.33s-24.96 16.46-29.74 20.54L91.8 284.94l-.71-24.61h10.09zM112.51 94.64s39.65 41.6 40.36 45.5c.71 3.72-4.25 3.19-4.25 3.19s-44.79-37.53-49.92-41.07c-5.31-3.55 13.81-7.62 13.81-7.62z"></path><path fill="#ADADAD" d="M99.41 104.73s16.99-.71 16.64-11.51c-.35-10.62-11.15-14.87-19.12-12.39-7.97 2.3-23.01 13.45-13.63 35.05 9.38 21.42 23.37 29.39 26.2 47.8 0 0-5.46 9.86-19.12.35-16.9-11.77-6.2-38.24-10.44-44.96-4.25-7.08-40.95-38.92-40.95-38.92s-30.24 39.37-18 74.92c16.95 49.21 51.74 31.98 64.61 36.76 0 0-42.13 61.96-49.57 67.09 0 0 24.08 8.32 47.8-18.76 0 0 5.84 9.74 7.08 20.18h10.27c4.78-26.2 51.51-64.26 49.92-82.32-1.77-21.25-49.21-49.39-51.69-73.29z"></path><path fill="#E6BC00" d="M359.17 201.27s8.96 42.43 19.23 38.89c10.62-3.54 17.53-18.76 17.53-18.76l14.52 21.24s-37 8.48-39.83 5.47c-1.21-1.14-9.32-13.79-11.52-24.66l.07-22.18zm56.05 59.06s2.48 20.18 1.06 22.66c-1.24 2.3-39.48 11.33-39.48 11.33s24.96 16.46 29.74 20.54l18.06-29.92.71-24.61h-10.09zM403.89 94.64s-39.65 41.6-40.36 45.5c-.71 3.72 4.25 3.19 4.25 3.19s44.79-37.53 49.92-41.07c5.14-3.55-13.81-7.62-13.81-7.62z"></path><path fill="#125ECC" d="M157.31 87.06H359.1v145.46c0 16.06-9.69 21.39-21.91 31.85l-45.92 39.41c-18.25 15.62-47.91 15.57-66.07 0l-46.01-39.43c-12.08-10.35-21.88-15.71-21.88-31.82V87.06z"></path><path fill="#FFE600" d="M200.55 147.71c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm57.65-3c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm57.65 3c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zM214.96 274.43c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41c.01 7.96-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm43.24 14.42c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41c0 7.95-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm43.24-14.42c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41z"></path><path fill="#D60537" d="M157.31 175.36H359.1v57.65H157.31v-57.65z"></path><path fill="#EACE00" d="M142.9 43.82s57.65-14.41 115.31-14.41 115.31 14.41 115.31 14.41l-14.41 57.65s-50.45-14.41-100.89-14.41-100.89 14.41-100.89 14.41L142.9 43.82z"></path><path fill="#7A6920" d="M258.2 72.65c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm57.65 5c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm-115.3 0c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41z"></path><path fill="#ADADAD" d="M365.08 178.02c-1.59 18.06 45.14 56.12 49.92 82.32h10.27c1.24-10.44 7.08-20.18 7.08-20.18 23.72 27.09 47.8 18.76 47.8 18.76-7.44-5.13-49.57-67.09-49.57-67.09 12.88-4.78 47.67 12.45 64.61-36.76 12.24-35.55-18-74.92-18-74.92s-36.7 31.84-40.95 38.92c-4.25 6.73 6.46 33.2-10.44 44.96-13.66 9.51-19.12-.35-19.12-.35 2.83-18.41 16.82-26.38 26.2-47.8 9.38-21.6-5.66-32.75-13.63-35.05-7.97-2.48-18.76 1.77-19.12 12.39-.35 10.8 16.64 11.51 16.64 11.51-2.48 23.9-49.92 52.04-51.69 73.29z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="258.2" cy="204.19" r="16.93"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Barthelemy +590</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v117.4h-46.1l46.1 30.7v22.6h-22.6L160 121.8v48.9H96v-48.9l-73.4 48.9H0v-22.6l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.7V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.3H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.3H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.3H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.3H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 170.7v-15.1l57.4-38.2H80zM256 170.7v-15.1l-57.4-38.2H176z"></path></g><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M449 139.7c-.1 44.4-7.2 92.1-65 114.9-57.8-22.8-64.9-70.5-65-114.9h130z"></path><path fill="#ffda44" d="M449 139.7c0-16.7-.9-32.9-.5-47.1C426.9 83 398.4 81 383.9 81s-42.9 2-64.6 11.6c.4 14.2-.5 30.4-.5 47.1H449z"></path><path fill="#BF521B" d="M369.5 204.5l.3 10.3-12.8.2 4.9 13.2h-17.3c-18-20.2-23.4-42.4-24.9-68.1l9.1-9.7 8.3 14.3 10.8-12.8 7 7.8.8 15.7 13.8 29.1z"></path><path fill="#474747" d="M436.6 192.5l-8.6 18.3h-47l-29.2-19.5 25.7 10.5h25.1l3.7-6.5 7.2.2 2-3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan Da Cunha +290</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 0H0v342"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M307.7 0L0 194.5V342h206.9L513 148.5V0z"></path><path d="M513 0H385.2L0 249.4V341l126.2 1L513 91.6z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M141.1 187l31.2 24 32.3-22.2-13.1 37 31.1 23.9-39.2-1.1-13.2 37-11.1-37.6-39.2-1.1 32.3-22.2zM310.6 70.8l31.2 23.9 32.3-22.2-13.1 37 31.1 23.9-39.2-1.1-13.2 37-11.1-37.6-39.2-1.1 32.4-22.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Kitts and Nevis +1869</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#55B2FF" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#F3F3F3" d="M148.5 298.1h216l-108-254.2z"></path><path fill="#333" d="M186 272.7l70.5-160.3L327 272.7z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M148.5 298.1h216l-108-101.7z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Lucia +1758</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 108 72"><path d="M0 0h108v72H0z" fill="#003787"></path><path d="M0 0h108L60 48v24H48V48z" fill="white"></path><circle cx="54" cy="30" r="8" fill="#f9d90f"></circle><path d="M44 30h20L54 48z" fill="white"></path><path d="M54 48L38 33h32z" fill="#cf142b"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Martin +590</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 26.666 640 426.666"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-width="1pt"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h640v480H0z"></path><path fill="#00267f" d="M0 0h213.3v480H0z"></path><path fill="#f31830" d="M426.7 0H640v480H426.7z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Pierre and Miquelon +508</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337zM214.261 283.82l-33.393-50.086 33.392-50.087 33.392 50.087zM297.739 283.82l-33.391-50.086 33.391-50.087 33.393 50.087zM256 350.603l-33.391-50.087L256 250.429l33.391 50.087z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines +1784</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h256v170.663H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M165.483 181.79l2.764 8.504h8.939l-7.232 5.254 2.763 8.503-7.234-5.255-7.233 5.255 2.763-8.503-7.233-5.254h8.94zM120.579 115.007l4.606 14.173h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.605 14.171-12.056-8.758-12.054 8.758 4.605-14.171-12.056-8.757h14.901zM165.101 129.848l4.606 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.604 14.173-12.055-8.76-12.054 8.76 4.604-14.173-12.055-8.757h14.9zM129.909 189.211l4.606 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.758 4.604 14.171-12.055-8.759-12.054 8.759 4.604-14.171-12.055-8.758h14.9zM90.899 152.108l4.605 14.173h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.604 14.173-12.054-8.76-12.055 8.76 4.604-14.173-12.055-8.757h14.9z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Samoa +685</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.34h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 85.334v166.69L0 256.175V85.334z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M323.744 203.099L256 270.843l-67.744-67.744a81.156 81.156 0 00-13.879 45.483v22.261c0 35.744 23.097 66.193 55.148 77.213-4.277 8.385-3.556 18.848 2.712 26.671l24.258-19.439 24.258 19.439c6.342-7.915 7.011-18.534 2.564-26.968 31.614-11.261 54.308-41.485 54.308-76.916v-22.261a81.174 81.174 0 00-13.881-45.483z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 330.206c-32.732 0-59.362-26.63-59.362-59.362v-22.261c0-32.733 26.63-59.363 59.362-59.363s59.362 26.63 59.362 59.362v22.261c0 32.733-26.63 59.363-59.362 59.363z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M293.101 270.843v-22.261c0-20.458-16.643-37.101-37.101-37.101s-37.101 16.643-37.101 37.101v22.261L256 278.264l37.101-7.421z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M218.899 270.843c0 20.458 16.643 37.101 37.101 37.101s37.101-16.643 37.101-37.101h-74.202z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M300.522 189.22c0-12.295-9.966-22.261-22.261-22.261a22.173 22.173 0 00-14.84 5.672v-13.093h7.421v-14.84h-7.421v-7.421h-14.84v7.421h-7.421v14.84h7.421v13.093a22.177 22.177 0 00-14.841-5.672c-12.295 0-22.261 9.966-22.261 22.261 0 6.591 2.867 12.512 7.421 16.589v13.093h74.203v-13.093c4.552-4.077 7.419-9.997 7.419-16.589z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">San Marino +378</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path d="M302.049 226.318l7.368 22.674h23.842l-19.288 14.016 7.366 22.674-19.288-14.015-19.287 14.015 7.366-22.674-19.288-14.016h23.842zM376.252 226.318l7.367 22.674h23.842l-19.288 14.016 7.367 22.674-19.288-14.015-19.288 14.015 7.367-22.674-19.288-14.016h23.842z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sao Tome and Principe +239</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M183.548 289.386c0 12.295 9.731 22.261 21.736 22.261h65.208c0 10.244 8.11 18.551 18.114 18.551h21.736c10.004 0 18.114-8.306 18.114-18.551v-22.261H183.548zM330.264 181.791v51.942c0 8.183-6.5 14.84-14.491 14.84v22.261c19.976 0 36.226-16.643 36.226-37.101v-51.942h-21.735zM174.491 233.734c0 8.183-6.5 14.84-14.491 14.84v22.261c19.976 0 36.226-16.643 36.226-37.101v-51.942H174.49v51.942z"></path><path d="M297.661 181.788h21.736v51.942h-21.736zM265.057 211.473c0 2.046-1.625 3.71-3.623 3.71-1.998 0-3.623-1.664-3.623-3.71v-29.682h-21.736v29.682c0 2.046-1.625 3.71-3.623 3.71s-3.623-1.664-3.623-3.71v-29.682h-21.736v29.682c0 14.32 11.376 25.971 25.358 25.971 5.385 0 10.38-1.733 14.491-4.677 4.11 2.944 9.106 4.677 14.491 4.677 1.084 0 2.15-.078 3.2-.215-1.54 6.499-7.255 11.345-14.068 11.345v22.261c19.976 0 36.226-16.643 36.226-37.101v-51.943h-21.736l.002 29.682z"></path><path d="M207.093 248.57h32.601v22.261h-32.601z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saudi Arabia +966</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M330.207 85.331H512v341.337H330.207z"></path><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0zM255.999 196.632l14.733 45.347h47.685l-38.576 28.029 14.734 45.348-38.576-28.026-38.577 28.026 14.737-45.348-38.576-28.029h47.681z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Senegal +221</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M129.468 181.793v85.136c0 48.429 63.267 63.267 63.267 63.267S256 315.356 256 266.929v-85.136H129.468z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M155.634 196.634h74.201v-29.681l-14.841 7.42-22.261-22.26-22.259 22.26-14.84-7.42zM241.16 278.782l-48.231-48.231-48.231 48.231 15.741 15.74 32.49-32.49 32.49 32.49z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M241.16 233.734h-22.504a14.74 14.74 0 002.001-7.418c0-8.196-6.645-14.84-14.84-14.84-5.663 0-10.581 3.172-13.083 7.836-2.502-4.663-7.421-7.836-13.083-7.836-8.195 0-14.84 6.644-14.84 14.84 0 2.706.736 5.235 2.001 7.418h-22.114c0 8.196 7.139 14.84 15.334 14.84h-.494c0 8.196 6.644 14.84 14.84 14.84 0 7.257 5.211 13.286 12.094 14.576l-11.694 26.401a48.075 48.075 0 0018.149 3.544 48.079 48.079 0 0018.149-3.544l-11.694-26.401c6.883-1.29 12.094-7.319 12.094-14.576 8.196 0 14.84-6.644 14.84-14.84h-.494c8.199 0 15.338-6.644 15.338-14.84z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Serbia +381</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M235.454 85.337L0 426.663 427.345 85.337z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 329.393L0 426.663h512z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.337h-84.655L0 426.663l512-204.512z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337v341.326L235.454 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Seychelles +248</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sierra Leone +232</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.331v166.69L0 256.173V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M59.621 256a59.546 59.546 0 00-.193 4.57c0 32.821 26.607 59.429 59.429 59.429s59.429-26.607 59.429-59.429c0-1.539-.078-3.061-.193-4.57H59.621z"></path><circle cx="118.862" cy="210.287" r="18.286"></circle></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M77.715 205.714v59.429c0 