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<div><section data-id="Interview Detail Banner" id="Interview Detail Banner" class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0 !pb-0 !pt-spacing20 md:!bg-offWhite"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><ol itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="flex h-8 w-auto justify-start items-center bg-transparent md:!bg-offWhite xs:!bg-yellow1"><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="" class="px-spacing8 h-full cursor-pointer flex rounded-128 items-center group-hover:bg-mono-black/4 duration-500 ease-in-out transition justify-center" itemprop="item"><div itemprop="name" content="Home"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-600 group-hover:font-medium group-hover:underline group-hover:underline-offset-3 group-hover:text-mono-black">Home</div></div></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"><i class=" icon-chevron-right text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-600  md:text-neutral-400 self-center "></i></li><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="interview-questions" class="px-spacing8 h-full cursor-pointer flex rounded-128 items-center group-hover:bg-mono-black/4 duration-500 ease-in-out transition justify-center" itemprop="item"><div itemprop="name"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-500 group-hover:font-medium group-hover:underline group-hover:underline-offset-3 group-hover:text-mono-black max-w-50 overflow-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap overflow-hidden">Interview Questions</div></div></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"><i class=" icon-chevron-right text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-600  md:text-neutral-400 self-center "></i></li><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="interview-questions/database" class="px-spacing8 h-full cursor-pointer flex rounded-128 items-center group-hover:bg-mono-black/4 duration-500 ease-in-out transition justify-center" itemprop="item"><div itemprop="name"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-500 group-hover:font-medium group-hover:underline group-hover:underline-offset-3 group-hover:text-mono-black max-w-50 overflow-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap overflow-hidden">Database</div></div></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"><i class=" icon-chevron-right text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-600  md:text-neutral-400 self-center "></i></li><li class="flex items-center text-xs font-normal h-8 group ease-in-out duration-500 transition text-neutral-500" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><span class="overflow-hidden px-spacing8 "><div itemprop="name"><div class="text-xs text-neutral-500 max-w-50 overflow-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap overflow-hidden">SQL Server</div></div></span><meta itemprop="position" content="4"><i class=" hidden"></i></li></ol></div></div></div></section></div><div><section data-id="Interview Detail Banner" id="Interview Detail Banner" class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0 bg-offWhite !py-0 !pb-0"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-center md:justify-between bg-offWhite  md:pt-spacing20 md:pb-[48px]"><div class="md:max-w-[579px] xs:w-full"><p class="uppercase text-interview-grey-1 text-interactionNormal font-semibold pb-spacing7">Database</p><h1 class="font-[700] text-headingBanner2 pb-spacing20 text-black">SQL Server</h1><p class="text-greyscale1 text-interactionNormal leading-[22px] font-normal flex items-center gap-spacing6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none"><path d="M8.09313 2.36439C8.46453 1.61186 9.53762 1.61185 9.90902 2.36439L11.6202 5.8317L15.4466 6.38771C16.2771 6.50838 16.6087 7.52895 16.0078 8.11472L13.239 10.8136L13.8926 14.6246C14.0345 15.4517 13.1663 16.0825 12.4235 15.6919L9.00108 13.8927L5.57864 15.6919C4.83584 16.0825 3.96769 15.4517 4.10955 14.6246L4.76318 10.8136L1.99437 8.11472C1.39343 7.52896 1.72504 6.50838 2.55551 6.38771L6.38191 5.8317L8.09313 2.36439ZM9.00108 3.06669L7.36457 6.38262C7.21708 6.68146 6.932 6.88858 6.60222 6.9365L2.94286 7.46824L5.5908 10.0493C5.82943 10.2819 5.93832 10.6171 5.88199 10.9455L5.2569 14.5901L8.52992 12.8694C8.82489 12.7143 9.17727 12.7143 9.47224 12.8694L12.7453 14.5901L12.1202 10.9455C12.0638 10.6171 12.1727 10.2819 12.4114 10.0493L15.0593 7.46824L11.3999 6.9365C11.0702 6.88858 10.7851 6.68146 10.6376 6.38262L9.00108 3.06669Z" fill="#FF9F1F"></path></svg>4.6 Rating<span class="bg-transparent"></span><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-book-open text-yellow-main text-base"></i> 93 Questions<span class="bg-transparent"></span><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-clock text-yellow-main text-base"></i> 30 mins read<span class="bg-transparent"></span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="11" viewBox="0 0 15 11" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.24952 2.59291C2.23066 3.44326 1.51929 4.44071 1.16018 5.00933C1.11075 5.0876 1.09048 5.12047 1.0772 5.14603C1.0712 5.15757 1.06952 5.16207 1.06839 5.16646C1.06826 5.16749 1.06809 5.16902 1.06789 5.17105C1.0672 5.17843 1.06667 5.1885 1.06667 5.2C1.06667 5.2115 1.0672 5.22157 1.06789 5.22895C1.06809 5.23098 1.06826 5.23251 1.06839 5.23354C1.06952 5.23793 1.0712 5.24243 1.0772 5.25397C1.09048 5.27953 1.11075 5.3124 1.16018 5.39067C1.51929 5.95929 2.23066 6.95674 3.24952 7.80709C4.26712 8.6564 5.55933 9.33333 7.0961 9.33333C8.63288 9.33333 9.92509 8.6564 10.9427 7.80709C11.9615 6.95674 12.6729 5.95929 13.032 5.39067C13.0815 5.3124 13.1017 5.27953 13.115 5.25396C13.121 5.24246 13.1227 5.23796 13.1238 5.23358C13.1239 5.23255 13.1241 5.23101 13.1243 5.22895C13.125 5.22157 13.1255 5.2115 13.1255 5.2C13.1255 5.1885 13.125 5.17843 13.1243 5.17105C13.1241 5.16902 13.1239 5.16749 13.1238 5.16646C13.1227 5.16207 13.121 5.15757 13.115 5.14603C13.1017 5.12047 13.0815 5.0876 13.032 5.00933C12.6729 4.44071 11.9615 3.44325 10.9427 2.59291C9.92509 1.7436 8.63288 1.06667 7.0961 1.06667C5.55933 1.06667 4.26712 1.7436 3.24952 2.59291ZM2.56604 1.77398C3.70346 0.824679 5.22954 0 7.0961 0C8.96266 0 10.4887 0.824679 11.6262 1.77398C12.7623 2.72224 13.5427 3.8204 13.9339 4.43976C13.9388 4.44758 13.9438 4.45545 13.9489 4.4634C14.0278 4.58784 14.1182 4.73042 14.1644 4.9319C14.2015 5.0936 14.2015 5.3064 14.1644 5.4681C14.1182 5.66958 14.0278 5.81216 13.9489 5.9366C13.9438 5.94455 13.9388 5.95243 13.9339 5.96024C13.5427 6.5796 12.7623 7.67775 11.6262 8.62601C10.4887 9.57532 8.96266 10.4 7.0961 10.4C5.22954 10.4 3.70346 9.57532 2.56604 8.62601C1.42987 7.67775 0.649473 6.5796 0.258315 5.96024C0.253381 5.95243 0.248386 5.94455 0.243343 5.9366C0.164414 5.81216 0.0739778 5.66958 0.027797 5.4681C-0.00926565 5.3064 -0.00926565 5.0936 0.027797 4.9319C0.0739778 4.73042 0.164414 4.58784 0.243343 4.4634C0.248385 4.45545 0.253381 4.44757 0.258314 4.43976C0.649473 3.8204 1.42987 2.72225 2.56604 1.77398ZM7.0961 3.73333C6.28609 3.73333 5.62944 4.38998 5.62944 5.2C5.62944 6.01002 6.28609 6.66667 7.0961 6.66667C7.90612 6.66667 8.56277 6.01002 8.56277 5.2C8.56277 4.38998 7.90612 3.73333 7.0961 3.73333ZM4.56277 5.2C4.56277 3.80088 5.69698 2.66667 7.0961 2.66667C8.49522 2.66667 9.62944 3.80088 9.62944 5.2C9.62944 6.59912 8.49522 7.73333 7.0961 7.73333C5.69698 7.73333 4.56277 6.59912 4.56277 5.2Z" fill="#FF9F1F"></path></svg>152 Readers</p></div><div class="rounded-[12px] h-auto relative overflow-hidden self-auto"><img alt="Interview Detail Banner Image" fetchpriority="high" loading="eager" width="411" height="274" decoding="async"  class="object-cover rounded-[12px]" style="color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 411px, 274px" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531538398863-7fc8db5d8f63?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><div><section data-id="Interview_Detail_Page_Interviews_Section" id="Interview_Detail_Page_Interviews_Section" class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><div class="flex flex-row relative gap-spacing80"><div class="md:min-w-[846px] xs:w-full"><h3 class="text-interview-black-1 font-[700] md:text-title2 xs:text-baseInterviewTitle pb-spacing10">Introduction</h3><div class="text-neutral7 font-normal md:text-bodyNormal xs:text-bannerPoints pb-spacing24"><p>SQL Server is a relational database management supporting a wide variety of transaction processing, business intelligence and more. SQL Server is the Microsoft name for its own RDBMS product. Be it a beginner, or an intermediate or an expert of SQL Server, this write-up will aid you to boost your confidence and knowledge of SQL.

The questions provided here will level up your knowledge and learning of SQL Server, alongside providing step-by-step explanations for every question that will help you understand the concepts in detail. With SQL Server interview questions by your side, you can be positive about your preparation for the upcoming interview.</p></div><div><section class="py-spacing44 sm:py-spacing48 xl:px-spacing80 sm:px-spacing112 px-0 bg-subdued md:bg-white !py-0 !px-0"><div class="px-spacing20 md:px-0 w-full 2xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto"><div class="row g-4"><div class="col-12 md:flex-col"><div class="flex items-center justify-center font-Inter"><div class="bg-subdued w-full md:p-spacing40 py-spacing40 rounded-custom20"><div class="flex justify-between items-center"><div class="items-center flex-1"><div class="max-w-133"><div class="text-3xl leading-9.75 font-bold text-mono-black mt-spacing6">SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers</div></div></div></div><div class=""><div><div class="relative flex w-fit items-center max-w-full customized-x-scrollbar gap-spacing12 md:gap-spacing24 rounded-xl bg-white p-spacing8 shadow-primaryDouble my-6 md:my-spacing40"><button class="z-1 rounded-lg px-spacing16 h-10 transition-all duration-300 ease-out flex items-center gap-spacing8 whitespace-nowrap font-semibold text-primary-900 bg-primary-100 delay-300"><h3 class="text-sm md:text-base first-letter:capitalize">Beginner</h3></button><button class="z-1 rounded-lg px-spacing16 h-10 transition-all duration-300 ease-out flex items-center gap-spacing8 whitespace-nowrap bg-transparent font-medium text-neutral-800 hover:text-primary-600"><h3 class="text-sm md:text-base first-letter:capitalize">Intermediate</h3></button><button class="z-1 rounded-lg px-spacing16 h-10 transition-all duration-300 ease-out flex items-center gap-spacing8 whitespace-nowrap bg-transparent font-medium text-neutral-800 hover:text-primary-600"><h3 class="text-sm md:text-base first-letter:capitalize">Advanced</h3></button><span class="absolute block h-10 rounded-lg bg-primary-100 transition-all duration-300" style="left:0;width:0;opacity:1"></span></div></div><div class=""><div><div class="text-xl text-neutral-800 mb-spacing20 font-bold">Beginner</div><div class="relative w-full"><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-primary-main outline-2 shadow-card hover:shadow-card visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-t-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden">1. What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-0 text-neutral-800"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>UNION blends the contents of two structurally-compatible tables into a solitary joined table. The distinction among UNION and UNION ALL is that UNION will discard duplicate records through UNION ALL will incorporate duplicate records. Note that the presentation of UNION ALL will commonly be superior to UNION &nbsp;since UNION requires the server to do the extra work of expelling any duplicate. In this way, in situations where there is a surety that there won't be any copies, or where having copies isn't an issue, utilization of UNION ALL eventual suggested for performance reasons. Let's have a look at the below examples explaining the usage of both. In the first, we have used UNION and in the second we have explained UNION ALL.</p><p><img alt="Union example code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1513258496099-48135e5d3c8f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">2. List all joins supported in SQL?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Inner Join-</strong></b><span> This is the simplest one and most widely used JOIN. This is default one if we do not specify any JOIN between tables. It returns all matching records from both tables where the matching condition is satisfied.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">LEFT JOIN-</strong></b><span> We call this LEFT OUTER JOIN as well. When we have situations like we want all columns from one table and only matching records from another table, we go for this type of JOIN. There are two types of same. The LEFT one is the first type where we would like to have all records from LEFT table and only matching records from RIGHT one then we go for this type of JOIN. When we do not have any matching condition in the right table then all columns from the right one will be NULL while LEFT table will have all the records.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">RIGHT JOIN-</strong></b><span> We call this RIGHT OUTER JOIN as well. This is just the reverse of what we discussed for LEFT JOIN. The result set will be having all records from the right table but only matching records from the left one. Even if the ON clause which gives matching record fails, it will ensure rows are returned from the right table and corresponding columns from the LEFT table with NULL values.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">FULL JOIN- </strong></b><span>It is also called FULL OUTER JOIN. It is having characteristics of both LEFT /RIGHT outer join. The result set will be having rows whenever we have the match in any of the tables either LEFT or RIGHT one. We can also say that it gives the same result if we apply UNION on LEFT and RIGHT OUTER JOIN resultset.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">CROSS JOIN-</strong></b><span> This is a cartesian product of two tables where each row from the primary table is joined with each and every row of the secondary table. Even if we use SELECT statement on two tables separated by a comma and without any WHERE condition, it will give the same result as we get from applying CROSS JOIN.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">3. How many system databases we have in the SQL server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Master: </strong></b><span>It contains framework catalogs that keep data about disk space, record portions, use, system-wide setup settings, login accounts, the presence of other databases, and the presence of other SQL Servers (for appropriate activities). If this database does not exist or corrupted then the SQL Server instance cannot start. Although we user objects in the </span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">master</strong></b><span> database, it is not advised to do so. This database should always remain as static as possible. In the case of a </span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">master</strong></b><span> database being rebuilt, all user objects will be lost.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Model:</strong></b><span> It is basically a template database. Each time you make another database, SQL Server makes a duplicate of a model to frame the premise of the new database. Any changes made to this database, related DB size, collation, recovery model, and any other configurations, are applied to any new database created afterward.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Tempdb: </strong></b><span>Temporary database, tempdb, is a workspace. SQL Server tempdb database is one of a kind among every single other database since it is reproduced not recuperated each time SQL Server is started.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Msdb:</strong></b><span> This database is utilized by the SQL Server Agent Service, which performs planned exercises, for example, backup and replication assignments.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="system databases" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1550133730-695473e544be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">4. what is Normalization and denormalization in SQL?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Normalization and denormalization are the strategies utilized in databases. The terms are differential where Normalization is a procedure of limiting the addition, removal and update peculiarities through disposing of the redundant information. Then again, Denormalization is the reverse procedure of Normalization where the repetition is added to the information to improve the exhibition of the particular application and information integrity. Normalization prevents the disk space wastage by limiting or disposing of the redundancy.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width:880px"><span class="fr-img-wrap"></span></span></p><div class="next-image-styles my-4"><img alt="Normalization v/s denormalization in SQL" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1550133730-695473e544be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></div><span class="fr-inner"></span><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">5. What is the difference between clustered and non clustered index?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The indexing is required to quicken search results in the database. If we compare index in our real world then page number of books and keywords mostly on the back side of book work similar as Index. We can quickly go to respective pages if we know the page number and also if we have an idea of keywords, we are looking into the book then just visiting keywords section will make our job easier as keywords are linked with page numbers. There are two types of indexes that exist in SQL database. One is called clustered while other is called non-clustered. The page number of the book is similar to the clustered index while the keyword section of the book represents non-clustered indexes. They exist in the database as a B-Tree structure. Let's go into the details of each index.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Clustered Index</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>We can have only one clustered index per table. Once we create a primary key, by default it ends up creating a clustered index on that key. We can also specify the index type as well in case we would like to have non clustered index as well. The table is called heap if it does not have any clustered index. As we said earlier that indexes are B-Tree structures. The leaf node is mapped to data pages of the table in case of a clustered index. The data is physically sorted based on the clustered index. This is the reason why it is quickest in two of the indexes.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Non-clustered Index</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Earlier it was possible to have only 249 non clustered indexes on the table but after SQL server 2008 we can have 999 non clustered indexes. It gets created by default when we create unique key constraint. We can also decide index type as well while creating Unique constraint. It is not mandatory to have any non clustered index. The leaf nodes of non clustered index map to index pages having details of clustering key or RID to get the actual row. In case the table does not have any clustered index, leaf nodes are mapped to the physical location of the row which is called as RID and if present leaf nodes mapped to clustering key. It is much quicker for DML operations like adding /deleting and updating records.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">6. What are Magic tables in the SQL server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The magic tables are an integral part of Triggers. They facilitate Triggers and make the job easier. There are two magic tables that exist, one is inserted one and the other one is called deleted one. These are built by SQL server itself to hold the data while processing gets triggered. They hold the inserted, deleted and updated records while doing DML operations on a table. If we have triggers for INSERT operation then the newly inserted values are stored in the INSERTED magic table. If triggers get fired for UPDATE /DELETE operation then updated and deleted values of records are stored in DELETED magic tables.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">INSERTED Magic table</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Let me explain the INSERTED magic table by looking at the below example. In the below screenshot we have triggers for INSERT operation and we can see two tables INSERTED/DELETED which we can use in the trigger for performing any manipulation.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="INSERTED Magic table code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1553877522-43ce6dc3bb46?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">DELETED Magic table</strong></b></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The below example illustrates the use case of a DELETED magic table which comes into the picture when we have UPDATE/DELETE trigger. This table holds the old record which was either updated/deleted.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="DELETED Magic table code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1563206767541-3eb2c5952d76?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">7. How do you implement one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>SQL server favors all three relationships and is well supported by SQL server design. Let me explain to you each relationship one by one:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">One to One –</strong></b><span> This type of relationship is supported by a single table and in some cases, we can have two tables as well. As the name suggests, we can have only a single record from each entity, primary and secondary. A person can have only one passport, he can not have more than one. In below example we have two tables Person and Passport having one to one relationship by leveraging foreign key and forcing unique key constraint on the foreign key. In this case, person ID which is the primary key in one table works as the foreign key.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="One to One " loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1488190211105-8b0e84b7e8d1?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">One to Many </strong></b><span>– This type of relations is always supported by two tables. This relationship focuses on at least one entry in the secondary table for each entry in the primary table. But in the primary table, we will always have a single entry for each record against each record of a secondary table. Let me try to understand you with below examples where we have two table book and author. A book can have more than one writer so there will always be more than one entry of book in author table but there will always be a single entry of author in the author table. This type of relationship is supported by a primary key-foreign key relationship. Here Book Id is working as a foreign key in the Author table to support one to many.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="One to Many" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522202176988-66273c2fd55f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Many to Many</strong></b><span> – This type of relationship is realized by more than two tables where one table works as Join table between the first two tables. In the below example we have Students, Enrollments, and Classes as three tables where Enrollment table is working as a bridge between Students and classes. One student can enroll in multiple classes and one class can be mapped to multiple students.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Many to Many" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1513258496099-48135e5d3c8f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>One of the most frequently posed SQL interview questions for freshers, be ready for it.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">8. When to use SQL temp tables vs table variables?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are several scenarios in which we use temp tables. In case we have no DDL or DML access to a table. You can utilize your current read access to maneuver the information into a SQL Server temp table and make modifications from that point. Or on the other hand, you don't have the authorization to make a table in the current database, you can make a SQL Server temp table that you can control. At long last, you may be in a circumstance where you need the information to be available just in the present session.