31.494 41.144 41.143 41.144 41.143s41.144-9.649 41.144-41.143v-59.429H77.715z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M118.877 287.148c-7.632-2.746-22.876-9.767-22.876-22.006v-41.144h45.715v41.144c-.001 12.28-15.244 19.283-22.839 22.006z"></path><path fill="#F3F3F3" d="M128.001 246.856v-9.142l-9.144-4.571-9.142 4.571v9.142l-4.571 4.573v18.285h27.428v-18.285z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sint Maarten +1721</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 196.641h512v118.717H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 315.359h512v111.304H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M129.468 181.799v85.136c0 48.429 63.267 63.267 63.267 63.267S256 315.362 256 266.935v-85.136H129.468z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M146.126 184.294v81.941c0 5.472 1.215 10.64 3.623 15.485h85.97c2.408-4.844 3.623-10.012 3.623-15.485v-81.941h-93.216z"></path><path fill="white" d="M221.301 241.427h-21.425v-14.283h14.284v-14.283h-14.284v-14.284h-14.283v14.284h-14.282v14.283h14.282v14.283h-21.426v14.284h21.426v14.283h14.283v-14.283h21.425z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M169.232 301.658c9.204 5.783 18.66 9.143 23.502 10.636 4.842-1.494 14.298-4.852 23.502-10.636 9.282-5.833 15.79-12.506 19.484-19.939a24.878 24.878 0 00-14.418-4.583c-1.956 0-3.856.232-5.682.657-3.871-8.796-12.658-14.94-22.884-14.94-10.227 0-19.013 6.144-22.884 14.94a25.048 25.048 0 00-5.682-.657 24.88 24.88 0 00-14.418 4.583c3.691 7.433 10.198 14.106 19.48 19.939z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Slovakia +421</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 199.112h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M233.606 196.639v14.837c0 34.081-44.522 44.522-44.522 44.522s-44.522-10.44-44.522-44.522v-14.837l-.145-44.188 89.043-.266.146 44.454z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M233.606 196.639v14.837c0 34.081-44.522 44.522-44.522 44.522s-44.522-10.44-44.522-44.522v-14.837l-.145-44.188 89.043-.266.146 44.454z"></path><path fill="white" d="M233.606 196.639v14.837c0 34.081-44.522 44.522-44.522 44.522s-44.522-10.44-44.522-44.522v-14.837l14.848 14.837 29.674-22.261 29.685 22.261 14.837-14.837z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Slovenia +386</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 426.663V85.329h512"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 396.494v30.169h45.255L512 115.499v-30.17h-45.255z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M85.688 108.787l5.12 15.756h16.566l-13.403 9.737 5.12 15.757-13.403-9.738-13.405 9.738 5.12-15.757L64 124.543h16.567zM170.312 108.787l5.121 15.756H192l-13.403 9.737 5.12 15.757-13.405-9.738-13.403 9.738 5.12-15.757-13.403-9.737h16.566zM85.688 191.289l5.12 15.756h16.566l-13.403 9.738 5.12 15.757-13.403-9.739-13.405 9.739 5.12-15.757L64 207.045h16.567zM170.312 191.289l5.121 15.756H192l-13.403 9.738 5.12 15.757-13.405-9.739-13.403 9.739 5.12-15.757-13.403-9.738h16.566zM128 150.037l5.12 15.756h16.568l-13.405 9.738 5.12 15.758L128 181.55l-13.403 9.739 5.12-15.758-13.405-9.738h16.568z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Solomon Islands +677</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 157.273l22.663 69.748H352l-59.332 43.106 22.664 69.749L256 296.769l-59.332 43.107 22.664-69.749L160 227.021h73.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Somalia +252</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M114.024 256.001L0 141.926v228.17z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M161.192 256L0 94.7v47.226l114.024 114.075L0 370.096v47.138z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M509.833 289.391c.058-.44.804-.878 2.167-1.318v-65.464H222.602L85.33 85.337H0V94.7L161.192 256 0 417.234v9.429h85.33l137.272-137.272h287.231z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M503.181 322.783H236.433l-103.881 103.88H512v-103.88z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M503.181 189.217H512V85.337H132.552l103.881 103.88z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">South Africa +27</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v117.4h-46.1l46.1 30.7v22.6h-22.6L160 121.8v48.9H96v-48.9l-73.4 48.9H0v-22.6l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.7V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 170.7v-11l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 170.7zM7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256 .1v11l-62.5 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 170.7l-77.8-53.3h22.6l62.5 42.3v11z"></path><g><ellipse fill="white" cx="443.4" cy="233.6" rx="29" ry="43.5"></ellipse><ellipse fill="#FFCE00" cx="406.9" cy="317.7" rx="22" ry="9.3"></ellipse><ellipse fill="#FFCE00" cx="364" cy="317.7" rx="22" ry="9.3"></ellipse><path fill="#39B200" d="M342 190.1l43.4 86.9 43.5-86.9z"></path><ellipse fill="#9B9B9B" cx="327.5" cy="233.6" rx="29" ry="43.5"></ellipse><path fill="#757575" d="M371 175.6l-14.5 14.5h57.9l-14.5-14.5 14.5-43.5s-13-29-29-29-29 29-29 29l14.6 43.5z"></path><circle fill="#C6B56F" cx="385.4" cy="67" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#A54A00" cx="386" cy="88.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="white" cx="443.4" cy="117.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#0049FF" cx="342.2" cy="146.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#0041F9" cx="429.8" cy="146.