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The temp tables have "hashtag" followed by the table name. For instance: #Table_name. SQL temp tables are made in the tempdb database. A local SQL Server temp table is just available to the present session. It can't be accessed or utilized by procedures or queries outside of the session. A standout frequently utilized situation for SQL Server temp tables is when we use a loop in the query. For instance, you need to process information for a SQL query and we need a spot to store information for our loop to peruse. It gives a speedy and productive way to do as such. Another motivation to utilize SQL Server temp tables is when we have to execute some expensive processing. Suppose that we make a join, and each time we have to pull records from that result-set then it needs to process this join again and again. Why not simply process this outcome set once and toss the records into a SQL temp table? At that point, you can have the remainder of the SQL query allude to the SQL temp table name. In addition to the fact that this saves costly processing, it might even make our code look a little cleaner.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The SQL temp table is dropped or demolished once the session drops. Most of the time we will see: DROP #tbl command but it is not mandatory. Temp tables are always created in the tempdb database. It resolves name conflict by adding a suffix in case of a similar name for temp tables.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="SQL temp tables vs table variables" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1457305237443-44c3d5a30b89?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Global SQL temp tables are helpful when we need to reference tables in all sessions. Anybody can add, modify, or delete records from the table. Additionally, note that anybody can DROP the table. Like Local SQL Server temp tables, they are dropped once the session drops and there are never again any more references to the table. We can generally utilize the "DROP" command to tidy it up manually.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Table variables are more like some other variables. It is a common understanding that table variables exist just in memory, yet that is basically not correct. They live in the tempdb database just like local SQL Server temp tables. Additionally like local SQL temp tables, table variables are accessible just inside the session in which they are declared. The table variable is just available inside the present batch.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1535905557-58cb6c7a44aa?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If performance is criterion then table variables are helpful with modest quantities of data. Generally, a SQL Server temp table is helpful when filtering through a lot of information. So for most times, we will in all probability observe the utilization of a SQL Server temp table rather than a table variable.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">9. What is self join, explain with example?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Self-join is the one in which the same table is joined by itself to get the desired output. We can understand self join in case of the below scenario :</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Let's assume we have below table structure for Employee :</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>EmpId- The key identifier for Employee</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>MgrID-The key identifier for Manager.which is mapped to EmpID</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>empname-The Employee name</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="self join code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1521737604893-d14cc237f11d?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If we need to extract employee and manager information from the above table then the only option we have is to using self join. We can make a self join on the Employee table on joining ManagerID with EmployeeID. Please find below query which explains self join clearly :</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="self join code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1521737604893-d14cc237f11d?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Although we can have other alternatives as well to get the same desired result set. It uses left outer Join:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="self join code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1521737604893-d14cc237f11d?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">10. What are the Advantages of Using CTE?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>CTE is virtually created temporary storage which holds query output created by SQL syntax SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE OR CREATE VIEW statement. It holds the data until the time of the query session. It is similar to the derived table only. We can also use the CTE in case of VIEW in some scenarios:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="With common table expression" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1497215968147-3f36c5df5ed3?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 code-block-wrapper mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-[24px] bg-black p-4 rounded-[12px] relative text-[#708090] overflow-hidden"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 absolute top-4 right-4 z-10"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 px-spacing12 bg-white rounded-full h-10 flex items-center cursor-pointer"><i class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 text-black text-sm icon-copy"></i></div></div><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 overflow-x-auto pb-[12px] w-full"><pre id="code-block-gr3xud5hn" class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words w-full font-mono text-sm"><span class="CertTheme__tokenProperty">WITH</span><br><span>expression _name</span><br><span>column_name</span><br><span class="CertTheme__tokenProperty">AS</span><br><span>CTE_query_definition</span><br><span class="CertTheme__tokenProperty">WITH</span><span> common_table_expression &nbsp;Railroad diagram</span></pre></div></div><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">expression_name: </strong></b><span>Is a valid identifier for the common table expression. It must be different from the others defined within the same WITH clause, but it can be the same as the name of a base table or view. Any reference to it in the query uses the common table expression and not the base object</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">column_name: </strong></b><span>Specifies a unique column name in the common table expression. The number of column names specified must match the number of columns in CTE _query_definition</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If the query definition supplies distinct names for all columns then the column names are optional</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">CTE_query_definition:</strong></b><span> This is a SELECT statement whose result set populates the common table expression. This must meet the same requirements as for creating a view except that a CTE cannot define another CTE</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Let me list down some benefits of using CTE :</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>When we have a recursive query we can use CTE. It holds a query output in an area that is defined during CTE definition. It is more beneficial when we need to work on the queries query. It holds query data till the time the SQL query is running. It is beneficial for holding filter data which is needed for subsequent processing.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It improves the readability of queries without affecting performance.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It can be referenced multiple times in the SQL query.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It can be used instead of a view</span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold"> </strong></b><span>where metadata information does not require to be stored.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">There are two types of CTE :</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Recursive CTE: </strong></b><span>This type of reference itself within CTE. This is useful while working with hierarchical data since it executes until the time the whole hierarchy gets returned. A recursive query must contain two SQL query statements joined by UNION ALL, UNION, INTERSECT, or EXCEPT operator. In the below example we have Employee table having hierarchical data (Employee and Manager relationship)</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Recursive CTE code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1550751827-4bd374c3f58b?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Non-Recursive CTE:</strong></b><span> This type does not reference itself. This is much simpler than other types of CTE.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Non-Recursive CTE code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1581091226825-a6a2a5aee158?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">11. Explain dirty read in SQL server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>One of the foremost common issues that occur when running parallel transactions is the Dirty read problem. A dirty read happens once when the transaction is permissible to read the information that's being changed by another one that is running at the same time however which has not nevertheless committed itself.</p><p>If the transaction that modifies the information and does the commits itself, the dirty read problem never occurs. but if the transaction, that has triggered the changes in the information, is rolled back when the opposite transaction has read the data, the latter transaction has dirty information that doesn’t truly exist.</p><p>Let us try to understand the scenario when a user tries to buy a product. The transaction which does the acquisition task for the user. the primary step within the transaction would be to update the Items in Stock.</p><p>Before the transaction, there are 12 items in the stock; the transaction can update this to 11 items. The transaction concurrently communicates with a third party payment gateway. If at this time in time, another transaction, let’s say Transaction 2, reads Items In Stock for laptops, it'll read 11. However, if after, the user who has triggered the first transaction A, seems to possess light funds in his account, transaction A is rolled back and therefore &nbsp;ItemsInStock column can revert to again 12. However, transaction B has 11 items because it read old data from ItemsInStock column. This is often dirty information and therefore the drawback is termed a dirty scan problem.</p><p><img alt="Dirty read in SQL server" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1515169061895-37fbb16acd37?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">12. What is the difference between Function and Stored procedure?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Both are a set of SQL statements which are encapsulated inside the block to complete some task. But they are very different in so many ways.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Stored Procedure- </strong></b><span>The set of SQL statements in Stored procedure is pre-compiled objects which get compiled for the very first time only and afterward it gets saved and reused.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Functions-</strong></b><span> These are executed and compiled every time it gets called. It is mandatory for the function to always return some value also it cannot do DML operations on data.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Let me list down some major differences for both :</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It is mandatory in function to return value while it is optional in a stored procedure.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Function only support input parameters while stored procedures can have both input/output parameter.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>A function can be called from a stored procedure but not vice versa.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The procedure allows SELECT as well DML operations as well but function allows only to SELECT.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>There are restrictions of using stored procedure in the WHERE/HAVING/SELECT section while nothing for function. We use function frequently in WHERE/HAVING/SELECT section.</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The transaction is possible in stored procedures but not in function.</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>An exception can be taken care of in the stored procedure by using the TRY CATCH block but not in function.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">13. What is ACID property in a database?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>It is very critical for any database to maintain data integrity and having consistent data. For choosing any database this is one of the important considerations. Data architects evaluate database on ACID properties only. The ACID is an acronym and stands for Atomicity, Consistency Isolation, Durability.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="ACID property in a database" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1544197150-b99a580bb7a8?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Let me explain to you four pillars of ACID property:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Atomicity -</strong></b><span>These properties ensure that either all operation part of any database transaction will commit or none of the operations will be successful. This will ensure the consistency of data. Nothing partially gets committed in the database either all or none.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Consistency-</strong></b><span>This properties ensure that data will never be in a half-finished state. It ensures changes in data always happen in a consistent way.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Isolation-</strong></b><span>This ensure that all transactions run independently and without intervening one another and till the time each transaction is finished in its own way.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Durability- </strong></b><span>This property is very critical as it ensures that even in case of any failover, there is enough mechanism to recover data in the system.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">14. What are the different normalization forms?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>A normalization which ensures a reduction in redundancy and dependability. It is a popular database breaking down large tables into smaller ones with the help of a relationship. Edgar code was the first one who coined the term normalization and came with three different forms of normalization(1NF,2NF,3NF). Raymond F. Boyce later added another form of normalization which has been named after both inventors (Boyce-Codd NF). Till now we have below normalization forms available so far:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Different normalization forms" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517048676732-dce42f022dc7?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>1st Normal Form</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>2nd 3rd</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Boyce-Codd NF</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>4th 5th 6th</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>But in most practical scenario database design is well supported till 3NF only. Now, let us understand the first four forms of normalization:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">1NF: </strong></b><span>1NF has the below characteristics :</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Each row cell should have a single value</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Each row needs to be unique</span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="1NF Example" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1499540633125-bd2b2f65a7e6?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">2NF: </strong></b><span>The second normal form is an extension of 1NF. It has two rules:</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It has to be 1NF</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It should have a single column as Primary Key</span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The above 1NF table can be extended to 2NF by diving above tables into below two tables:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="2 NF Example" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1460925895917-afdab827c52f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">3 NF: </strong></b><span>This normalization form has also two rules:</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It has to be in 2 NF</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>It should not have a structure in which changes in non-key column value changes another non-key column</span></li></ul></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="3 NF Example" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1614064000300-47b2c5dc44bd?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>For the above table structure, we can have below design to support 3 NF</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="3NF Example" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1486312338219-ce68d2c6f44d?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">BC NF:</strong></b><span> This is required when we have more than one candidate key.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">15. What is the primary key and foreign key? &nbsp;</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The Primary key is the single column or combination of the column which uniquely distinguishes individual rows in the table. It must be unique but can not have NULL values which make it different then UNIQUE KEY. A table can have only a single primary key and contain a single column or combination of columns called a composite key. The foreign key in the table is actually the to the primary key of another table. Please find below the list of differences between two Keys which look similar in nature :</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Primary Key can not have NULL values while foreign key can have NULL values.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Be default primary key creates clustered Index on the table which physically sorts out data based on key while there is no index created on the foreign key. We need to explicitly create indexes on the foreign key.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>We can have a single primary key in the table but we can have multiple foreign keys in the table.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Defining primary key and foreign key" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517048676732-dce42f022dc7?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">16. What is UDF in SQL and how many different types exist for UDF?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>UDF represents user-defined represents which are designed to accept the parameter and does processing on parameter before returning a result set of processing or actions. The result could be either a scalar value or a complete result set. The UDF’s are widely used in scripts, stored procedures and within other’s UDF as well.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">There are several benefits of using UDF :</strong></b></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>UDF is designed keeping in mind modular programming. Once you have created UDF, we can call the UDF multiple times and it is not dependent on source code so we can easily modify it.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>UDF is designed to reduce compilation cost by caching plan so we can reuse them without compiling it.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The WHERE clause is considered as an expensive operation so if we have some filter on complex constraints we can easily create UDF for the same and same UDF can be replaced in WHERE clause.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">There are two types of UDF based on the output value of UDF’s</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The scalar functions-</strong></b><span>The output of this function is scalar values. It may accept zero or more parameters and can return any SQL defined data type other than text, ntext, image, cursor, and timestamp.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="The scalar functions example" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,CiAgPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDxkZWZzPgogICAgICA8bGluZWFyR3JhZGllbnQgaWQ9ImciPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNjY2MiIG9mZnNldD0iMjAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNkZGQiIG9mZnNldD0iNTAlIiAvPgogICAgICAgIDxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9IiNlZWUiIG9mZnNldD0iNzAlIiAvPgogICAgICA8L2xpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50PgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9IiNlZWUiIC8+CiAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iciIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAiIGZpbGw9InVybCgjZykiIC8+CiAgICA8YW5pbWF0ZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjciIgYXR0cmlidXRlTmFtZT0ieCIgZnJvbT0iLTEwMCIgdG89IjEwMCIgZHVyPSIxcyIgcmVwZWF0Q291bnQ9ImluZGVmaW5pdGUiICAvPgogIDwvc3ZnPg=='/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1501504905252-473c47e087f8?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Table values functions- </strong></b><span>This type of function return table as resultset. It can accept zero or more parameters but always return table.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Table values functions example" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1532012197267-da84d127e765?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>A staple in SQL Server interview questions, be prepared to answer this one.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">17. List down the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE command?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Let me list down some basic difference then we will try to understand with examples as well :</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Truncate is lightning fast when we compare it with DELETE commands. The reason for the same is less usage of transaction logs in Truncate. DELETE erase records one by one and at the same time transaction logs get maintained for the get for every record. TRUNCATE erases the records by deallocating space from pages and it makes a single entry in logs.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Triggers are not fired in case of TRUNCATE while delete command fires trigger.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The identity column values get reset in case of TRUNCATE while delete does not reset the identity column value.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>In the case of foreign key constraint or tables used in replication, Truncation happen.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>DELETE falls into the DML category while TRUNCATION falls into the DDL category of commands.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Please consider below example where even after deleting records when transaction was rolled back, it reverted the changes :</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="SQL Server delete with rollback" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1461749280684-dccba630e2f6?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">18. List down the difference between WHERE and HAVING clause.</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The WHERE clause is the most widely used command in SQL and used for filtering records on the result set. The HAVING clause does the same thing but on the grouped result set. The WHERE clause will be executed first before having a clause trigger. Let me try to explain the differences with examples. Any SQL statement follows below syntax:</p><p><img alt="command in SQL" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522202176988-66273c2fd55f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>The order of execution of SQL statements follows from top to bottom. It implies that records are filtered first on the WHERE clause and once the result set is grouped, HAVING clause comes into the picture.</p><p><img alt="Where clause" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531538398863-7fc8db5d8f63?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p><img alt="Where clause" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531538398863-7fc8db5d8f63?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">19. You find SP is not applied to all the nodes across the cluster. How to apply SP only on the required nodes?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>If you find that the product level is not consistent across all the nodes, you will need to fool the 2005 patch installer into only patching the nodes that need updating. To do so, you will have to perform the following steps:</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Fail Instance, Cluster, and MSDTC groups to an unpatched node</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Remove any successfully patched nodes from failover candidates of the SQL Server Service of the instance group (do this using Cluster Admin tool)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Run the patch</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">After the patch installs successfully, add the Nodes removed in Step 2 back to the SQL Server Service of the Instance group</li></ol><p>Why do you need to do this? Well when the patch installer determines that not all nodes in the cluster are at the same patch level, a passive node operation will fail and will prevent you from moving forward with any further patching.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">20. How to apply service pack on Active / Active cluster Nodes?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Make a note of all node names (and/or IP addresses), SQL Server virtual names along with preferred nodes. If there are more than three nodes you may need to also take note of possible owners for each SQL resource group. For my example assume that I have a cluster with node1 and node2, SQL1 normally lives on node1 and SQL2 normally lives on node2.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">To start with a clean slate and ensure any previous updates are completed both nodes should be restarted if possible. Choose the physical node that you want to patch second and restart that node (in my example node2).</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Restart the node you want to patch first (node1). This will mean that both active SQL instances are now running on node2. Some restarts will be essential, but you could avoid the first two restarts if you need to keep downtime to a minimum and just fail SQL1 over to node2. The main point here is to always patch a passive node.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">In a cluster, the administrator removes node1 from the possible owner's lists of SQL1 and SQL2. This means that neither SQL instance can fail over to node1 while it is being patched.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Run the service pack executable on node1.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Restart node1.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Add node1 back into the possible owner's lists of SQL1 and SQL2 and fail both instances over to node1.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Repeat steps 4 – 6 on node2.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Add node2 back into the possible owner's lists of SQL1 and SQL2 and fail both instances over to node2. Check that the building level is correct and review the SQL Server error logs.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Fail SQL1 over to node1. Check build levels and SQL Server error logs</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">21. What are the main events and columns helpful in troubleshooting performance issues using a profiler?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Events:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event Group: Performance</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event: </strong></b><span>ShowPlan_ALL (BinaryData column must be selected)</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event:</strong></b><span> ShowPlan_XML</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event Group: T-SQL</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event: </strong></b><span>SQL:BatchStarted</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event:</strong></b><span> SQL:BatchCompleted</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event Group: Stored Procedures</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event: </strong></b><span>RPC:Completed</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event Group: Locks</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event: </strong></b><span>Lock: Deadlock Graph</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event:</strong></b><span> Lock: Lock Deadlock Chain (Series of events that leads to a deadlock)</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event Group: Sessions</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event:</strong></b><span> Existing Connection</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event Group: Security Audit</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event:</strong></b><span> Audit Login</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Event:</strong></b><span> Audit Log Out</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Columns:</strong></b></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Below are the most common columns that help us in understanding the trace file to troubleshoot the problems.</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>TextData</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>ApplicationName</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>NTUserName</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>LoginName</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>CPU</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Reads</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Writes</span></li><li value="8" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Duration</span></li><li value="9" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>SPID</span></li><li value="10" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>StartTime</span></li><li value="11" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>EndTime</span></li><li value="12" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Database Name</span></li><li value="13" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Error</span></li><li value="14" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>HostName</span></li><li value="15" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>LinkedServerName</span></li><li value="16" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>NTDomainName</span></li><li value="17" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>ServerName</span></li><li value="18" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>SQLHandle</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>All these columns need not be available for all of the events but depend on the event select we have to choose the appropriate columns.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Filters:</strong></b></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>ApplicationName</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>DatabaseName</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>DBUserName</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Error</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>HostName</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>NTUserName</span></li><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>NTDomainName</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">22. What are the agents in replication?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p><img alt="different agents in replication" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1513258496099-48135e5d3c8f?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Snapshot Agent:&nbsp;</strong>Copy Schema+Data to snapshot folder on distributor. Used in all types of replication.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Log reader Agent:&nbsp;</strong>Sends transactions from Publisher to Distributor. Used in transactional replication</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Distribution Agent:&nbsp;</strong>Applies Snapshots / Transactions to all subscribers’ runs at a distributor in PUSH and Runs at Subscriber in PULL. Used in transactional and transactional with updatable subscriptions.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Queue reader Agent:&nbsp;</strong>Runs at distributor send back transactions from subscriber to publisher. Used in Transactional With updatable subscriptions.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Merge Agent:&nbsp;</strong>Applies initial snapshot to subscribers, from the next time synchronize by resolving the conflicts.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">23. Can we configure log shipping in the replicated database?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Replication does not continue after a log shipping failover. If a failover occurs, replication agents do not connect to the secondary, so transactions are not replicated to Subscribers. If a fallback to the primary occurs, replication resumes. All transactions that log shipping copies from the secondary back to the primary are replicated to Subscribers.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>For transactional replication, the behaviour of log shipping depends on the sync with a backup option. This option can be set on the publication database and distribution database; in log shipping for the Publisher, only the setting on the publication database is relevant.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Setting this option on the publication database ensures that transactions are not delivered to the distribution database until they are backed up at the publication database. The last publication database backup can then be restored at the secondary server without any possibility of the distribution database having transactions that the restored publication database does not have. This option guarantees that if the Publisher fails over to a secondary server, consistency is maintained between the Publisher, Distributor, and Subscribers. Latency and throughput are affected because transactions cannot be delivered to the distribution database until they have been backed up at the Publisher.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">24. What are the best RAID levels to use with SQL Server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Before choosing the RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) we should have a look into the usage of SQL Server files.</p><p>As a basic thumb rule “Data Files” need random access, “Log files” need sequential access and “TempDB” must be on the fastest drive and must be separated from data and log files.</p><p>We have to consider the below factors while choosing the RAID level:</p><p><img alt="factors to be considered while choosing the RAID level" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1525547719571-a2d4ac8945e2?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reliability</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Storage Efficiency</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Random Read</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Random Write</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Sequential Read</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Sequential Write</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Cost.</li></ul><p>As an Admin, we have to consider all of these parameters in choosing the proper RAID level. Obviously, the choice is always between RAID-5 and RAID-10</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">25. How to monitor latency in replication?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>There are three methods.</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Replication monitor</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Replication commands</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Tracer Tokens</li></ol><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Replication Monitor:&nbsp;</strong>In the replication monitor from the list of all subscriptions just double click on the desired subscription. There we find three tabs.<ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Publisher to Distributor History</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Distributor to Subscriber History</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Undistributed commands</li></ul></li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Replication Commands:&nbsp;</strong><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Publisher.SP_ReplTran:&nbsp;</strong>Checks the pending transactions at p</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Distributor.MSReplCommands and MSReplTransactions:&nbsp;</strong>Gives the transactions and commands details. Actual T_SQL data is in binary format. From the entry time, we can estimate the latency.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Distributor.SP_BrowseReplCmds:&nbsp;</strong>It shows the eaxct_seqno along with the corresponding T-SQL command</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>sp_replmonitorsubscriptionpendingcmds:&nbsp;</strong>It shows the total number of pending commands to be applied at subscriber along with the estimated time.</li></ul></li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Tracer Tokens:</strong></li></ul><p>Available from Replication Monitor or via TSQL statements, Tracer Tokens are special timestamp transactions written to the Publisher’s Transaction Log and picked up by the Log Reader. They are then read by the Distribution Agent and written to the Subscriber. Timestamps for each step are recorded in tracking tables in the Distribution Database and can be displayed in Replication Monitor or via TSQL statements.</p><p>When Log Reader picks up Token it records time in MStracer_tokens table in the Distribution database. The Distribution Agent then picks up the Token and records Subscriber(s) write time in the MStracer_history tables also in the Distribution database.</p><p>Below is the T-SQL code to use Tracer tokens to troubleshoot the latency issues.</p><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 code-block-wrapper mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-[24px] bg-black p-4 rounded-[12px] relative text-[#708090] overflow-hidden"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 absolute top-4 right-4 z-10"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 px-spacing12 bg-white rounded-full h-10 flex items-center cursor-pointer"><i class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 text-black text-sm icon-copy"></i></div></div><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 overflow-x-auto pb-[12px] w-full"><pre id="code-block-pkow7dp9k" class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words w-full font-mono text-sm">–A SQL Agent JOB to insert a new Tracer Token in the publication database.
USE [AdventureWorks]
Go
EXEC sys.sp_posttracertoken @publication = &lt;PublicationName&gt;
Go
–Token Tracking Tables
USE Distribution
Go
–publisher_commit
SELECT Top 20 * FROM MStracer_tokens Order by tracer_id desc
–subscriber_commit
SELECT Top 20 * FROM MStracer_history Order by parent_tracer_id desc</pre></div></div><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">It's no surprise that this one pops up often in SQL multiple choice questions.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="relative"><div class="mt-spacing20 z-10 relative text-center flex justify-center mt-0"><button class="flex items-center gap-x-spacing8 py-spacing4"><span class="text-sm underline font-semibold text-mono-black">View all questions</span><i class="icon-chevron-down-double text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-800"></i></button></div><div class="absolute bottom-0 block h-32 w-full bg-gradient-to-t from-subdued/100 from-30% md:from-40%"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hidden"><div><div class="text-xl text-neutral-800 mb-spacing20 font-bold">Intermediate</div><div class="relative w-full"><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-primary-main outline-2 shadow-card hover:shadow-card visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-t-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden">1. Explain page, A fundamental unit of storage in SQL Server and different types of pages.</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-0 text-neutral-800"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>A page is a fundamental unit of storage that stores data. The page is the size of 8KB and we have 8 types of pages in SQL Server.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Data</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Index</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Text/Image (LOB, ROW_OVERFLOW, XML)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">GAM (Global Allocation Map)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SGAM (Shared Global Allocation Map)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">PFS (Page Free Space)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">IAM (Index Allocation Map)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">BCM (Bulk Change Map)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">DCM (Differential Change Map)</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">2. Explain the difference between Sequence vs Identity?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>An identity column in the table has auto-generate &amp; auto increase value with each new row insert. The user cannot insert value in the identity column.</p><p>The sequence is a new feature introduced with SQL Server 2012 similar to Oracle’s sequence objects. &nbsp;A sequence object generates a sequence of unique numeric values as per the specifications mentioned. Next VALUE for a SEQUENCE object can be generated using the NEXT VALUE FOR clause.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">IDENTITY is column level property &amp; tied to a particular table. This cannot be shared among multiple tables.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SEQUENCE is an object defined by the user with specific details and can be shared by multiple tables. This is not tied to any particular table.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">IDENTITY property cannot be reset to its initial value but the SEQUENCE object can be reset to initial value any time.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Maximum value cannot be defined for IDENTITY whereas this can be done for SEQUENCE object.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">3. What are the dynamic management views and share any 5 that you are using on a regular basis?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The DMV (Dynamic Management Views) is a set of system views introduced with SQL Server 2005. DMV’s are a new tool of DBA to get internal information of the system and it’s working.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">sys.dm_exec_query_stats</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">sys.dm_exec_sql_text</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">sys.dm_tran_locks - Locking and blocking</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">sys.dm_os_wait_stats - Wait stats</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">sys.dm_exec_requests Percentage – For Percentage complete for a process</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Sys.dm_exec_sessions</li></ul><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">This is a frequently asked SQL Server interview question.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">4. Name all Available isolation levels in SQL Server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>SQL Server supports different types of isolation level.</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Read Uncommitted</strong> – Read Uncommitted is the lowest isolation level allow dirty reads. Here, Changes does by one transaction is visible to other transactions before committing.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Read Committed</strong> – Read Committed s isolation does not allow dirty read. Any data read by the transaction is 100% committed. Till the time transaction is updating the record, it holds exclusive locks on it.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Repeatable Read</strong> – Repeatable read is the most restrictive isolation level which holds locks on the table even with read transactions. Table data cannot be modified from any other sessions until the transaction is completed.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Serializable</strong> – This is the Highest isolation level similar to repeatable read with the prevention of Phantom Read. It ensures transaction referencing same records must run in serially.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Snapshot</strong> – This also known as RCSI (Read Committed Snapshot Isolation). It’s similar to Serializable Isolation but the only difference is Snapshot does not hold a lock on the table during the transaction so that the table can be modified in other sessions. Snapshot isolation maintains versioning in Tempdb for old data called Row Versioning.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">5. Explain any 5 differences between CheckPoint &amp; LazyWriter?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Checkpoint</span></strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Checkpoint occur on Recovery time interval, Backup/Detach Command &amp; on the execution of DDL command.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Checkpoint writes only dirty pages to the disk. Checkpoint does not release any memory.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The checkpoint is responsible for DB recovery point.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Checkpoint always mark entry in T-log before it executes either SQL engine or manually</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Checkpoint occurrence can be monitored using performance monitor “SQL Server Buffer Manager Checkpoint/sec”.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">You need SYSADMIN, DB_OWNER and DB_BACKUPOPERATOR rights to execute checkpoint manually</li></ul><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Lazy Writer</span></strong></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Lazy Writer release buffer pool memory when memory pressure occurs to ensure enough free memory.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Lazy Writer looks for LRU, least recently used (“cold” = least recently read or written, not accessed in recent time) pages in the buffer pool and releases the memory taken by them. Lazy writer releases both dirty and clean pages. Clean pages can be released without writing to disk and dirty pages release after written to the disk.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Lazy Writer is only responsible for managing free buffer space. The lazy writer does not affect or manage database recovery.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The lazy writer doesn’t mark any entry in T-log.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Lazy writer occurrence can be monitored using performance monitor “SQL Server Buffer Manager Lazy writes/sec”.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL server executes its own. User cannot run it manually</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">6. Name any 5 components can be installed with the SQL Server 2016 &nbsp;installation?