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#F7D71E" cx="386" cy="233.6" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#CEC851" cx="457.9" cy="190.1" r="29"></circle><circle fill="white" cx="385.4" cy="289.5" r="29"></circle><path fill="#7C0B29" d="M371 135.7l14.5-3.5 14.5 3.5c0 7.5-14.5 11-14.5 11s-14.5-3.5-14.5-11z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="327.5" cy="117.4" r="29"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands +500</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M73.178 209.188l20.831 29.067 34.084-10.83-21.207 28.795 20.83 29.069-33.939-11.271-21.208 28.794.234-35.762-33.94-11.273 34.083-10.83z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">South Sudan +211</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0zM0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Spain +34</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.329v341.337h512V85.329H0zm489.739 319.076h-267.13V107.59h267.13v296.815z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M222.609 107.595h267.13V404.41h-267.13z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M22.261 107.595h200.348V404.41H22.261z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M200.348 85.334h22.261v341.337h-22.261z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M22.261 107.595h89.043V404.41H22.261z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M111.304 107.595h89.043V404.41h-89.043z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M358.675 250.438v-44.522c0-7.424-11.13-14.848-11.13-14.848s-11.13 7.424-11.13 14.848h-44.522v44.522h22.261v22.261c0 4.875.979 9.539 2.76 13.768l-10.184 8.493h-29.674V157.677c-12.299 0-22.261 9.973-22.261 22.261v96.467a22.19 22.19 0 007.413 16.584v35.361h14.848v-18.554h66.783v29.685H328.99v14.837h29.685v-29.685l13.601-14.837h44.288v29.685h-14.848v14.837h29.685v-29.685l13.601-14.837 12.552-40.259-11.038-19.1h-38.945c-14.169-.122-40.637.09-48.896.001z"></path><path d="M370.551 211.844v25.229h71.513v13.365h4.452v-17.817h-71.513v-16.325h75.965v-4.452zM222.609 107.595h22.261v22.261h-22.261zM467.478 107.595h22.261v22.261h-22.261zM222.609 382.138h22.261v22.261h-22.261zM467.478 382.138h22.261v22.261h-22.261z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sri Lanka +94</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 426.668V85.331l256 170.675z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sudan +249</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 196.636h512v118.728H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 352.462h512v74.207H0zM0 85.331h512v74.207H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256.742 218.003l9.43 29.021h30.518L272 264.963l9.431 29.023-24.689-17.937-24.689 17.937 9.431-29.023-24.69-17.939h30.518z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Suriname +597</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 295.883H202.195v130.783H122.435V295.883H0V216.111h122.435V85.329H202.195v130.782H512V277.329z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M512 234.666v42.663H183.652v149.337h-42.674V277.329H0v-42.663h140.978V85.329h42.674v149.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Svalbard and Jan Mayen +47</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M192 85.33h-64v138.666H0v64h128v138.666h64V287.996h320v-64H192z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sweden +46</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M356.174 222.609h-66.783v-66.783h-66.782v66.783h-66.783v66.782h66.783v66.783h66.782v-66.783h66.783z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Switzerland +41</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M187.31 215.184l9.208 28.341h29.802l-24.11 17.518 9.209 28.342-24.109-17.516-24.11 17.516 9.209-28.342-24.109-17.518h29.801zM324.69 215.184l9.209 28.341H363.7l-24.109 17.518 9.209 28.342-24.11-17.516-24.109 17.516 9.209-28.342-24.11-17.518h29.802z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Syrian Arab Republic +963</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h256V256H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M186.435 170.669L162.558 181.9l12.714 23.125-25.927-4.961-3.286 26.192L128 206.993l-18.06 19.263-3.285-26.192-25.927 4.96 12.714-23.125-23.877-11.23 23.877-11.231-12.714-23.125 25.927 4.96 3.286-26.192L128 134.344l18.06-19.263 3.285 26.192 25.928-4.96-12.715 23.125z"></path><circle fill="#0052B4" cx="128" cy="170.674" r="29.006"></circle><path fill="white" d="M128 190.06c-10.692 0-19.391-8.7-19.391-19.391 0-10.692 8.7-19.391 19.391-19.391 10.692 0 19.391 8.7 19.391 19.391 0 10.691-8.699 19.391-19.391 19.391z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Taiwan +886</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M226.318 300.522h59.364v-25.23l-11.873 5.937L256 263.421l-17.809 17.808-11.873-5.937zM192.355 270.84l2.763 8.504h8.94l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.502-7.233-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.763-8.502-7.233-5.255h8.94zM200.921 241.16l2.763 8.502h8.94l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.504-7.233-5.256-7.234 5.256 2.763-8.504-7.233-5.255h8.94zM225.409 218.899l2.763 8.502h8.94l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.504-7.233-5.256-7.234 5.256 2.763-8.504-7.233-5.255h8.94zM319.645 270.84l-2.763 8.504h-8.94l7.233 5.255-2.763 8.502 7.233-5.255 7.234 5.255-2.763-8.502 7.233-5.255h-8.94zM311.079 241.16l-2.763 8.502h-8.94l7.233 5.255-2.763 8.504 7.233-5.256 7.234 5.256-2.763-8.504 7.233-5.255h-8.94zM286.591 218.899l-2.763 8.502h-8.94l7.233 5.255-2.763 8.504 7.233-5.256 7.234 5.256-2.763-8.504 7.233-5.255h-8.94zM256 207.767l2.763 8.503h8.941l-7.234 5.256 2.763 8.502-7.233-5.254-7.233 5.254 2.763-8.502-7.234-5.256h8.941z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tajikistan +992</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 426.663V85.337h512"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 152.222V85.337H411.67L0 359.778v66.885h100.33z"></path><path d="M512 85.337v40.125L60.193 426.663H0v-40.125L451.807 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania +255</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.334h512V426.66H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 194.056h512v123.882H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.334h512v54.522H0zM0 372.143h512v54.522H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Thailand +66</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 256L0 90.691v44.242L155.826 256 0 377.067v44.242z"></path><path d="M0 90.691v330.618L189.217 256z"></path><path fill="white" d="M44.184 213.36l24.912 23.577 30.121-16.41-14.723 30.98 24.911 23.575-34.012-4.43L60.67 301.63l-6.296-33.716-34.012-4.43 