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Database Engine</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Management Studio</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Profiler</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Configuration Manager</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server CEIP (Telemetry Services)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SSIS CEIP (Telemetry Services)</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Database Tuning Advisor</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQ Profiler</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">R Service</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Connectivity Components</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Communication between clients and servers</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Network libraries for DB-Library, ODBC, and OLE DB.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Documentation and Samples</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Books Online</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">7. How many types of SQL Server database backups and Recovery Models are there?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>SQL Server supports the following types of database backups:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Full Backup</strong> – It contains a complete backup of the database.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Differential backup</strong> – Differential backup is also known as incremental backup. It contains changes happen after the last full backup.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Log Backup</strong> – Log backup contains a backup of the transactional log after last log backup. It contains both committed &amp; uncommitted transactions.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Copy-Only Backup</strong> – Special backup type that does not impact the sequence of regular backups and gives you a copy of the complete database.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Filegroup Backup</strong> – SQL gives you the capability of one or more filegroup backup in place of complete database backup.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Partial Backup</strong> – Partial backup helps you to take a backup of specific data from different files or filegroups.</li></ul><p>SQL Server database backups are supported by all 3 recovery models:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Simple</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Full</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Bulk-logged</li></ul><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">Expect to come across this popular SQL Server DBA interview questions.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">8. What’s the impact if we enable SQL Server Trace Flag 3042 for compressed backups?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>With Compressed backups, SQL Server works on the pre-allocation algorithm to determine how much space the compressed backup will require and will allocate this space at the start of the backup process. At the time of backup completion, the backup process might expand or shrink the backup file on the basis of actual requirement.</p><p>Pre-Allocation helps SQL Server save the overhead of constantly growing the backup file.</p><p>Sometimes when we have a very large database and the difference in uncompressed and compressed backups is very high, preallocated and actual backup space has a significant difference. Trace flag 3042 promote better space management with little over-head to SQL server to grow backup file on a regular basis. This is useful with limited disk space.</p><p>Enabling trace flag 3014 may result in a little spike in CPU &amp; memory but not significant to cause performance issues.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">9. What is pseudo-simple Recovery Model?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Pseudo-simple Recovery Model is situational based recovery model. This is something not given by project but ones with circumstances. It’s a situation where the database may be configured in the FULL recovery model but behaves like a SIMPLE recovery model.</p><p>The database will behave like a SIMPLE recovery model until a full database backup is taken after switching the recovery model to Full.</p><p>For example, You have a database in Simple Recovery Model and now you have switched it to the FULL recovery model. You need to perform a full backup after switching the recovery model; otherwise, the database will keep behaving like simple and keeps truncating the transaction log on commit.</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">A must-know for anyone heading into SQL Server interview, this is frequently asked in SQL multiple choice questions.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">10. Consider a scenario where the server is performing a full backup at Sunday 2 AM, Differential backup Monday to Saturday 2 AM and Transaction Log backup in each 30 Min. You have been reported system crash around Wednesday 7 AM, Please share the recovery path with required backups to recover the system.</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>You need to restore Last Sunday full backup happen at 2 AM then Wednesday Differential backup of 2 AM followed by all Transaction log backups after. Consider all backups are valid, in case of any bad backup file recovery path, will be changed.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">11. What types of functionality does SQL Server Agent provide?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>SQL Server Agent provides multiple functionalities like:-</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Agent is a Windows service come with all SQL editions other than express.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Agent is like task scheduler of OS. It used to schedule jobs/process &amp; reports.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Agent is also provided inbuilt features of Alerts like Blocking, deadlock, etc.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Agent support multiple types of process like T-SQL \ CMD &nbsp;\PowerSheel \ SSAS \ SSIS for scheduled execution.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server Agent provides the proxy option to secure and limit the direct user access on critical sub-systems.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">12. What are SQL Server Agent Fixed Database Roles with the definition?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>SQL Server agent has lots of features and sometimes you need to give rights on an agent to manage and view jobs. Allowing every one with sysadmin permission is not appropriate.</p><p>SQL Server has 3 fixed DB roles for permission on SQL Agent &amp; Jobs.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>SQLAgentUserRole</strong> – Users with SQLAgentUserRole rights can manage Agent jobs created by self. Self-owned jobs can be managed by this rights, he can not view other jobs available on the server.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>SQLAgentReaderRole</strong> – This is the 2nd level of permission on the agent. User with SQLAgentReaderRole rights can only view job available on server but cannot change or modify any jobs. This roll gives the ability to review multi-server jobs, their configurations, and history with SQLAgentUserRole rights.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>SQLAgentOperatorRole</strong> - SQLAgentOperatorRole &nbsp;roles gives you highest permission on agent. User with this role has the ability to review operators, proxies and alerts, execute, stop or start all local jobs, delete the job history for any local job as well as enable or disable all local jobs and schedules with AQLAgentReaderRole rights.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">13. What is the Guest user account? Explain in brief.</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The Guest user account is created by default with SQL server installation. Guest user is not mapped to any login but can be used by any login when explicit permissions are not granted to access an object. You can drop the guest user from all databases except Master and TempDB.</p><p>When any user login to the SQL Server, it has 2 parts Server &amp; database. First, at the Server level, user authentication verifies at the server level and User is able to login to SQL Servers. Second, Login and mapping to the database are verified. In case, Login is not mapped to any user but able to log in on SQL server. SQL automatically map that login to Guest and grant him database access.</p><p>One of the security recommendations of Microsoft is to Drop or disable a Guest user in every database except Master &amp; TempDB database. By having Guest user, you are at risk of unauthorized access to data.</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">It's no surprise that this one pops up often in SQL Server interview questions.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">14. What are SQL Injection and its problems?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>An SQL injection is a web hacking techniques done by unauthorized personnel or processes that might destroy your database.</p><p>An SQL injection is a web security vulnerability that allowed hackers to access application code and queries used to interact with the database. Hacker uses those methods to retrieve data belonging to other users and data not authorized to them. The major challenge is SQL injection can cause a system crash, data stolen, data corruption, etc.</p><p>An SQL injection is not a task of one man or team. Complete support and architecture team work together to get it prevented to happen.Developers \ DBAs are responsible for DB security and proper SQL code. Applications developers are responsible for application code and Db access methods. Infra team is responsible for network, firewall &amp; OS security.</p><p>Proper SQL instance, OS &amp; Farwell security with a well-written application can help to reduce the risk of SQL injection.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">15. What are the primary differences between an index reorganization and an index rebuild?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Index Reorg</strong></span></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The reorganization is an "online" operation.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reorganization only affects the leaf level of an index</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reorganization shuffle data place to rectify existing allocated pages of index</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The reorganization is always a fully-logged operation</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reorganization can be stopped or killed any time, no need for a rollback</li></ul><p><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Index Rebuild</strong></span></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Rebuild is an "offline" operation by default.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Rebuild creates a completely new structure of index B-Tree</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Rebuild uses new pages/allocations</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Rebuild can be a minimally-logged operation</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Rebuild can be stopped or killer but it requires rollback to complete transactionally</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">16. Can the rebuilding cluster index rebuild the nonclustered index on the table?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Each table can have only one Cluster &amp; multiple nonclustered indexes. All nonclustered indexes use the index key of the cluster index or directly depend on the clustered index.</p><p>Because of this dependency, we usually got this question if rebuilding the clustered index will rebuild the nonclustered index on a table or not.</p><p>The answer is NO. Cluster index rebuild will not rebuild or reorganize the nonclustered index. You need to plan a nonclustered index rebuild or reorganization separately.</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">A common in MS SQL interview questions, don't miss this one.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">17. List down best practices of tempDB configuration?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Collation of TempDB should be the same as the SQL Server instance collation.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">TempDB database should be sa.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Guest user should not drop or revoke permissions from TempDB database</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Keep the recovery model SIMPLE only.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Configure tempdb files to automatically grow as required.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ensure TempDB drives is with RAID protection in order to prevent a single disk failure from shutting down SQL Server.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Keep the TempDB database to separate set of disks</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">TempDB database size should be according to server load.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">TempDB database data files should be configured as per available C.P.U. Cores.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">&nbsp;If no of cores &lt; 8 then no. of data files equals no. of logical processors.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If no. of cores is between 8 to 32 inclusive, then no. of data files equals 1/2 data files as logical processors.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If no. of cores &gt; 32, then no. of data files equals 1/4 data files as logical processors.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ensure each data file should be of the same size to allow optimal proportional-fill performance.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Reside tempdb database on a fast I/O subsystem.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Configure auto growth if tempDB data &nbsp;Log files are to a reasonable size to avoid the tempdb database files from growing by too small a value.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Guidelines for setting the FILEGROWTH increment for tempdb files.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If TempDB file size &gt; 0 and &lt; 100 MB, then the recommended filegroup increment can be 10 MB.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If TempDB file size &gt; 100 and &lt; 200 MB, then the recommended filegroup increment can be 20 MB.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">&nbsp;If TempDB file size &gt;= 200 MB, then the recommended filegroup increment can be 10% OR any fixed value depending on the requirement or on the basis of I/O system capabilities.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do not shrink TempDB unless necessary.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Do not enable auto-create statistics &amp; auto update statistics.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Ensure to have auto close OFF.</li></ul><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">One of the most frequently posed SQL Server interview questions for freshers, be ready for it.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">18. What are the different types of SQL Server replication?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Snapshot replication</strong> – Snapshot replication works on a snapshot of the published objects. Snapshot agent takes care of it and applies it to a subscriber. Snapshot replication overwrites the data at the subscriber each time a snapshot is applied. It’s best suited for fairly static data or sync interval is not an issue. Subscriber does not always need to be connected.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Transactional replication</strong> – Transactional replication replicates each transaction for the article being published. For initial setup, Snapshot or backup is required to copy article data at the subscriber. After that Log Reader Agent reads it from the transaction log and writes it to the distribution database and then to the subscriber. It’s the most widely used replication.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Merge replication</strong> – Merge replication is the most complex types of replication which allow changes to happen at both the publisher and subscriber. Changes happen at publisher &amp; subscriber are merged to keep data consistency and a uniform set of data. For an initial setup like transactional replication, Snapshot or backup is required to copy article data at the subscriber. After that Merge Reader Agent reads it from the transaction log and writes it to the distribution database and then to the subscriber. The merge agent is capable of resolving conflicts that occur during data synchronization.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">19. What is the difference between Push and Pull Subscription?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Push &amp; Pull is a type of Replication configuration. It decides how data will be replicated to the subscriber.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Push&nbsp;</strong>– In Push subscription, the publisher is responsible for sending data. Publisher pushes data from the publisher to the subscriber. Distributor agent will run on the Distributor to push changes. The distributor can be configured on the Publisher or separate server. Changes can be pushed to subscribers on demand, continuously, or on a scheduled basis.</li></ul><p>Pull is best suited configured when the subscriber is connected all the time and need the latest data all the time accessed.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Pull&nbsp;</strong>- In Pull subscription, Subscribers is responsible for fetching data. Subscribers requests changes from the Publisher. Distributor agent will run on the subscriber to Pull changes. The subscriber can pull data as &amp; when needed.</li></ul><p>Pull is best suited when subscribers are not online every time. The subscriber can allow data lag and can wait for delay in data refresh</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">20. How log shipping works?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Log shipping is a Microsoft SQL Server DR solution from the very beginning. In Log Shipping, Backup and restores of a database from one Server to another standby server happens automatically.</p><p>Log Shipping works with 3 mandatory &amp; 1 optional Job.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Backup Job</strong> - Backup Job is responsible for taking transactional log backups on the Primary server. It runs on Primary Server.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Copy Job</strong> - Copy Job runs on a secondary server and responsible for copying T-Log backups from the primary server to Secondary server.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Restore Job</strong> - Restore job runs on secondary server to restore T-log backups in sequential order.</li></ul><p>These 3 jobs are created separately for each database configured in log shipping.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Alert Job</strong> – This is an optional job to monitor log shipping threshold and generate notifications. This Job is instance specific.</li></ul><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">A staple in SQL server interview questions, be prepared to answer this one.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">21. Which are the basic system tables to track the information about the Log Shipping?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Log shipping is a disaster recovery solution from Microsoft. Log Shipping comes up with multiple internal tables to refer to its details and monitor current status.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>log_shipping_monitor_alert –</strong> This system table saves alert configuration used to monitor and trigger a notification on violations.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>log_shipping_monitor_error_detail –</strong> This system table shows errors occurred during Log shipping.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>log_shipping_monitor_history_detail –</strong> This system table saves the history of log shipping and it’s status. This can be referred in future for any issues and security report.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>log_shipping_monitor_primary –</strong> These tables save one record per database with backup and monitoring threshold.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>log_shipping_monitor_secondary - </strong>These tables save one record per secondary database with the primary server, primary database, restore and monitoring threshold.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>log_shipping_primary_databases –</strong> This table saves a list of all databases serving as primary database &amp; enabled for Log shipping.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Log_shipping_secondary_databases - </strong>This table saves a list of all databases serving as a secondary database in Log shipping.</li></ul><p>Also, You can use the Transaction Log Shipping Report at Server Level to view the current status.</p><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">22. Explain Principal, Mirror And Witness Servers in DB Mirroring?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Principal Server</strong>:- The main server holding a primary copy of the database and serving client application &amp; requests.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Mirror Server</strong>:- The secondary server which holds a mirrored copy of Principal database and acts as a hot or warm standby server on basis Synchronous &amp; Asynchronous configuration.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Witness Server</strong>: - The witness server is an optional server and it controls automatic failover to the mirror if the principal becomes unavailable.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">23. When I configure database mirroring I’m receiving the below error,<p></p><blockquote><p><em>“One or more of the server network addresses lacks a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Specify the FQDN for each server, and click start mirroring again.”</em></p></blockquote></h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The FQDN (fully qualified domain name) is computer name of each server with the domain name. This can be found running the following from the command prompt:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>IPCONFIG /ALL</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Concatenate the “Host Name” and “Primary DNS Suffix”</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : XYZ</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>Primary DNS Suffix . . . . . . . : corp.mycompany.com</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The FQDN of your computer name will be XYZ.corp.mycompany.com.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="relative"><div class="mt-spacing20 z-10 relative text-center flex justify-center mt-0"><button class="flex items-center gap-x-spacing8 py-spacing4"><span class="text-sm underline font-semibold text-mono-black">View all questions</span><i class="icon-chevron-down-double text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-800"></i></button></div><div class="absolute bottom-0 block h-32 w-full bg-gradient-to-t from-subdued/100 from-30% md:from-40%"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hidden"><div><div class="text-xl text-neutral-800 mb-spacing20 font-bold">Advanced</div><div class="relative w-full"><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-primary-main outline-2 shadow-card hover:shadow-card visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-t-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden">1. Explain Physical Database Architecture In Brief?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-0 text-neutral-800"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>The physical database architecture is a description of the way the database and files are organized in a SQL server.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Pages and extents</strong>- A page is the size of 8KB and set of 8 Pages are called extent. This is the fundamental unit where data is stored.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Physical Database Files and Filegroups</strong>- Database files visible at file system to store data and logs.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Table and Index Architecture</strong>- Database objects inside the database to store &amp; access data.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Database</strong>- Database is a set of data &amp; Log file which resides over the filesystem and managed by the operating system.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>SQL Instance</strong>- SQL instance is a logical entity controlled databases. One SQL instance can have multiple databases. Security and accessibility is also part of the SQL instance.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">2. Explain One to One (1:1), One to Many (1:N) and Man to Many (N:N) mapping with an example?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>One to One(1:1)</strong> – For each instance, in the first entity, there is one and only one in the second entity and vice versa. Like - Employee Name and Employee ID, One employee can have only one Employee ID and one Employee ID can be allocated to one person only.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>One to Many(1:N)</strong> – For each instance, in the first entity, there can be one or more in the second entity but for each instance, in the second entity, there can be one and only one instance in the first entity. Like - &nbsp;Manager &amp; Employee, One Manager can have many employees but one employee can have only one Manager.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong>Many to Many(N:N)</strong> –For each instance, in the first entity there can be one or more instance in the second entity and vice versa. Like – Employee &amp; Project, One Employee can work on multiple projects and One Project can have multiple employees to work.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">3. Explain the Write-Ahead Transaction Log (WAL) protocol?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Write-ahead transaction log controls &amp; defined recording of data modifications to disk. To maintain ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) property of DBMS, SQL Server uses a write-ahead log (WAL), which guarantees that no data modifications are written to disk before the associated log record is written to disk.</p><p>Write-ahead log work as below:-</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">SQL Server maintains a buffer cache to maintain data pages on retrieval</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">When a page is modified in the buffer cache, it marked as dirty. The page is not immediately written back to disk.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">A data page can be modified multiple times before written to disk but maintain separate log entry a transaction log record.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">The log records must be written to disk before the associated dirty page is removed from the buffer cache and written to disk.</li></ul><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">This is a regular feature in SQL query interview questions for experienced professionals, be ready to tackle it.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">4. What is Row Versioning?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>To understand Row versioning, you should first understand RCSI (Read Committed Snapshot Isolation). RCSI does not hold a lock on the table during the transaction so that the table can be modified in other sessions, eliminate the use of shared locks on read operations.</p><p>RCSI isolation maintains versioning in Tempdb for old data called Row Versioning. Row versioning increases overall system performance by reducing the resources used to manage locks.</p><p>When any transaction updates the row in the table, New row version was generated. With each upcoming update, If DB is already having the previous version of this row, the previous version of the row is stored in the version store and the new row version contains a pointer to the old version of the row in the version store.</p><p>SQL Server keeps running clean up task to remove old versions which are not in use. Until the transaction is open, all versions of rows that have been modified by that transaction must be kept in the version store. Long-running open transactions and multiple old row versions can cause a huge tempDB issue.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow visible"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">5. Is it possible to import data using T-SQL commands without using SQL Server Integration Services? &nbsp;If yes, please share commands?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Sometimes we have a situation when we cannot perform such activities using SSIS due to multiple types of databases, Different domains, Older version, etc.</p><p>We have several commands available to import using T-SQL.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>BCP –</strong></span> BCP is Bulk copy program used to import a large number of rows into SQL server or to text\csv files.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Bulk Insert –&nbsp;</strong></span>Bulk insert is used to data files (text \ csv \ excel) into a database table in a user-specified format.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>OpenRowSet –</strong></span> OpenRowSet is used to access remote data from an OLE DB data source. This is an alternative method of Linked server for the one-time or ad-hoc connection.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>OPENDATASOURCE -</strong></span> OPENDATASOURCE is used to access remote data on an ad-hoc basis with 4 part object name without using a linked server name.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>OPENQUERY –</strong></span> OPENQUERY is used to execute a specified query on the specified linked server. OPENQUERY can be referenced in from clause with INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement on the target table.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Linked Servers –</strong></span> Linked Servers are configured to access data outside SQL Server from another SQL instance or DB types (Like Oracle \ DB2, etc.). It has the ability to issue queries &amp; transactions on heterogeneous data sources.</li></ul><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">This is a frequently asked SQL server interview question for experienced professionals.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">6. We have one 3 Node cluster with 1 SQL 2005 and 1 SQL 2008 R2 instance. How many minimum installations are needed to patch all SQL instances in the cluster?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>We need to run the SQL Server patch installation minimally 4 times to patch both SQL instance on all 3 cluster nodes.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">SQL 2005</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; -&nbsp;</span>1 installation, SQL 2005 support remote installation. SQL 2005 patch installation will install the patch on all cluster nodes in one go but only for cluster objects like DB engine or agent.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">SQL 2008 R2</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;–</span> 3 installation, SQL 2008 R2 does not support remote installation. We need to patch all 3 nodes separately.</li></ul><p>Additionally, We may need to run SQL 2005 setup on other 2 nodes to patch non-cluster objects like SSMS but that’s the additional part.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">7. If a transaction starts before backup start time and transaction committed before the completion of the full backup. Please explain which data would be included in the full backup.</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Full backups are set of the complete database with all data. AT the time of any crash or data recovery, it is the starting point to select which full to sue to plan the recovery path.</p><p>To make things clear and doubt free, SQL Server includes all data or transactions data into full backup till the END TIME of backup. If your backup took 2 hours that backup will also contain data changes and transactions that happened in these 2 hours.</p><p>A full backup includes all data and transactions at the completion of backup time. The full backup cover the complete transaction with all the changes that were made after the backup start checkpoint to apply those changes during the database recovery process.</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">Expect to come across this popular question in SQL interview questions.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">8. What is DCM &amp; BCM Page?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">DCM (Differential Changed map):</span></strong> DCM is used by SQL server for differential backup. DCM pages keep track of all extents which has changed since the last full database backup.</li></ul><p>During SQL server differential backup, database engine reads the DCM page and takes a backup of only those pages which has been changed since the last full backup. If the value is 1 means extent has been modified and 0 means not modified. &nbsp;After each full backup, all these extents are marked to 0.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">BCM (Bulk Changed map):</span></strong> BCM page is used in bulk-logged recovery model to track extends changed due to bulk-logged or minimally logged operations.</li></ul><p>During log backup, the database engine reads BCM page and includes all the extents which have been modified by the bulk-logged process. If the Value 1 means modified extent and 0 means not modified. After each log backup, all these extents are marked to 0</p><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">9. While trying to take a differential backup of MASTER database, I am getting below error. Differential backup is supported by all recovery model then why it’s failing for MASTER database. Can you explain what can be the reason?<p></p><blockquote><p dir="ltr">“You can only perform a full backup of the master database. Use BACKUP DATABASE to back up the entire master database.”</p></blockquote></h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>To restore the differential backup of any database, DB needs to be in restoring mode which means DB will not accessible.</p><p>The MASTER database is a startup database for any SQL server instance. SQL instance will be in an offline state if the MASTER database is not accessible.</p><p>If we combined both statements, We can see that differential backup of the MASTER database is unnecessary as we can not restore. That’s why SQL server will not allow you to do take a differential backup of MASTER DB.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">10. Explain multi-server administration and its uses.</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>SQL Server provides the feature of managing jobs from Master \ central server on target servers called multi-server administration. Jobs and steps information is stored on Master Server. When the jobs complete on the target servers notification is sent to the master server so this server has the updated information. &nbsp;This is an enterprise level solution where a consistent set of jobs need to run on numerous SQL Servers.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">11. What are the SQL Server Agent Proxy and its sub-system?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>As the name implies, SQL Server Agent Proxy is an account that grant privilege to the user to execute a particular process or an action when a user does not have rights. The SQL Server Agent Proxies include multiple sub-systems:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>ActiveX Script –</strong></span> Access to run ActiveX Scripts</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Operating System (CmdExec) –</strong></span> Access to run Command line scripts</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Replication Distributor –</strong> </span>Replication Agent Rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Replication Merge –</strong></span> Replication Agent Rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Replication Queue Reader – </strong></span>Replication Agent Rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Replication Snapshot –</strong></span> Replication Agent Rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Replication Transaction-Log Reader – </strong></span>Replication Agent Rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Analysis Services Command -</strong></span> SSAS execution rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Analysis Services Query -</strong></span> SSAS execution rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>SSIS Package Execution –</strong></span> SSIS package execution rights</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Unassigned Proxies –</strong></span> If required option is not able, You can select this like Other option.</li></ul><p>All these sub-systems are available under Proxy in SSMS and you can create as per your requirement.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">12. How can SQL Server instances be hidden?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>To secure your SQL Server instance, it’s advisable to hide your SQL instance. SQL Server instance can be marked as hidden from the SQL Server Configuration Manager.</p><p>SQL Server Configuration Manager &gt; Select the instance of SQL Server, &gt; Right click and select Properties &gt; After selecting properties you will just set Hide Instance to "Yes" and click OK or Apply.</p><p>You need to restart the instance of SQL Server.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">13. How can SQL Injection be stopped / Prevent?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>An SQL injection is a web hacking techniques done by unauthorized personnel or processes that might destroy your database.</p><p>The major challenge is SQL injection can cause a system crash, data stolen, data corruption, etc.</p><p>Proper SQL instance, OS &amp; Farwell security with the well-written application can help to reduce the risk of SQL injection.</p><p><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Development\DBA</strong></span></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Validate or filter the SQL commands that are being passed by the front end</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Validate data types and parameters</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Use stored procedures with parameters in place of dynamic SQL</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Remove old installable from application &amp; database servers</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Remove old backup, application files &amp; user &nbsp;profiles</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Restrict commands from executing with a semicolon, EXEC, CAST, SET, two dashes, apostrophe, special characters, etc.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Restrict the option of CMD execution or 3rd party execution</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Limited or least possible rights to DB users</li></ul><p><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Infra\Server</strong></span></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Latest Patches</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Restricted Access</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Updated Antivirus</li></ul><p><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Network Administration</strong></span></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Allow traffic from required addresses or domains</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Firewall settings to be reviewed on a regular basis to prevent SQL Injection attacks</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">14. How Powershell is useful for DBA? Give any 5 things that you have done using PowerShell?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Powershell is windows scripting and powerful enough to manage things from the core in a very efficient manner. Powershell help in deep automation and quick action on DBA activities. The new face of DBA automation.</p><p>We can perform multiple actions from a DBA perspective using Powershell, like:-</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Check the status of SQL Server service or SQL Server Agent service</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Start/stop a SQL Server service</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Find the SQL Server version/edition including the service pack level</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Find the SQL Server operating system information such as the OS version, processor number, physical memory, etc.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Perform Backups</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Script out a SQL Server Agent Job, based on a specific category</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Kill all sessions connected to a SQL Server database</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">15. Why we execute Update Statistics?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Update Statistics has performed a recalculation of query optimization statistics for a table or indexed view. Although, with Auto Stats Update option, Query optimization statistics are automatically recomputed, in some cases, a query may benefit from updating those statistics more frequently. UPDATE STATISTICS uses tempdb for its processing.</p><p>Please note that update statistics causes queries to be recompiled. This may lead to performance issues for initial execution.</p><p>You can perform Update Statistics by 2 methods:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">UPDATE STATISTICS</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; -</span> This need Alter right on the table and has more controlled options of performing an update only for one table or specific stats. This can’t be used for the complete database in one go.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">SP_UPDATESTATS</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</span>This need sysadmin rights on SQL instance. This can help in performing update stats for all the stats of all table in the database.</li></ul><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">A must-know for anyone heading into SQL Server interview, this is frequently asked in MS SQL interview questions.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">16. If a column is having,&gt;50 % null then which index we should choose?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>If a column in the table is having &gt;50% NULL values then index selection if very selective.</p><p>Index schema is based on B-Tree structure and if the column is having more than 50% NULL values then all data will reside on one side of the tree result ZERO benefits of the index on query execution.</p><p>The SQL server is having a special index called filtered index which can be used here. You can create an index on column only on NON NULL values. NULL data will not be included in the index.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">17. What is force parametrization?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>By Default, SQL Server works in Simple Parameterization where &nbsp;SQL Server internally will add parameters to an SQL statement executed without parameters so that it can try to reuse a cached execution plan. But Simple parametrization has lots of limitation but did not work in the following cases:-</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">JOIN</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">IN</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">BULK INSERT</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">UNION</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">INTO</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">DISTINCT</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">TOP</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">GROUP BY</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">HAVING</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">COMPUTE</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Sub Queries</li></ul><p>To force SQL Server to have Auto Parameterization for every SQL execution, You need to enable Force Parameterization at the database level.</p><p>Force Parameterization settings need proper testing as it may also create an adverse impact on performance.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">18. What are different replication agents and what's their purpose?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Snapshot Agent</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">- </span>The Snapshot Agent is used with all types of replication for the initial copy of an article from publisher to the subscriber. It generates schema copy and bulk copy files of published tables and other objects. Later same is applied to the subscriber. Snapshot Agent runs at the Distributor.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Log Reader Agent</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;-</span> Log Reader Agent is used with transactional replication. It’s responsible for moving transactions marked for replication from the transaction log on the Publisher to the distribution database.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Distribution Agent</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;-</span> Distribution Agent is responsible for applying Snapshot &amp; Transaction logs at subscriber moved to the distributor by Snapshot or Log Reader agent. Distribution Agent runs on Distributor for push subscriptions or at the Subscriber for pull subscriptions.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Merge Agent</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;-</span> Merge Agent is used by merge replication to move initial snapshot followed by movement and reconciliation of incremental data changes. Each merge subscription has its own Merge Agent works with both the Publisher and the Subscriber and updates both. Merge Agent runs on Distributor for push subscriptions or at the Subscriber for pull subscriptions.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Queue Reader Agent</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;- </span>Queue Reader Agent works with transactional replication with the queued updating option. Queue Reader agent runs at the Distributor and moves changes made at the Subscriber back to the Publisher. Only one instance of the Queue Reader Agent exists to service all Publishers and publications for a given distribution database.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">19. How to add a new article in existing replication?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>In the existing replication setup, Sometimes we need to add new articles. When you perform such operations in existing setup, it will mark your snapshot invalid which results in snapshot re-initialize for all articles.</p><p>This sounds normal but considers the situation where a number of articles are very high or the size of the remaining article is huge, reinitialization can bring down your system.</p><p>SQL server provides you option of generating a snapshot of only newly added article. This can be achieved by T-SQL like:-</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Set allow_anonymous property of the publication to FALSE</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Disable Change immediate_sync on the publication</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Invalidate the snapshot by setting property@force_invalidate_snapshot=1 using sp_addarticle</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Refresh subscriptions using sp_refreshsubscriptions</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Start Snapshot Agent using Replication monitor</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">You can notice that bulk-insert statements are created only for the specific article instead of all articles</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Start log reader agent</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Re-enable Change immediate_sync on the publication</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Change back allow_anonymous property of the publication to TRUE</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">20. What are the common reasons which cause Log Shipping issues?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Log shipping may fail due to multiple issues can cause data long, Here are some possible reasons:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Changes in shared folder or share access permissions</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;–</span> Copy Job is responsible for copying log backup from primary to the secondary server. If you have to change the shared folder permissions on the primary server, Copy job will not able to access the share of primary server to copy Log backups.