30.119-16.408z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Timor-Leste +670</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M0 85.337h512V153.6H0zM0 358.4h512v68.263H0zM0 221.863h512v68.263H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h204.054v204.054H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M102.026 133.938l13.26 40.812h42.916l-34.718 25.226 13.26 40.814-34.718-25.224-34.719 25.224 13.263-40.814-34.718-25.226h42.913z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Togo +228</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M210.715 174.377l3.684 11.338h11.919l-9.643 7.006 3.684 11.337-9.644-7.007-9.644 7.007 3.684-11.337-9.645-7.006h11.921zM116.816 281.971l4.605 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.606 14.173-12.056-8.76-12.055 8.76 4.604-14.173-12.054-8.757h14.899zM144.696 119.679l4.604 14.172h14.901l-12.056 8.758 4.606 14.171-12.055-8.759-12.056 8.759 4.606-14.171-12.055-8.758h14.9zM69.539 175.331l4.604 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.758 4.606 14.171-12.055-8.758-12.056 8.758 4.606-14.171-12.055-8.758h14.9z"></path></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M483.386 354.503H117.801s109.234-88.562 310.593-220.938c.001 0-88.443 128.935 54.992 220.938zM117.801 366.089c-11.177 0-11.195 17.37 0 17.37h365.585c11.177 0 11.195-17.37 0-17.37H117.801z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tokelau +690</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h256v170.663H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M141.357 157.303V130.59h-26.714v26.713H87.93v26.713h26.713v26.713h26.714v-26.713h26.713v-26.713z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tonga +676</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M6.066 85.337l207.961 212.636 131.584 128.69h160.323L297.973 214.027 166.389 85.337z"></path><path d="M43.364 85.337L384.69 426.663h83.946L127.31 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Trinidad and Tobago +1868</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="256" cy="255.994" r="96"></circle><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M267.826 219.291l16.47 22.695 26.673-8.649-16.496 22.676 16.468 22.695-26.664-8.681-16.495 22.676.017-28.04-26.664-8.682 26.674-8.648z"></path><path d="M277.818 312.724c-31.33 0-56.727-25.397-56.727-56.727s25.397-56.727 56.727-56.727c9.769 0 18.96 2.47 26.985 6.819-12.589-12.31-29.804-19.909-48.803-19.909-38.558 0-69.818 31.259-69.818 69.818s31.26 69.818 69.818 69.818c18.999 0 36.215-7.599 48.803-19.909-8.026 4.347-17.216 6.817-26.985 6.817z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tunisia +216</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 450 300"><path fill="#d80027" d="M0 150V0h450v300H0V150z"></path><path fill="white" d="M247.3 118.3l35.2 5.8L307.4 99l5.1 32.8L344 150l-31.5 18.2-4.9 33.5-25.1-25.9-35.2 5.8L263 150z"></path><path fill="white" d="M240.6 228.6c-43.3 0-78.3-35.1-78.3-78.3S197.4 72 240.6 72c8.1 0 15.8 1.2 23.2 3.5-17.3-15-39.8-24-64.5-24-54.4 0-98.6 44.1-98.6 98.6s44.1 98.6 98.6 98.6c24.2 0 46.3-8.7 63.4-23.1-7 1.9-14.4 3-22.1 3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Turkey +90</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M357.208 183.679c8.397-23.404-1.036-48.858-21.281-61.536a52.131 52.131 0 0110.884 2.621c27.002 9.688 41.038 39.428 31.35 66.431s-39.428 41.038-66.431 31.35a52.182 52.182 0 01-10.069-4.895c23.686 3.084 47.15-10.566 55.547-33.971zM310.637 115.729l-7.297 9.427-11.22-4.026 6.712 9.852-7.296 9.427 11.443-3.338 6.712 9.852.361-11.914 11.444-3.339-11.221-4.025z"></path><path d="M330.338 146.448l-7.296 9.427-11.221-4.026 6.712 9.852-7.296 9.427 11.443-3.339 6.712 9.853.36-11.915 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374.725h10.542l14.908-11.106v-8.011H128z"></path></g><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M117.458 274.957l-14.908-11.105v-15.703l14.908-11.106h21.084l14.908 11.106v15.703l-14.908 11.105zM153.971 299.391h-6.493v-6.493h-11.411l-8.068-8.068-8.067 8.068h-11.41v6.493h-6.493v12.986h6.493v6.492h11.41l8.068 8.069 8.068-8.069h11.41v-6.492h6.493zM153.971 199.623h-6.493v-6.492h-11.411l-8.068-8.069-8.067 8.069h-11.41v6.492h-6.493v12.986h6.493v6.492h11.41l8.068 8.07 8.068-8.07h11.41v-6.492h6.493z"></path></g><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M120.576 248.576h14.84v14.84h-14.84z"></path><circle cx="128" cy="206.113" r="7.421"></circle><circle cx="128" cy="305.887" r="7.421"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Turkmenistan +993</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M332.058 191.996v78.221c0 38.103 51.942 49.779 51.942 49.779s51.942-11.675 51.942-49.779v-78.221H332.058z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M376.579 220.44c0 7.855-6.644 28.445-14.84 28.445s-14.84-20.589-14.84-28.445c0-7.856 14.84-14.222 14.84-14.222s14.84 6.367 14.84 14.222z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M415.961 235.93c2.394-5.6 4.257-13.785 4.257-17.86 0-6.546-8.904-11.852-8.904-11.852s-8.904 5.306-8.904 11.852c0 4.075 1.862 12.26 4.257 17.86l-5.141 11.123a26.898 26.898 0 009.788 1.831c3.463 0 6.766-.654 9.788-1.831l-5.141-11.123z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M372.87 270.217s-7.421 14.222-7.421 28.445h37.101c0-14.222-7.421-28.445-7.421-28.445l-11.13-7.111-11.129 7.111z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M395.13 270.217v-3.555c0-5.891-4.983-10.666-11.13-10.666-6.147 0-11.13 4.776-11.13 10.666v3.555h22.26z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.333v30.553l-45.167 25.099H256v59.359h-59.103L256 233.179v22.817h-26.68l-73.494-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.43 48.573H0v-30.554l45.167-25.098H0v-59.359h59.103L0 108.139V85.333h26.68l73.494 40.825V85.333h55.652v48.572l87.43-48.572z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.332H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.737l100.174-55.652z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.982L256 101.067V85.33l-100.174 55.652z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Turks