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">A human error like someone deletes the T-log backup file or truncate T-log on the primary server</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;–</span> This is the most common issue. If someone has deleted Log backup by mistake log chain will break and restore might fail. Also if Someone truncates the T-Log file on primary than log chain will break and new log backup will not generate.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Low Drive free space is low on secondary</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;–</span> Standard approach is to have similar drive structure and space on secondary like primary. If secondary has less drive space that it may get full and impact copy or restore process.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Low I/O, Memory, Network resources</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp; - </span>Copy &amp; Restore job needs resource and if you have a long list of databases then you need high resources. Secondary server with low network \ IO or memory can cause server slowness \ crash or delay in the restore.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">TUF file is missing</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;–</span> TUF is transaction undo file which contains active transaction details. If TUF file is deleted and you do not have a backup then you have to reset shipping.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">MSDB database is full</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;–</span> MSDB keeps track of log shipping &amp; restore history. If MSDB got full then Copy &amp; Restore jobs will start failed.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">21. What is TUF file and it contains?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>TUF means Transaction Undo file used when log shipping is configured in standby mode on secondary.</p><p>TUF contains details of transaction not applied on secondary in last Log restore. Basically, these transactions were not committed to the Primary database when the Transaction log backup was in progress. On Next T-Log restore on secondary, Log shipping refer TUF file or state of active transactions.</p><p>If TUF is missing, You can’t recover your log shipping.</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">It's no surprise that this one pops up often in MS SQL server interview questions.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">22. Explain DB Mirroring operating modes?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>We have 3 Operating Modes in DB Mirroring.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">High Availability</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">:-</span> High-Availability operating mode is a combination of principle + mirror + witness with Synchronous. In Synchronous, The Principal server sends the log buffer to the mirror server and then waits for a response from the mirror server. Witness server will monitor principal &amp; Mirror Server, In case Principal is not available the witness and mirror will decide automatic failover to bring mirror online.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">High Protection</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">:-</span> High-Protection operating mode is a combination of principle + mirror with Synchronous. The Principal server sends the log buffer to the mirror server and then waits for a response from the mirror server but Automatic failover is not possible.</li></ul><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">High Performance</span></strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">:- </span>High- Performance operating mode runs asynchronously and the transaction safety set to off. The Principal server sends the log buffer but does not wait for a response from the mirror server for acknowledgment. Mirror server can lag behind from principal and cause data loss.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">23. How to bring mirror DB online if Principle is down?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>We need to perform force failover to bring mirror online when Principle is down. We can perform this using below command:</p><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 code-block-wrapper mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-[24px] bg-black p-4 rounded-[12px] relative text-[#708090] overflow-hidden"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 absolute top-4 right-4 z-10"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 px-spacing12 bg-white rounded-full h-10 flex items-center cursor-pointer"><i class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 text-black text-sm icon-copy"></i></div></div><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 overflow-x-auto pb-[12px] w-full"><pre id="code-block-sg2qxf0vj" class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words w-full font-mono text-sm">ALTER DATABASE &lt;DB Name&gt; SET PARTNER FORCE_SERVICE_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS</pre></div></div><p>If you try to do failover like the normal situation when the principle is online [ALTER DATABASE &lt;DB Name&gt; SET PARTNER FAILOVER] then you will receive below error.</p><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 code-block-wrapper mt-spacing10 mb-[16.8px] md:mb-[24px] bg-black p-4 rounded-[12px] relative text-[#708090] overflow-hidden"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 absolute top-4 right-4 z-10"><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 px-spacing12 bg-white rounded-full h-10 flex items-center cursor-pointer"><i class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 text-black text-sm icon-copy"></i></div></div><div class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 overflow-x-auto pb-[12px] w-full"><pre id="code-block-p8179aktu" class="jsx-189f2d4cbe17d436 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words w-full font-mono text-sm">ALTER DATABASE &lt;DB Name&gt; SET PARTNER FAILOVER</pre></div></div><p>Msg 1404, Level 16, State 10, Line 1 Above command failed because the database mirror is busy. Reissue the command later.d later.</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">A common in SQL server interview questions, don't miss this one.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">24. What are the benefits of Readable Secondary Replicas?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>AlwaysOn provided you with the feature of Readable replica. This is a long-awaited feature where you can utilize your passive node.</p><p>Unlike cluster where your passive node consume all your resources but you cannot utilize them before the primary node goes.</p><p><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>Benefits:</strong></span></p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Offloads your read-only workload from primary to secondary.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Utilize your resources of secondary mode</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Temporary statistics on readable secondary help in performance tuning on secondary.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Offload T-log backups to secondary reduce backup load.</li></ul><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">25. What is the use of RPC in the cluster?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>The Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a system service for interprocess communication (IPC) between different processes. This can be in over on the same computer, on the LAN, or in a remote location, and it can be accessed over a WAN connection or over a VPN connection.</p><p>RPC working on a dynamic range of ports and connect using any available port from the available range. There is a long list of services that depends on RPC like Telnet, DHCP, DNS, COM+, DTC, WINS, etc.</p><p>You may face multiple errors when RPC is not working like</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Cluster name mention not found</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Node1 not able to communicate to Node 2</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">File Share not working</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">MSDTC issues</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Etc.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">26. What is an execution plan in SQL server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>An execution plan, basically, is the consequence of the query optimizer endeavor to ascertain the most proficient approach to implement the request represented by the SQL query you submitted. They are, in this way, the DBA's essential methods for investigating an ineffectively performing query. Instead of conjecture at why a given inquiry is performing a large number of outputs, putting your I/O through the rooftop, you can utilize the execution intend to distinguish the precise bit of SQL code that is causing the issue. For instance, it might filter a whole table-worth of information when, with the best possible list, it could basically backpack out just the row you need. This and more are shown in the execution plan.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Despite the fact that SQL Server more often than not creates a decent arrangement, now and again it's not sufficiently brilliant to approve its arrangements and fix the poor ones. You can get an expected execution plan and a real graphical execution plan in SQL Server. Produce these plans by utilizing the command ctrl M or ctrl L or by utilizing the symbols, which are put to one side of the execute symbol on the standard device bar of SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS).</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are two sorts of execution plans:</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Estimated execution plan: </strong></b><span>Estimated plans give an estimation of the work that the SQL server is required to perform to get the information.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Actual execution plan: </strong></b><span>Actual execution plans are produced after the Transact-SQL questions or batches are executed. Along these lines, a real execution plan contains run time data, for example, the genuine resource usage metrics and any run time alerts. You ought to always check the actual execution plan while investigating.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">27. How can SQL Server instances be hidden?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When you launch SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), you see the choice to connect with a DB instance. Whenever wanted, you can browse instances running on your system. Simply click on the drop down and at the base, there is a ‘Browse for more…’ alternative:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="SQL Server Management Studio" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1523240795612-9a054b0db644?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This enables you to look for local or network instances. I have four instances running on my workstation you see them showed in this list:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="network instances" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1544531586-fde5298cdd40?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>We should expect one of these instances is top secret and we don't need clients to see the instance name. That is conceivable through SQL Server Configuration Manager (SSCM). Open up SSCM and explore to your SQL Server instances:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>select the instance of SQL Server, right click and select Properties. Subsequent to choosing properties you will simply set Hide Instance to "Yes" and click OK or Apply. After the change is made, you have to restart the instance of SQL Server to not uncover the name of the instance.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="SQL Server configuration manager" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1515169061895-37fbb16acd37?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="SQL Server configuration manager" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1515169061895-37fbb16acd37?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Protocols for SQL2014 properties" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1499540633125-bd2b2f65a7e6?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">28. Is it possible to delete rows from views?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The answer to this question depends on the View type. There are two types of Views that exist. One is Simple View created from a single table and which does not have any derived columns based on in-built grouping functions like average, sum, etc and the other one is a complex View. We can delete rows from views if it is a simpler one but not from Complex one. Let me try to make you understand by going into VIEW definition and syntax.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>In SQL, a view is a virtual table dependent on the outcome set of a SQL query. A view contains rows much the same as a real physical table. The fields in a view are fields from at least one real table in the database. You can include SQL functions, WHERE, and JOIN clauses to a view and present the information as though the information were originating from one single table.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="SQ; code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1517245386807-bb43f82c33c4?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are two types of views that exist. One is the normal one (derived from a single table) and the other one is a complex one (derived from multiple tables). We can delete/update data from view only when it is a normal one and does not have any derived columns based on AVG, COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, etc. We can not delete rows from a complex view.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This is a regular feature in SQL query interview questions for experienced professionals, be ready to tackle it.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">29. What is a hot and cold backup in SQL server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>These are two approaches for taking database backup. One approach supports the offline mode while the other supports online mode. The cold back up is the one which deals in offline mode while copying data and log files. This is not standard practice to bring your database offline and take a back up. But there are situations where we need to bring our databases offline before taking a back up. There is a very simple command to do the same (BACKUP DATABASE). We want to ensure our data is in a consistent state before back up as there might be a scenario where any running query has inserted an entry in the log but yet to make an entry in data files. &nbsp;Please find below scenarios where we go with a cold back up approach:</p><p><img alt="hot and cold backup in SQL server" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1540316687405-b04ebbbddfb1?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p>The hot backup is just a reversal of the cold one. In a real-world scenario, we do not want to suffer business losses by bringing our database offline and at the same time, we want to keep a copy of the database to recover from any disaster situation.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">30. What can a developer do amid the logical and physical design of a database so as to help guarantee that their database and SQL Server-based application will perform well?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>There are lots of things that need to be considered before going into designing a logical and physical data model. We must consider first what type of data we are going to store, how the data is being accessed, understanding system playing the role of upstream, understanding downstream system and finally planning by understanding volume of data that is going to come on a daily If we are going to upgrade any existing platform then understanding existing pain area also help developers to design the database to meet future needs along with remediating those bottlenecks.Understanding your data is important but unless we have clarity of different components of data, we would not be able to make a better plan.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Also, we need to revisit our design at several stages of a project as we work in an evolving world where requirement changes overnight. So Agility and flexibility of database design are very important. We should be able to meet any future requirements as well with a flexible approach. We should always revisit data relationships, volume and indexes to ensure we stick to the flexible requirement. Also, we should always frequently profile our database server using tools like SQL server profiler to identify any problem areas on a regular basis.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">31. What is an extended stored procedure and what is the use of it?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The extended stored procedure is programs written in c/c++ and similar to a stored procedure like they accept parameter but the result set is returned through SQL server’s open data services API. It runs from SQL server process memory only and stored in a master database. It does not run from the current database context and to trigger extended stored procedure we need to pass the fully qualified name like master.dbo.xp_*. The best is wrapping extended stored proc under system procedure so you do not need to call extended one with the fully qualified name.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="SQL Code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1581091226825-a6a2a5aee158?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The cleaning of parameters to be passed to extended stored procedure xp_varbintohexstr is taken care of by</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>sp_hexstring. sp_hextsring can be executed from any database context without being referenced by a qualifier. The above is an example of wrapping extended procedures inside the system procedure. Once you call the extended stored procedure, the request transfers in the tabular data stream or in SOAP format from calling application to SQL server.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">32. What are the points to be considered for creating a fast performing stored procedure?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The performance of any application largely depends upon the backend process which extracts data. If it is faster then the application will be also responsive. The designing of the stored procedure is very critical and need to be careful to remove any We can consider the following points while designing stored procedure :</span></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Variables: </strong></b><span>We should minimize the use of variables as it is stored in the cache.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Dynamic queries:</strong></b><span> We should minimize the use of dynamic query as dynamic query gets recompiled every time parameter gets changed.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>The stored procedure should be always called with fully qualified names database_name.schema_name.sp_name , this avoids the search of an execution plan in the procedure cache.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>We should always use SET NOCOUNT ON which suppresses rows affected to improve the performance of the query. This is very critical in case SP is called frequently as not using the above syntax can load the network.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>We should not use sp_ in stored procedure name as it is used for system procedure so it causes an extra trip to the master database to see if any system procedure matches with the user-defined procedure</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>We can use sp_executeSQL or KEEPFIXED PLAN to get away with recompilation of stored procedures even if we have parameterized dynamic queries.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt=" KEEPFIXED PLAN code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1544197150-b99a580bb7a8?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="7" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>We should be careful in choosing WHERE condition as it triggers index seek. Sometimes we might end up doing full table scans if were conditions not chosen carefully.</span></li></ol><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="8" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>We should avoid using IN operators as it checks for NULL values as well. We should use EXISTS as it does not consider NULL values. The below query second will give faster results as compared to the first one.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="Code" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1535905557-58cb6c7a44aa?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="9" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>If not necessary we should avoid using DISTINCT and ORDER BY clause as it is an additional load on the database engine.</span></li></ol><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li value="10" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><span>We should avoid CURSORS. Instead of CURSORS, we should use temp tables /table variables inside the loop to achieve the desired result set.</span></li></ol><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This is a frequently asked SQL Server interview question.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">33. What is the use case of using CURSOR?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>SQL Server cursors are immaculate when we need to work one record at any given moment, as opposed to taking every one of the information from a table as a solitary bulk. Be that as it may, they ought to be utilized with consideration as they can influence execution, particularly when the volume of information increments. From an amateur's perspective, I truly do feel that cursors ought to be maintained a strategic distance from each time in such a case that they are badly composed, or manage an excess of data, they truly will affect system performance. There will be times when it is absurd to expect to evade cursors, and I doubt if numerous system exists without them. In the event that you do discover you have to utilize them, attempt to lessen the number of records to process by utilizing a temp table first, and afterward assembling the cursor from this. The lower the number of records to process, the quicker the cursor will wrap up. Please find below syntax for CURSORS widely used :</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="CURSOR" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1486312338219-ce68d2c6f44d?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">The process flow of CURSOR look like below diagram:</strong></b><br><img alt="process flow of CURSOR" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1535905557-58cb6c7a44aa?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">34. Explain Locks in SQL and how many Locks are available?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" data-mode="standard"><br></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Locks allow seamless functioning of the SQL server even in concurrent user sessions. As we as a whole know, different clients need to get to databases simultaneously. So locks come for rescue to keep information from being undermined or negated when numerous clients endeavor to do data manipulation tasks DML operations, for example, read, compose and update on database. "Lock is characterized as a component to guarantee information integration, consistency while enabling simultaneous access to information. It is utilized to execute simultaneous control when various clients get to Database to control its information in the meantime".</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Locks can be applied to various database components. Please find below areas where a lock can be applied :</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="various database components" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531482615713-2afd69097998?