and Caicos Islands +1649</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h900v600H0z"></path><path fill="#00B2EE" d="M0 300h450V0h450v600H0V300z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M345.3 480.9l29.4 90.6-77.1-56H393l-77.1 56 29.4-90.6zM706.4 340l29.4 90.6-77.1-56H754l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM812.8 261.5l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM812.8 37.4l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6z"></path><path fill="white" d="M449.9 0v206.3h-81l81 54V300h-39.7l-129-85.9V300H168.7v-85.9L39.7 300H0v-39.7l81-54H0V93.8h81L0 39.9V0h39.7l129 85.9V0h112.5v85.9L410.2 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M253.1 0h-56.3v122H0v56.2h196.8V300h56.3V178.2h196.8V122H253.1z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M449.9 39.9v53.9h-81z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 300v-19.3l109.9-74.4h39.7L12.8 300zM12.8.1l136.8 93.7h-39.7L0 19.4V.1zM449.9.2v19.3L340 93.8h-39.7L437.1.2zM437.1 300l-136.8-93.7H340l109.9 74.4V300z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M719.9 131.6l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM584 187.7l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM614 430.6l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM488 332l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56L488 332zM488 464l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56L488 464z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tuvalu +688</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#232323" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 56.9h512v56.9H0z"></path><path fill="#D32300" d="M0 113.8h512v56.9H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 227.6h512v56.9H0z"></path><path fill="#D32300" d="M0 284.4h512v56.9H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="80.7"></circle><path d="M234.5 127.5c.9-1.4-19.6-2-19.6-2 1.7-2.5 18.4-10.5 18.4-10.5s-.9-6 2.7-9.8l-4.5-9.8s7-3.4 18.4-3.4 19.9 7 21 13.1l-6.4 3.4c-.1 4.7 1.7 11.6-4.3 17.3-5.9 5.7-8.3 6.9-8.5 18.8 0 3.9 2.3 8.2 8.8 11.7 17.4 9.3 38.6 28.2 44.6 33.9 6.1 5.7 5.1 19.2 2.6 25.2s-12.1 14.3-14.3 13.6c-2.2-.6 1.2-9.2-3.5-11.6 0 0-8.9-7.6-16.8.6s-.2 25.2 3.9 28c4.1 2.8 1.7 5-1.9 5H247c-3.8 0-5.4-2.3-1.9-5 7.6-3.8 12.4-15.3 7.4-20.3-4.9-4.9-18.3 1.5-21.5 6.3-2.8 2.8-8.8 3.6-12.9-1.4s-4.1-10.4-1.1-12.5c7-4.8 0 0 .1-.1 0 0 11.9-8.6 29.9-9 3.9 0 4.8-2.2 2.2-4.8 0 0-30.9-27.4-28.1-44.2 3-18.3 20-26.3 13.4-32.5-1.3-1.8 0 0 0 0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Uganda +256</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512V256H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ukraine +380</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M288 85.33h-64v138.666H0v64h224v138.666h64V287.996h224v-64H288z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M393.785 315.358L512 381.034v-65.676zM311.652 315.358L512 426.662v-31.474l-143.693-79.83zM458.634 426.662l-146.982-81.664v81.664z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M311.652 315.358L512 426.662v-31.474l-143.693-79.83z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M311.652 315.358L512 426.662v-31.474l-143.693-79.83z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M90.341 315.356L0 365.546v-50.19zM200.348 329.51v97.151H25.491z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M143.693 315.358L0 395.188v31.474l200.348-111.304z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M118.215 196.634L0 130.958v65.676zM200.348 196.634L0 85.33v31.474l143.693 79.83zM53.366 85.33l146.982 81.664V85.33z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M200.348 196.634L0 85.33v31.474l143.693 79.83z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M200.348 196.634L0 85.33v31.474l143.693 79.83z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M421.659 196.636L512 146.446v50.19zM311.652 182.482V85.331h174.857z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M368.307 196.634L512 116.804V85.33L311.652 196.634z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">United Kingdom +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 38h513v38H0zM0 114h513v38H0zM0 190h513v38H0zM0 266h513v38H0z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M0 0h256.5v190H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M192 95l-26.2 12.3 14 25.3-28.4-5.4-3.6 28.7-19.8-21.1-19.8 21.1-3.6-28.7-28.4 5.4 14-25.3L64 95l26.2-12.3-14-25.3 28.4 5.4 3.6-28.7L128 55.2l19.8-21.1 3.6 28.7 28.4-5.4-14 25.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Uruguay +598</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M188.688 137.589c0-15.984 11.234-29.339 26.236-32.614a33.531 33.531 0 00-7.155-.777c-18.442 0-33.391 14.949-33.391 33.391s14.949 33.391 33.391 33.391c2.458 0 4.85-.273 7.155-.777-15.002-3.275-26.236-16.63-26.236-32.614zM234.658 152.766l2.261 6.957h7.315l-5.918 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.919-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.261-6.956-5.918-4.301h7.315zM258.006 152.766l2.26 6.957h7.315l-5.918 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.956-5.917-4.301h7.314zM281.353 152.766l2.26 6.957h7.315l-5.917 4.301 2.26 6.956-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.956-5.918-4.301h7.315zM304.7 152.766l2.262 6.957h7.315l-5.919 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.919-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.262-6.956-5.919-4.301h7.314zM328.048 152.766l2.26 6.957h7.315l-5.918 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.956-5.917-4.301h7.314zM258.006 128.482l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.918 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.918-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.26-6.957-5.917-4.3h7.314zM281.353 128.482l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.917 4.3 2.26 6.957-5.918-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.26-6.957-5.918-4.3h7.315zM304.7 128.482l2.262 6.956h7.315l-5.919 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.919-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.262-6.957-5.919-4.3h7.314zM328.048 128.482l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.918 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.918-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.26-6.957-5.917-4.3h7.314zM281.353 104.198l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.917 4.3 2.26 6.957-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.957-5.918-4.3h7.315zM304.7 104.198l2.262 6.956h7.315l-5.919 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.919-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.262-6.957-5.919-4.3h7.314zM328.048 104.198l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.918 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.957-5.917-4.3h7.314z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Uzbekistan +998</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 256v170.663H0L215.185 256z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.337V256H215.185L0 85.337z"></path><path d="M221.001 239.304L26.868 85.337H8.956l208.168 165.098H512v-11.131zM8.956 426.663h17.912l194.133-153.967H512v-11.131H217.124zM0 92.44v14.206L188.317 256 0 405.354v14.205L206.229 256z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M8.956 85.337H0v7.103L206.229 256 0 419.559v7.104h8.956l208.168-165.098H512v-11.13H217.124z"></path><path d="M63.718 292.382v-14.295c14.265 0 25.87-11.606 25.87-25.869 0-10.092-8.211-18.303-18.304-18.303-6.875 0-12.469 5.593-12.469 12.469 0 4.397 3.577 7.974 7.974 7.974a4.514 4.514 0 004.508-4.508h14.295c0 10.368-8.435 18.804-18.802 18.804-12.279-.002-22.269-9.993-22.269-22.271 0-14.758 12.006-26.764 26.764-26.764 17.975 0 32.599 14.623 32.599 32.599 0 22.145-18.018 40.164-40.166 40.164z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Vanuatu +678</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22.5 15"><path fill="#FFCE00" d="M0 0h22.5v5H0z"></path><path fill="#203899" d="M0 5h22.5v5H0z"></path><path fill="#D82B2B" d="M0 10h22.5v5H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M12.13 5.38l.14.46.45.14-.39.27.01.48-.38-.29-.45.15.15-.44-.28-.38h.47zM10.36 5.38l.27.39h.47l-.28.38.15.45-.45-.16-.38.28.01-.47-.39-.28.45-.13zM13.8 5.94l-.01.48.39.27-.46.14-.14.45-.27-.38h-.48l.29-.38-.15-.45.45.16zM8.69 5.96l.4.27.44-.18-.13.46.3.36-.47.02-.26.4-.16-.44-.46-.12.37-.3zM15.24 7.13l-.2.44.25.4-.47-.05-.31.36-.1-.46-.43-.18.41-.24.03-.47.35.31zM15.43 8.25l.21.43.47.07-.34.33.08.46-.42-.22-.42.22.08-.46-.34-.33.47-.07zM7 8.2l.21.43.47.06-.34.33.08.47L7 9.27l-.42.22.08-.47-.34-.33.47-.06zM7.31 7.05l.45.14.38-.29v.48l.39.26-.45.15-.13.46-.28-.38-.47.01.27-.38z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela +58</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M196.641 85.337H0v341.326h512V85.337z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 157.279l22.663 69.747H352l-59.332 43.106 22.664 69.749L256 296.774l-59.332 43.107 22.664-69.749L160 227.026h73.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Vietnam +84</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.334V202.66h-46.069L256 233.38v22.617h-22.628L160 207.078v48.919H96v-48.919l-73.372 48.919H0V233.38l46.069-30.72H0v-64h46.069L0 107.951V85.334h22.628L96 134.241V85.334h64v48.907l73.372-48.907z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.33h-32v69.333H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80zM256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80zM256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 255.997v-15.082l57.377-38.252H80zM256 255.997v-15.082l-57.377-38.252H176z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M384 259.706l-46.129 46.129c8.645 16.675 26.051 28.074 46.129 28.074s37.484-11.4 46.129-28.074L384 259.706z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M332.058 178.084V259.708c.001 39.759 51.942 51.941 51.942 51.941s51.941-12.182 51.942-51.942v-81.623H332.058z"></path><path fill="white" d="M372.87 215.181h22.261v59.359H372.87z"></path><circle fill="#A2001D" cx="384" cy="215.181" r="11.13"></circle><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M346.902 192.92h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM346.902 226.312h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM346.902 259.703h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM406.261 192.92h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM406.261 226.312h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM406.261 259.703h14.84v14.84h-14.84z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Virgin Islands, British +1284</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M397.7 166.3l-51 97.7c-1.1 2-.3 4.5 1.8 5.6 2 1.1 4.5.3 5.6-1.8l51-97.7c1-2.1.1-4.6-2-5.5-2-.9-4.3-.2-5.4 1.7z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M404.9 188l-57.8 75.4c-1.3 1.9-.8 4.5 1.1 5.8 1.7 1.2 4.1.9 5.5-.7l57.8-75.4c1.4-1.8 1.1-4.4-.8-5.8-1.8-1.5-4.4-1.1-5.8.7z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M379 181.3l-32.5 83.1c-.8 2.1.2 4.6 2.4 5.4 2.1.8 4.6-.2 5.4-2.4l32.5-83.1c.7-2.2-.4-4.5-2.6-5.3-2.1-.6-4.3.4-5.2 2.3z"></path><path fill="#409347" d="M122.1 171.9c.4 1.7 1.2 4.7 2.2 8.5 1.7 6.4 3.6 12.8 5.6 18.7 2.3 6.9 14.7 31.4 20.2 39.1 6.9 9.7 14.1 19.3 21.5 28.6 1.6 1.9 4.5 2.1 6.4.5 1.8-1.6 2.1-4.3.7-6.2-7.3-9.2-14.4-18.6-21.2-28.2-4.2-5.8-17.2-31.1-19-36.7-2.9-8.7-5.4-17.6-7.6-26.5-.5-2.4-2.9-4-5.3-3.5s-4 2.9-3.5 5.3c-.1.2 0 .3 0 .4z"></path><g fill="#FFD836" stroke="#231F20" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M297.1 114.9S279.5 42.8 261 42.8c-6.9 0-11.9-.6-15.4 6.4-.9 1.7-20.7-1.6-19.1 20.8.5 6.9 1.1-9.8 14.9-3.4 6.3 3-16.4 48.2-16.4 48.2h72.1z"></path><path d="M466.1 48.4l-90.9 22c-75.3 18.3-42.1 44.4-42.1 44.4l-72.1 12-72.1-12s33.2-26.1-42.1-44.4l-90.9-22C43.1 45.3 38.1 51.8 45.3 63c0 0 106.6 104 126.8 112 20.2 8.1 40.8 0 40.8 0s-14.9 8.7-24 24c-9.2 15.3-4.6 34.7-38.9 40.2-5.5 6.6-5 14 2.9 19.9 7.9 5.8 72.1-48.1 72.1-48.1s-24 24.4-24 36.1c0 5.1 44.1 53.8 60.1 53.8s60.1-48.7 60.1-53.8c0-11.7-24-36.1-24-36.1s64.2 53.9 72.1 48.1 11.4-19.3 2.8-19.9c-28-1.8-29.7-24.9-38.9-40.2-9.2-15.3-24-24-24-24s20.6 8.1 40.8 0S476.7 63 476.7 63c7.2-11.2 2.3-17.7-10.6-14.6z"></path></g><path fill="white" stroke="#231F20" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M201.3 111.8v80.3c0 45.7 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.7s59.7-14 59.7-59.7v-80.3H201.3h0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M225.2 137.7V235c8.2 6 17 10.2 23.9 12.9V137.7h-23.9zM296.8 137.7V235c-8.2 6-17 10.2-23.9 12.9V137.7h23.9z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M201.3 111.8h119.4v37.9H201.3z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M60.1 210.5l-21.9-58.1H15.7l31.8 80.8h25.2l31.5-80.8H81.7zM451.5 151.9h18.9v81.7h-18.