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">RID:</strong></b><span> (Row ID)</span><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold"> </strong></b><span>This helps us in locking a single row inside a table.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Table:</strong></b><span> It locks the whole table, even data, and indexes as well.</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Key:</strong></b><span> It intends to lock key available in tables. It implies the primary key, Candidate Key, Secondary key and so forth.</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Page: </strong></b><span>The page represents an 8-kilobyte (KB) data page or index page. The lock can be placed on Page Level additionally, it implies if a specific page is locked so another client can't refresh the information on it.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Extent: </strong></b><span>Extent is represented by a Contiguous gathering of eight data pages that can incorporate index pages moreover.</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Database: </strong></b><span>Entire Database can be locked for some sort of clients who have read authorization on the database.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><br></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">35. How many models of Locks being supported in the SQL server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The locks which get applied on various resources of SQL server can be classified into below models :</span></p><ul class="CertTheme__ul"><li value="1" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Exclusive (X)</strong></b><span>: This lock type, when forced, will guarantee that a page or row will be available only for the transaction that forced the lock, as long as the transaction is running. The X lock will be forced by the transaction when it needs to manipulate the page or row data by DML operations like inserting, modifying and deleting. This lock can be forced to a page or row just if there is no other shared or exclusive lock forced as of now on the resources. This ensures that only one exclusive lock can be applied and no other lock can be applied afterward till the time the previous lock gets removed.</span></li><li value="2" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Shared (S)</strong></b><span>: This lock type, when forced, will save a page or row to be accessible just for reading, which implies that some other transaction will be not allowed to manipulate record till the time lock remains active. Nonetheless, a shared lock can be forced by multiple transactions concurrently over a similar page or row and in that manner, multiple transactions can share the capacity for data reading. A shared lock will permit writing tasks, yet no DDL changes will be permitted</span></li><li value="3" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Update (U)</strong></b><span>: an update lock is like an exclusive lock however is intended to be more adaptable. An update lock can be forced on a record that as of now has a shared lock. In such a case, the update lock will force another shared lock on the intended When the transaction that holds the update lock is prepared to change the data, the update lock (U) will be changed to an exclusive lock (X). While the update lock can be forced on a record that has the shared lock but the shared lock can't be forced on the record that as of now has the update lock</span></li><li value="4" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Intent (I): </strong></b><span>The idea behind such a lock is to guarantee data modification to be executed appropriately by stopping another transaction to gain a lock on the next in the hierarchy object. Generally, when a transaction needs to obtain a lock on the row, it will gain an intent lock on a table, which is a higher chain of the intended object. By obtaining the intent lock, the transaction won't enable other transactions to procure the exclusive lock on that table.</span></li><li value="5" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Schema (Sch): </strong></b><span>This lock is applied on a table or index when we want to manipulate any changes in that resource. We can have only one Schema lock at a given point of time. This lock gets applied when we perform operations that depend on the schema of an object.</span></li><li value="6" class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10"><b><strong class="CertTheme__textBold">Bulk update (BU): </strong></b><span>This lock is required when bulk operations need to perform. At the point when a bulk update lock is gained, different transactions won't most likely access a table during the mass load execution. Be that as it may, a bulk update lock won't avoid another bulk update to be executed in parallel.</span></li></ul><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Locking hierarchy of database objects can be understood by the below diagram and lock is always obtained from top to bottom:</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt="hierarchy of database" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1551288049-bebda4e38f71?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Below is the lock compatibility matrix between different modes of lock available:</span><br><img alt="matrix between different modes of lock available" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1486312338219-ce68d2c6f44d?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">36. What is Lock escalation in SQL</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This is the strategy used by SQL server to avoid locking a large number of database resources. The locking on resource use lot of memory spaces. Let's try to understand this by a use case where we have to apply locks on 30,000 records where each record size is 500 bytes for triggering DELETE operation. If we consider the memory space requirement for the above use case then we would be requiring one shared lock on database, one intent lock on a table, exclusive locks on the pages would be in the range of 1875 and around 30000 exclusive locks on rows. If we consider 96 bytes size for each lock then total memory space requirement would be 3MB for single delete operation.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt=" Lock escalation in SQL" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531482615713-2afd69097998?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>To avoid such a SQL server leverage lock escalation strategy. This will prevent the need of large memory space requirement by escalating those locks to single lock instead of many locks. So in cases where we need thousands of locks on many resources, lock escalation will ensure single lock which will fulfill our objective and at the same time taking care of memory space issue. The exclusive lock on the table will ensure that we do not need page level lock to ensure data integrity. Instead of having so many locks required on many columns and pages lock, SQL Server will escalate to the exclusive lock on a table.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><img alt=" Lock escalation in SQL" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1531482615713-2afd69097998?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">37. What is an optimistic and pessimistic lock in SQL?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>An optimistic lock is the widely used strategy utilized in n tier applications were while reading data from the database we check versioning of data before writing it back to the database. The versioning is done on a date, timestamps or checksum/hashes. This approach is used to prevent dirty read scenario where we take a decision based on data which is not yet committed in the database.&nbsp;</p><p>The optimistic approach will ensure that in case dirty read is identified based on versioning we will start from fresh. This strategy is popular where system deals with a high volume of data and even in the case of n tier applications where we are not always connected to a database with single connections. It is a pool of connection from which we connect to the database with any connection which is free and available at that time. We can not apply lock in such cases. This strategy is applied in most of the banking operations.</p><p>Pessimistic is just opposite of Optimistic lock as it takes an exclusive lock on resources till the time we finish with our operations. It keeps data integrity high but performance will be always slower in this case. We need to connect to a database with an active connection (which is the case in two-tier application).</p><p><img alt="optimistic and pessimistic lock in SQL" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async"  class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;background-size:cover;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100'%3E%3Cfilter id='b' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='20'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Cimage preserveAspectRatio='none' filter='url(%23b)' x='0' y='0' height='100%25' width='100%25' href='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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'/%3E%3C/svg%3E&quot;)" sizes="(min-width: 767px) 50vw, 100vw" srcSet="" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1550133730-695473e544be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1000&q=80"></p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">Expect to come across this popular SQL Server interview question.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">38. When should a developer use the NOLOCK hint? What problems can happen when using this hint and how can these problems be addressed?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>The performance of the SQL query gets improved by NOLOCK as it does not lockup rows so it will not affect reading /processing data from the table. The NOLOCK can be used while dealing with large tables having a million records and with a table where data rarely gets changed. If we have too many locks in SQL then row level locking can be extended to block and even on table level which might stall processing of query till the time operation which acquired lock does not get completed. We can extract committed and uncommitted data using NOLOCK. This situation may result in dirty read if the system has not been designed to handle such a scenario.</p><p>Generally to avoid dirty read we use the TIMESTAMP column which can be referenced while executing DELETE /UPDATE commands to know if data has been changed or not. This helps us in preventing data changes based on dirty read problem. Comparing each column values is very &nbsp;expensive operation so this is the reason industry standard suggest TIMESTAMP column</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">39. Consider a situation where publisher database log file has been increasing and there is just a few MB available on disk. As an experienced professional how do you react to this situation? Remember no disk space available and also we can’t create a new log file on another drive</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Essentially we have to identify the bottleneck which is filling the log file.</p><p>As a quick resolution check all possible solutions as below:</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Resolve if there are any errors in the log reader agent/distribution agent</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Fix if there are any connectivity issues either between publisher-distributor or distributor</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Fix if there are any issues with I/O at any level</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Check if there is any huge number of transactions pending from publisher</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Check if there are any large number of VLFs (USE DBCC Loginfo)which slows the log reader agent work.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Check all database statistics are up-to-date at the distributor. Usually, we do switch off this “Auto Update Stats” by default.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">To find and resolve these issues we can use “Replication Monitor”, “DBCC Commands”, “SQL Profiler”, “System Tables / SP / Function”.</li></ul><p>If in case we can’t resolve just by providing a simple solution we have to shrink the transaction log file. Below are two methods.</p><p><strong>To shrink the transaction log file:</strong></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Backup the log — So transactions in vlf’s are marked as inactive</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Shrink the log file using DBCC SHRINKFILE – Inactive VLF’s would be removed</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">If you find no difference in size repeat the above steps 1 and 2</li></ol><p><strong>To truncate the transaction log file:</strong></p><p>In any case, we are not able to provide the solution against the increasing logfile the final solution is to disable the replication, truncate the log and reinitialize the subscribers.</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Disable replication jobs</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Execute the SP_ReplDone procedure. It disables the replication and mark as “Replicate done” for all pending transactions at the publisher.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Backup the transaction log “WITH TRUNCATE” option.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Shrink the log file using “DBCC SHRINKFILE”</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Flues the article cache using “sp_replflush”.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Go to distributor database and truncate the table MSRepl_Commands</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Connect to replication monitor and reinitialize all subscriptions by generating a new snapshot.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Enable all replication-related jobs.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">40. Can we add an article to the existing publication without generating a snapshot with all articles?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Yes! We can do that. Follow the below steps to publish a new article to the existing publication.</p><p>There are two parameters that we need to change to “False”. 1. Immediate Sync and 2. Allow_Ananymous.</p><p>Both the fields were set to ON by default. If the Immediate_sync is enabled every time you add a new article it will cause the entire snapshot to be applied and not the one for the particular article alone.</p><p><strong><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Steps:</span></strong></p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Change the values to “True” for publication properties “Immediate_Sync” and “Allow_Anonymous” using SP_CHANGEPUBLICATION</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Add a new article to the publication using SP_AddArticle. While executing this procedure along with the required parameters also specify the parameter “@force_invalidate_snapshot=1”.</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Add the subscriptions to the publication for the single table/article using “SP_ADDSUBSCRIPTION”. While executing this proc specify the parameter “@Reserved = Internal”. Generate a new snapshot which only includes the newly added article.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">41. How distributed transactions work in SQL Server?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p></p><p>Distributed transactions are transactions that worked across the databases, instances in the given session. Snapshot isolation level does not support distributed transactions.</p><p>We can explicitly start a distributed transaction using “BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION &lt;TranName&gt;”</p><p>For example, if BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION is issued on ServerA, the session calls a stored procedure on ServerB and another stored procedure on ServerC. The stored procedure on ServerC executes a distributed query against ServerD, and then all four computers are involved in the distributed transaction. The instance of the Database Engine on ServerA is the originating controlling instance for the transaction.</p><p>When a distributed query is executed in a local transaction, the transaction is automatically promoted to a distributed transaction if the target OLE DB data source supports ITransactionLocal. If the target OLE DB data source does not support ITransactionLocal, only read-only operations are allowed in the distributed query.</p><p>In order to work with these transactions, make sure below settings are done.</p><ol class="CertTheme__ol1 pt-spacing10"><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">MSDTC must be running on all supported instances</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Choose the option “No authentication required” from MSDTC properties</li><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Turn on random options at linked server properties like “RPC”, “RPC Out”, “Data Access” etc.</li></ol><p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">42. I wanted to know what are the maximum worker threads setting and active worker thread count on SQL server. Can you tell me how to capture this info? What’s the default value for the max thread count?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>We can check the current settings and thread allocation using the below queries.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Thread setting</li></ul><p>select max_workers_count from sys.dm_os_sys_info.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">Active threads</li></ul><p>select count(*) from sys.dm_os_threads.</p><ul><li class="CertTheme__listItem pt-spacing10">&nbsp;The default value is 255.</li></ul><p>Increasing the number of worker threads may actually decrease the performance because too many threads cause context switching, which could take so much of the resources that the OS starts to degrade in overall performance.</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">A common in advanced SQL Server interview questions, don't miss this one.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">43. See I have an environment, Sunday night full backup, everyday night diff backup, and every 45 min a transactional backup. The disaster happened at 2:30 PM on Saturday. You suddenly found that the last Sunday backup has been corrupted. What’s your recovery plan?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>When you find that the last full backup is corrupted or otherwise unrestorable, making all differentials after that point useless. You then need to go back a further week to the previous full backup (taken 13 days ago) and restore that, plus the differential from 8 days ago, and the subsequent 8 days of transaction logs (assuming none of those ended up corrupted!).</p><p>If you’re taking daily full backups, a corrupted full backup only introduces an additional 24 hours of logs to restore.</p><p>Alternatively, a log shipped copy of the database could save your bacon (you have a warm standby, and you know the log backups are definitely good).</p><p><span data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US">One of the most frequently posed SQL query interview questions for experienced professionals, be ready for it.</span><span data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">44. Full backup size is 300 GB, usually my diff backup size varies between 300 MB and 5 GB, unfortunately, one-day diff backup size was increased to 250 GB? What might be the reason any idea?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p>Are you the kind of DBA who rebuilds all indexes nightly? Your differential backups can easily be nearly as large as your full backup. That means you’re taking up nearly twice the space just to store the backups, and even worse, you’re talking about twice the time to restore the database.</p><p>To avoid these issues with diff backups, ideally, schedule the index maintenance to happen right before the full backup.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rounded-xl mb-spacing24 last:mb-0 outline duration-300 transition ease-in-out outline-1 outline-neutral-200 hover:outline-neutral-400 hover:shadow-neutralShadow hidden"><div class="cursor-pointer items-center justify-between p-4 transition-all duration-500 undefined bg-white p-spacing16 pl-spacing24 flex gap-spacing8 rounded-xl"><div class="flex text-sm font-semibold items-center overflow-x-auto"><h3 class="text-neutral-800 font-bold text-sm leading-5.5 -indent-0 pl-5 overflow-hidden line-clamp-2">45. What is .TUF file? What is the significance of the same? Any implications if the file is deleted?</h3></div><div class="md:w-5 md:h-5 w-6 h-6 ml-spacing8 flex items-center transition-all duration-300"><i class="icon-chevron-up-filled inline-block transition-transform duration-300 text-xl rotate-180 text-primary-main"></i></div></div><div class="overflow-hidden p-0 transition-all duration-500 ease-in-out rounded-b-xl" style="max-height:0px"><div><div class="p-spacing24 bg-white border-t border-neutral-200 faq-editor-content last:rounded-b-xl"><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>.TUF file is the Transaction Undo File, which is created when performing log shipping to a server in Standby mode.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>When the database is in Standby mode the database recovery is done when the log is restored, and this mode also creates a file on the destination server. TUF extension which is the transaction undo file.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>This file contains information on all the modifications performed at the time backup is taken.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The file plays an important role in the Standby mode… the reason is very obvious while restoring the log backup all uncommitted transactions are recorded to the undo file with only committed transactions written to disk which enables the users to read the database. So when we restore the next transaction log backup; the SQL server will fetch all the uncommitted transactions from undo file and check with the new transaction log backup whether committed or not.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If found to be committed the transactions will be written to disk else it will be stored in undoing file until it gets committed or rolled back.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>If .tuf file is got deleted there is no way to repair log shipping except reconfiguring it from scratch.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>A staple in SQL server interview questions, be prepared to answer this one.</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="relative"><div class="mt-spacing20 z-10 relative text-center flex justify-center mt-0"><button class="flex items-center gap-x-spacing8 py-spacing4"><span class="text-sm underline font-semibold text-mono-black">View all questions</span><i class="icon-chevron-down-double text-xl leading-5 text-neutral-800"></i></button></div><div class="absolute bottom-0 block h-32 w-full bg-gradient-to-t from-subdued/100 from-30% md:from-40%"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div><div class="sticky top-0 self-start max-h-screen overflow-y-auto w-full"><div class="w-full overflow-hidden pt-spacing32"><div class="px-spacing16 py-spacing20 rounded-xl border border-neutral-200 bg-white"><div class=""><h5 class="text-lg leading-6 text-mono-black font-bold">Want to Know More?</h5></div><form novalidate="" class="pt-spacing20 w-full"><div class="mb-spacing12"><div class=" relative  w-full  group h-11 flex direction-row justify-between rounded-lg border-none