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Virgin Islands, U.S. +1340</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 150 100"><path fill="#ED2939" d="M0 0h150v100H0z"></path><path fill="#002395" d="M0 0h20v44.33H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M20 0h20v44.33H20z"></path><path fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="3" d="M0 44.33h62.75V0"></path><path fill="white" d="M108.08 43.29L87.96 23.17h40.25l-20.13 20.12zm-6.7 6.71L81.25 29.88v40.25L101.38 50zm6.7 6.71L87.96 76.83h40.25l-20.13-20.12zm6.71-6.71l20.13-20.13v40.25L114.79 50z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Wallis and Futuna +681</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Yemen +967</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M490.668 195.476h-48c0-8.836-7.164-16-16-16s-16 7.164-16 16h-48c0 8.836 7.697 16 16.533 16h-.533c0 8.836 7.162 16 16 16 0 8.836 7.162 16 16 16h32c8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16 8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16h-.533c8.837 0 16.533-7.164 16.533-16z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 255.994h56.888v170.663h-56.888z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M455.112 255.994H512v170.663h-56.888z"></path><path d="M398.225 255.994h56.888v170.663h-56.888z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Zambia +260</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M0 134.196h512v48.868H0zM0 329.668h512v48.868H0z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.333h512v48.868H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 183.069h512v48.868H0zM0 280.806h512v48.868H0z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 378.542h512v48.128H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M276.992 255.996L106.329 426.659H0V85.333h106.329z"></path><path d="M256 255.996L85.334 426.662h20.987l170.667-170.666L106.321 85.33H85.334z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M102.465 202.57l13.259 40.812h42.917l-34.718 25.226 13.26 40.814-34.718-25.224-34.72 25.224 13.262-40.814-34.718-25.226h42.915z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M138.94 259.335l-34.559-12.243s-2.553-23.955-2.708-24.766c-1.173-6.18-6.603-10.851-13.123-10.851-7.376 0-13.357 5.98-13.357 13.357 0 1.223.178 2.402.486 3.528l-9.689 9.755h17.229c0 17.882-13.344 17.882-13.344 35.691l7.402 17.809h44.522l7.422-17.809h-.004a17.782 17.782 0 001.381-5.231c6.397-2.589 8.342-9.24 8.342-9.24z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Zimbabwe +263</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-col justify-start items-start self-stretch flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-0 relative mb-spacing16"><p class="text-xs leading-4.5"><span 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The Scrum Guide, which explains Scrum in a clear and distinct manner, talks about the Scrum artifacts, roles, events, and the rules that bind them together. To get a better understanding of Scrum and its benefits, one has to implement the Scrum framework. If you are looking to make that jump to a scrum master role, we recommend taking </span><a href="agile-management" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="CertTheme__link"><span>agile courses</span></a><span> that suit your busy work schedule. Adapting Scrum adds numerous benefits to the organization like it improves the quality of a project, higher return-on-investment (ROI), higher customer satisfaction, increases the team’s morale, etc.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>For Scrum, the most preferred and sought-after career path is that of a Scrum Master. The average </span><a href="info/agile-management/psm-salary" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Professional Scrum Master Salary</span></a><span> is $116,184 per year.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Some of the top companies which use Scrum and Agile are Google, Apple, Philips, Valve, and many more. Hence it is very important to have a clear understanding of the concepts of Scrum and be ready with all the possible questions and answers that one might face during their interview.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>To boost your confidence, these commonly asked interview questions for Scrum methodology have been answered by our experts, along with a few tips for Scrum interviews.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>We have compiled a set of Scrum interview questions that will surely help you to revise your concepts and get a thorough knowledge of related concepts like Sprint, Sprint Backlog, Scrum Master, etc. These additional scrum master interview questions will prove to be handy as well.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Start your preparation in advance for your Scrum Interview with the help of the listed Scrum interview questions. Take the first step and prepare in advance for your Scrum Interview. Get yourself enrolled in </span><a href="agile-management" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="CertTheme__link"><span>surecertificate agile courses</span></a><span> and walk into your next interview full of confidence.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>So gear up and start your preparation today! 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