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7.007 3.684 11.337-9.643-7.006-9.645 7.006 3.685-11.337-9.645-7.007h11.921zM179.178 144.696l3.684 11.337h11.921l-9.645 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.644-7.006-9.644 7.006 3.685-11.337-9.645-7.007h11.921zM168.047 178.087l3.684 11.337h11.921l-9.644 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.645-7.006-9.643 7.006 3.684-11.337-9.644-7.007h11.92zM132.474 178.087l3.683 11.337h11.921l-9.644 7.007 3.684 11.337-9.644-7.006-9.644 7.006 3.684-11.337-9.644-7.007h11.92z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Singapore +65</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M425.301 233.745l3.388 10.428h10.963l-8.87 6.444 3.388 10.427-8.869-6.444-8.871 6.444 3.388-10.427-8.87-6.444h10.963zM386.107 308.817l5.083 15.642h16.445l-13.305 9.667 5.082 15.64-13.305-9.667-13.305 9.667 5.083-15.64-13.305-9.667h16.445zM387.588 185.971l4.236 13.036h13.704l-11.088 8.054 4.235 13.034-11.087-8.056-11.088 8.056 4.235-13.034-11.087-8.054h13.704zM349.876 233.291l5.082 15.641h16.446l-13.306 9.666 5.084 15.641-13.306-9.666-13.305 9.666 5.082-15.641-13.305-9.666h16.445z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M256.003 85.329v30.564l-45.178 25.088h45.178v59.359H196.89l59.113 32.846v22.806h-26.69l-73.484-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.429 48.573H.003v-30.553l45.168-25.099H.003v-59.359h59.103L.003 108.147V85.329h26.68l73.494 40.838V85.329h55.652v48.573l87.43-48.573z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.334H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.998v-15.739l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.998v-15.739l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.998v-15.739l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.739l100.174-55.654z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.983L0 85.33v15.738l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.983L0 85.33v15.738l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.983L0 85.33v15.738l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.983L256 101.068V85.33l-100.174 55.653z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">New Zealand +64</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Germany +49</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#dd0d12" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">United Arab Emirates +971</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M274.2 119.8c-5.1 21.1-14.1 17.1-18.5 35.5-26.1-6.3-42.1-32.5-35.9-58.6 6.3-26.1 32.5-42.1 58.5-35.9-8.7 36.9.5 40.1-4.1 59zM206.6 135.4c18.5 11.3 11.9 18.7 28 28.6-14 22.9-43.9 30-66.8 16s-30-43.9-16-66.8c32.3 19.8 38.2 12.1 54.8 22.2zM200.6 204.6c16.5-14.1 21.4-5.5 35.8-17.8 17.4 20.4 15 51-5.4 68.4-20.4 17.4-51 15-68.4-5.4 28.7-24.6 23.2-32.6 38-45.2zM264.5 231.7c-8.3-20.1 1.4-22.1-5.9-39.6 24.8-10.3 53.2 1.5 63.4 26.3 10.3 24.8-1.5 53.2-26.3 63.4-14.5-35-23.8-32.2-31.2-50.1zM310 179.3c-21.6 1.7-20.6-8.1-39.5-6.6-2.1-26.7 17.9-50.1 44.6-52.2 26.7-2.1 50.1 17.9 52.2 44.6-37.7 2.9-37.9 12.7-57.3 14.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Hong Kong +852</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ireland +353</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#DB3E00" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#479900" d="M331 0h182v342H331z"></path><path d="M0 0h181.8v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 126.7c-19.4 0-35.2 15.8-35.2 35.2v52.8h70.4v-52.8c0-19.5-15.8-35.2-35.2-35.2z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 84.3c-47.7 0-86.4 38.7-86.4 86.4S208.3 257 256 257s86.4-38.7 86.4-86.4-38.7-86.3-86.4-86.3zm0 157.7c-39.4 0-71.4-32-71.4-71.4 0-39.4 32-71.4 71.4-71.4 39.4 0 71.4 32 71.4 71.4 0 39.5-32 71.4-71.4 71.4z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Afghanistan +93</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M513 210.9H202.2V342h-79.8V210.9H0V131.1h122.4V0h79.8v131.1H513v61.2z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M513 149.7v42.6H183.7V342H141V192.3H0v-42.6h141V0h42.7v149.7z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Aland Islands +358</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 90 60"><path fill="#ED2024" d="M0 0h90v60H0z"></path><path fill="#212121" d="M32.5 12.2v16l7.1 2.5-5 4.9 2.4 3 5.3-5.5 1.2 2.3-3 4.9 3.6 5.6-1.8 2.6 2.8 3.6 2.7-3.7-1.5-2.6 3-5.8-2.7-4.6 1.2-2.3 5.2 5.5 2.5-2.9-5.2-5.1 7.2-2.6V12.2l-5.2 1.9-.1 3.8-3.3.3v-2.6l1.7-2.3 5.6-2.2-2.3-.4 1.4-1.2.9.4-.8-1.4L54 9l-1-1.1L47.5 9l1.4 1.1-3.8 4.9-3.8-4.8 1.3-1.1-5-1.2L36.2 9l-1.5-.4-.8 1.4.9-.6 1.6 1.1-2.3.5 5.5 2 1.6 2.3v2.9l-3.3-.3v-3.6z"></path><g fill="#212121"><path d="M26.2 25h6.4v2.5h-6.4zM26.2 20.9h6.4v2.7h-6.4zM26.2 16.7h6.4v2.6h-6.4zM26.2 12.7h6.4v2.5h-6.4z"></path></g><g fill="#212121"><path d="M57.4 25h6.4v2.5h-6.4zM57.4 20.9h6.4v2.7h-6.4zM57.4 16.7h6.4v2.6h-6.4zM57.4 12.7h6.4v2.5h-6.4z"></path></g><path fill="#212121" d="M53.4 36.1h6.4V38h-6.4zM30.2 36.1h6.4V38h-6.4z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Albania +355</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#41662E" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0h256v341.3H256z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M341.5 105.3l-29.4 40.4-47.5-15.4 29.4 40.4-29.4 40.4 47.5-15.4 29.4 40.4v-50l47.5-15.5-47.5-15.4z"></path><path d="M309.9 276.7c-58.5 0-106-47.5-106-106s47.5-106 106-106c18.3 0 35.4 4.6 50.4 12.7-23.5-23-55.7-37.2-91.2-37.2-72 0-130.4 58.4-130.4 130.4S197.1 301 269.1 301c35.5 0 67.7-14.2 91.2-37.2-14.9 8.2-32.1 12.9-50.4 12.9z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Algeria +213</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M513 33L95.3 171 513 310.76v30.57L0 171 513 0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M513 287.18v24.58L81.72 171 513 30v24.16"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M476.98 140.21l-21.89 10.68-3.18-15.32 31.19-29.77s-9.42-40.65-13.75-44.98l-112.32 55.82-6.84 36.76-31.9 28.59-.4 34.2 34.29-22.76 67.23-2.66-1.51 38.11h22.23l11.9-44.64 31.55-24.61-6.6-19.42z"></path><path fill="#EFC100" stroke="#231F20" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M317.89 238.41l-22.24-11.11 22.24-11.11h144.46v22.22z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">AmericanSamoa +1684</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M342 0h171v342H342zM198.92 113.58H256v64.8h-57.08zM309.16 228.68L256 243.18v-64.8h57.08z"></path><path fill="#BC8B00" d="M182.24 95.92v92.2c0 34.32 27.26 54.17 48.63 64.46-.8 1.37 25.13 8.26 25.13 8.26s25.93-6.9 25.13-8.26c21.38-10.29 48.63-30.14 48.63-64.46v-92.2H182.24zm129.86 92.2c0 16.88-10 29.43-32.76 43.9-8.62 5.48-17.54 9.03-23.34 11.01-5.8-1.98-14.72-5.53-23.34-11.01-22.76-14.47-32.76-28.02-32.76-43.9v-74.54h112.2v74.54z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Andorra +376</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path d="M0 171h513v171H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v171H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M197.01 139.81c-9.32 12.37-9 27.81 3.37 37.12 0 0 162.62 122.13 164.64 123.93 2.02 1.8 6.3 2.38 11-3.27 4.46-5.36 3.31-9.78 1.04-11.63S197.01 139.81 197.01 139.81zM264.42 79.12l11.72 24.03 26.45 3.96-19.23 18.58 4.4 26.38-23.61-12.55-23.73 12.33 4.64-26.33L226 106.77l26.47-3.73z"></path><path d="M268.67 39.2l-3.2 22.04c51.81 3.9 92.64 47.18 92.64 99.99 0 55.38-44.9 100.28-100.28 100.28-40.82 0-75.94-24.39-91.59-59.4l-18.4 13.11c19.96 40.59 61.71 68.52 110 68.52 67.66 0 122.51-54.85 122.51-122.51-.01-64.01-49.1-116.54-111.68-122.03z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Angola +244</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M454.8 265.38c7.94-10.93 13.24-24.27 13.24-40.42V104.89a59.754 59.754 0 01-36.02 12.01c-19.64 0-37.07-9.43-48.03-24.01-10.95 14.58-28.39 24.01-48.03 24.01-13.52 0-25.99-4.47-36.02-12v120.06c0 16.16 5.3 29.5 13.24 40.42H454.8z"></path><path fill="#8DCCFF" d="M310.23 260.98C332.65 296.96 384 309 384 309s51.35-12.04 73.77-48.02H310.23z"></path><path fill="#D87B00" d="M396.66 172.21c.32 1.42 8.72 10.17 17.56 20.15 1.39 1.57-8.74 12.63-6.91 12.59 4.75-.12 19.27-17.26 19.34 6.65.05 15.94-30 27.51-30 27.51h17.47l.65 14.96s4.97-13.34 7.59-16.57c8.1-9.97 20.18-30.07 34.59-27.1 14.41 2.97-13.66-13.92-13.66-13.92s-5.2-15.19-16.63-16.97c-10.06-1.57-14.29-2.51-26.64-7.3-1.68-.65-3.88-2.32-3.36 0z"></path><path fill="#D87B00" d="M359.69 198.69c1.07-.99 4.46-12.63 8.69-25.28.67-1.99 15.31 1.27 14.35-.3-2.47-4.06-24.58-8.08-3.9-20.08 13.79-8 38.82 12.27 38.82 12.27l-8.72-15.14 12.64-8.03s-14.05 2.35-18.14 1.69c-12.68-2.04-36.13-2.48-40.75-16.45-4.62-13.97-5.25 18.79-5.25 18.79s-10.56 12.08-6.4 22.88c3.66 9.5 4.96 13.64 6.97 26.73.29 1.79-.06 4.53 1.69 2.92z"></path><path fill="#D87B00" d="M395.67 219.87c-1.39-.43-13.16 2.49-26.22 5.18-2.06.42-6.59-13.88-7.47-12.26-2.27 4.17 5.36 25.31-15.41 13.45-13.84-7.91-8.89-39.73-8.89-39.73l-8.71 15.14-13.29-6.9s9.09 10.96 10.57 14.84c4.6 11.99 16 32.49 6.24 43.49-9.76 11.01 18.88-4.9 18.88-4.9s15.76 3.07 23-5.96c6.38-7.94 9.3-11.14 19.61-19.45 1.43-1.12 3.97-2.19 1.69-2.9z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256.5 0h-23.1L160 48.9V0H96v48.9L22.6 0H0v22.7l46.1 30.7H0v64h46.1L0 148.1V171h22.6L96 121.8V171h64v-49.2l73.4 49.2h23.1v-22.9l-46.6-30.7h46.6v-64h-46.6l46.6-30.7z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112V171h32v-69.6h112.5v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 171v-11.3l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 171zM7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256.5.1v11l-63 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 171l-77.8-53.6h22.6l63 42.3V171z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Anguilla +1264</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 744 496"><path fill="#3A7DCE" d="M0 0h744v496H0V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M120 125l90 63 54-14 23-81 61-36 92 14 105 55 6 90 34 12v92l-65 115-78 24-72-17 18-30-8-32-10 9-162-25-49-85 20-46-49-62z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Antarctica +672</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#186DD2" d="M88.8 136.5c-2.2 12.9-3.4 26.2-3.4 39.8 0 13.6 1.2 27 3.4 39.8L256 228.3l167.2-12.1c2.2-12.9 3.4-26.2 3.4-39.8s-1.2-27-3.4-39.8"></path><path fill="white" d="M423.2 219H88.8c15.8 69.8 84.7 122.3 167.2 122.3S407.4 288.8 423.2 219z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M365.9 136.5H146.1l44.9-21.1-23.9-43.5 48.8 9.4L222 32l34 36.2L290 32l6.1 49.3 48.8-9.4-23.9 43.5z"></path><g fill="#C32500"><path d="M256.5 342L0 0v342z"></path><path d="M513 342V0L256 342z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Antigua and Barbuda +1268</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v342H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v114H0zM0 228h512v114H0z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" stroke="#d6ab00" stroke-width="5" cx="256.5" cy="171" r="40"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Argentina +54</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Armenia +374</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 363 242"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h363v242H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M57 96.9L14.7 78.2 57 59.6l18.6-42.2 18.6 42.2 42.3 18.6-42.3 18.7-18.6 42.2z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M75.6 40.6l11.5 26.1 26.1 11.5-26.1 11.5-11.5 26.1-11.5-26.1L38 78.2l26.1-11.5z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M0 152.2h363v15.7H0zM0 183.6h363v15.7H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Aruba +297</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M440.1 181.1c-.1 39.2-6.4 81.4-57.4 101.5-51.1-20.1-57.3-62.3-57.4-101.5h114.8z"></path><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M439.6 197.7c-2.8 34.9-12.4 67.4-57 85-44.4-17.6-54.5-51.2-56.9-84.9"></path><path fill="white" d="M437.8 214.1c-3.2 24.3-16.7 53.5-55.1 68.6-38.4-15.1-50.5-42.5-55.1-68.4"></path><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M434.2 230.3c-5.7 17.7-19.3 39.4-51.3 52.8-32-12.6-45.2-33.8-51.4-53"></path><path fill="white" d="M426.7 246.9c-6.5 11.3-17.7 25.4-44 35.9-27.5-11.5-37.4-25.3-44-36.1"></path><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M412.4 265.1c-8.1 7.2-12 11.2-29.6 17.9-20.1-7.9-22.6-11.6-29.2-17.5"></path><path fill="#5CC85C" d="M383.3 231.6c-.2-.2-27.9 35.7-27.9 35.7-1.8-1.3-10-9.5-13.3-15l41.3-50.1 40.2 49.7c-3.9 6.5-11.4 13.6-13.2 15M382.6 85.3l-26.5 45h53z"></path><ellipse transform="rotate(-82.3 291.431 225.686)" fill="#F7A226" cx="291.4" cy="225.7" rx="48.7" ry="15.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-68.099 303.087 164.67)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="303.1" cy="164.7" rx="11.7" ry="7.2"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-81.738 291.697 271.697)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="291.7" cy="271.7" rx="11.4" ry="3.3"></ellipse><ellipse transform="matrix(.9986 -.05353 .05353 .9986 -13.992 16.424)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="299.6" cy="269.4" rx="3.3" ry="11"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-21.518 314.54 201.06)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="314.5" cy="201.1" rx="4.1" ry="13.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-21.518 317.511 178.077)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="317.5" cy="178.1" rx="13.7" ry="4.1"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-7.7 473.781 225.857)" fill="#F7A226" cx="473.6" cy="225.9" rx="15.7" ry="48.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-21.901 462.057 164.866)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="462" cy="164.9" rx="7.2" ry="11.7"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-8.27 473.27 271.908)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="473.4" cy="271.9" rx="3.3" ry="11.4"></ellipse><ellipse transform="matrix(.05353 -.9986 .9986 .05353 171.34 719.998)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="465.5" cy="269.6" rx="11" ry="3.3"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-68.482 450.552 201.247)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="450.6" cy="201.2" rx="13.7" ry="4.1"></ellipse><ellipse transform="rotate(-68.482 447.58 178.265)" fill="#DDC7AB" cx="447.6" cy="178.3" rx="4.1" ry="13.7"></ellipse><path fill="#B0C6CC" d="M373.3 130.3L356.1 155l17.8 26.1H396l4.7-25.4-5.4-25.4z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v117.4h-46.1l46.1 30.7v22.6h-22.6L160 121.8v48.9H96v-48.9l-73.4 48.9H0v-22.6l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.7V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 170.7v-11l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 170.7z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256 .1v11l-62.5 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 170.7l-77.8-53.3h22.6l62.5 42.3v11z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ascension Island +247</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 114h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v114H0zM0 228h513v114H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Austria +43</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M265.6 212.6c-23 0-41.6-18.6-41.6-41.6s18.6-41.6 41.6-41.6c7.2 0 13.9 1.8 19.8 5-9.2-9-21.9-14.6-35.8-14.6-28.3 0-51.2 22.9-51.2 51.2s22.9 51.2 51.2 51.2c13.9 0 26.6-5.6 35.8-14.6-5.9 3.2-12.6 5-19.8 5z"></path><path d="M297.6 142.2l5.5 15.5 14.9-7.1-7.1 14.9 15.5 5.5-15.5 5.5 7.1 14.9-14.9-7.1-5.5 15.5-5.5-15.5-14.9 7.1 7.1-14.9-15.5-5.5 15.5-5.5-7.1-14.9 14.9 7.1z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Azerbaijan +994</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bahamas +1242</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M2.216 86.076H512v339.848H2.216z"></path><path fill="white" d="M209.455 154.969l-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.266 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.268 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.268-36.45 18.33H0V86.07h172.939l36.516 18.364-50.236 25.267z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bahrain +973</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#F40B32" cx="218.902" cy="255.994" r="115"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bangladesh +880</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v341.34H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 0h170.66v341.34H0zM341.34 0H512v341.34H341.34z"></path></g><path d="M325.74 101.02l-31.97 12.4c-.68 1.35-5.79 7.54-8.18 53.06h-17.05v-60.42L256 78.68l-12.54 27v60.8H226.4c-2.39-45.53-7.8-52.48-8.47-53.84l-31.68-11.63c.15.31 15.4 31.34 15.4 78.01v12.54h41.81v71.07h25.08v-71.07h41.81v-12.54c0-24.13 4.17-44.02 7.68-56.46 3.82-13.57 7.7-21.49 7.74-21.57l-.03.03z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Barbados +1246</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#75AF2B" d="M.6.2H512v341H.6z"></path><path fill="#D32424" d="M0 230h512V.2H0"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.1 230V.2H0v340.9h511.4-411.3z"></path><path fill="#D32424" d="M51.6 218l-38-47.7 38-46.9 38 46.9zM51.6 113.4l-38-47.7 38-46.9 38 46.9zM51.6 322.6l-38-47.7 38-46.9 38 46.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Belarus +375</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Belgium +32</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="260.9" cy="170.9" r="118.9"></circle><circle fill="none" stroke="#6DA544" stroke-width="18" stroke-miterlimit="10" cx="261.9" cy="173.1" r="94.5"></circle><g stroke="black"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M261.9 151.5l-50.6 23.4v20c0 11.8 6.1 22.8 16.2 28.9L262 239l34.5-15.2c10-6.2 16.2-17.1 16.2-28.9v-20l-50.8-23.4z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M211.3 128.1h101.3v46.7H211.3z"></path></g><g fill="#BC0029"><path d="M0 0h512v35H0zM0 306h512v35H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Belize +501</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M196.641 85.337H512V256H196.641z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M196.641 256H512v170.663H196.641z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Benin +229</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.34H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 .1h256v170.6H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0h-22.6L160 48.9V0H96v48.9L22.6 0H0v22.7l46.1 30.7H0v64h46.1L0 148.1v22.6h22.6L96 121.8v48.9h64v-48.9l73.4 48.9H256v-22.6l-46.1-30.7H256v-64h-46.1L256 22.7z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 170.7v-11l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 170.7zM7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256 .1v11l-62.5 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 170.7l-77.8-53.3h22.6l62.5 42.3v11z"></path><g transform="translate(13 5)"><path fill="white" d="M303.9 94.94v99.69c0 59.81 79.75 99.69 79.75 99.69s79.75-39.88 79.75-99.69V94.94H303.9z"></path><path fill="#2F8F22" d="M436.37 254.44H330.93c23.13 25.08 52.72 39.88 52.72 39.88s29.59-14.8 52.72-39.88z"></path><circle fill="#65B5D2" cx="383.65" cy="214.56" r="39.88"></circle><circle fill="#D80027" cx="343.77" cy="194.63" r="19.94"></circle><circle fill="#D80027" cx="423.52" cy="194.63" r="19.94"></circle><circle fill="#D80027" cx="383.65" cy="154.75" r="19.94"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bermuda +1441</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#FF7415" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 0H0v341.3"></path><path fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="42" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M128.7 255.5s35 54 67.3 32.4c56.9-37.9-68.9-108.6-2.9-152.6 58.3-38.8 76.6 103.5 137.6 62.8 59-39.3-64.7-111.4-9.2-148.4 33.4-22.2 67.1 32.6 67.1 32.6"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bhutan +975</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bolivia +591</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M99.905 85.329h341.333v341.334"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M36.561 100.645l14.843-10.807 14.867 10.794-4.979-15.302H41.525z"></path><path d="M88.332 103.632L82.649 86.16l-5.672 17.472-18.365.012 14.867 10.796-5.661 17.461 14.843-10.806 14.866 10.795-5.684-17.474 14.854-10.795z"></path><path d="M119.59 134.89l-5.684-17.474-5.673 17.474-18.365.011 14.867 10.795-5.661 17.462 14.844-10.807 14.866 10.796-5.685-17.474 14.856-10.794z"></path><path d="M150.846 166.146l-5.683-17.473-5.673 17.473-18.364.011 14.866 10.796-5.661 17.461 14.843-10.806 14.866 10.795-5.683-17.474 14.855-10.794z"></path><path d="M182.103 197.403l-5.683-17.474-5.672 17.474-18.366.011 14.866 10.795-5.66 17.462 14.843-10.807 14.866 10.796-5.684-17.473 14.855-10.795z"></path><path d="M213.359 228.659l-5.683-17.472-5.672 17.472-18.365.012 14.866 10.795-5.66 17.462 14.842-10.806 14.866 10.794-5.683-17.473 14.855-10.795z"></path><path d="M244.616 259.916l-5.683-17.473-5.672 17.473-18.366.012 14.867 10.795-5.661 17.462 14.844-10.807 14.866 10.794-5.685-17.472 14.855-10.794z"></path><path d="M275.872 291.173L270.19 273.7l-5.673 17.473-18.365.011 14.867 10.796-5.661 17.461 14.843-10.806 14.866 10.795-5.683-17.474 14.853-10.794z"></path><path d="M307.13 322.43l-5.683-17.474-5.674 17.474-18.364.011 14.866 10.795-5.661 17.462 14.844-10.807 14.866 10.796-5.684-17.474 14.855-10.794z"></path><path d="M338.386 353.686l-5.683-17.472-5.672 17.472-18.365.012 14.866 10.795-5.661 17.462 14.843-10.807 14.866 10.795-5.683-17.472 14.855-10.796z"></path><path d="M369.643 384.943l-5.683-17.473-5.672 17.473-18.366.012 14.866 10.794-5.66 17.463 14.843-10.807 14.866 10.795-5.684-17.473 14.855-10.795z"></path><path d="M395.216 398.727l-5.672 17.472-18.365.012 14.394 10.453h19.278l14.414-10.476-18.366.011z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bosnia and Herzegovina +387</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0zM0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path></g><path d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Botswana +267</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 19.3l205.4 151.4L256 322 50.6 170.7z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="86.5"></circle><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M212.8 165.3c-15 0-29.5 2.3-43.2 6.5.6 47.2 39.1 85.3 86.4 85.3 29.3 0 55.2-14.6 70.8-36.9-26.7-33.4-67.9-54.9-114-54.9zM340.9 187.2c1-5.4 1.6-10.9 1.6-16.6 0-47.8-38.7-86.5-86.5-86.5-35.6 0-66.2 21.6-79.5 52.3 11.7-2.4 23.8-3.7 36.2-3.7 50.3.1 95.7 21 128.2 54.5z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Brazil +55</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0-.3h513V342H0V-.3z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M462.9 198.1c-4 0-14-5-21-9-11-6-21-12-31.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-16 9-20 9s-14-5-20-9c-11-6-22-12-32.1-12-9 0-20 6-31.1 12-7 4-16 9-20 9s-13-5-20-9c-11-6-22-12-31.1-12-10 0-21 6-32.1 12-6 4-16 9-20 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9s-13-5-20-9c-10-6-20-11-30.1-12v22zm462.9 55.2c-4 0-14-5-21-9-11-6-21-12-31.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-16 9-20 9s-14-5-20-9c-11-6-22-12-32.1-12-9 0-20 6-31.1 12-7 4-16 9-20 9s-13-5-20-9c-11-6-22-12-31.1-12-10 0-21 6-32.1 12-6 4-16 9-20 9s-13-5-20-9c-11-6-21-12-31.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-17 9-21 9s-13-5-20-9c-10-6-20-12-30.1-12v22l19 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s21-6 32.1-12c6-4 16-9 20-9s13 5 20 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 17-9 21-9s13 5 20 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 16-9 20-9s14 5 21 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 16-9 20-9s14 5 20 9c11 6 22 12 32.1 12s20-6 31.1-12l19-9v-22c-10 0-20 6-30.1 12-7 3.9-16 9-20 9zm50.1 34c-10 1-20 6-30.1 12-7 4-16 10-20 10s-14-6-21-10c-11-6-21-12-31.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-16 10-20 10s-14-6-20-10c-11-6-22-12-32.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-16 10-20 10s-13-6-20-10c-11-6-22-12-31.1-12s-21 6-32.1 12c-6 4-16 10-20 10s-13-6-20-10c-11-6-21-12-31.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-17 10-21 10s-13-6-20-10c-10-6-20-11-30.1-12v23c4 1 13 5 19 9 11 6 21 12 31.1 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6-31.1 12c-7 4-16 10-20 10s-13-6-20-10c-11-6-22-12-31.1-12s-21 6-32.1 12c-6 4-16 10-20 10s-13-6-20-10c-11-6-21-12-31.1-12s-20 6-31.1 12c-7 4-17 10-21 10s-13-6-20-10c-10-6-20-11-30.1-12v23c4 0 13 5 19 9 11 6 21 12 31.1 12s21-6 32.1-12c6-4 16-9 20-9s13 5 20 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 17-9 21-9s13 5 20 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 16-9 20-9s14 5 21 9c11 6 21 12 31.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c7-4 16-9 20-9s14 5 20 9c11 6 22 12 32.1 12s20-6 31.1-12c6-4 15-9 19-9v-23z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0-.3h256v171H0V-.3z"></path><path d="M389.8 119.9H408v78.8h-18.3l.1-78.8zm0 117.8H408v75.1h-18.3l.1-75.1z" fill="#A2001D"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144-.3h-32v70H0v32h112v69h32v-69h112v-32H144v-70z"></path><path d="M0-.3v15l57 39h23L0-.3zM256-.3v15l-57 39h-23l80-54z"></path><path d="M0-.3v15l57 39h23L0-.3zM256-.3v15l-57 39h-23l80-54zM0 170.7v-15l57-38h23l-80 53zM256 170.7v-15l-57-38h-23l80 53z"></path></g><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 22.7v31h46l-46-31zm96-23v49L23-.3h73zM256 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249.1h-79.8s-.9-13.4-6-21.8c-6.2-10.4-13.9-28.1-1.4-36.7 15.9-10.9 33.7.8 48.2.8 11.8.1 26.9-14 45-.8 12.2 8.9 3.9 28.2-1.3 36.7-7 11.5-4.7 21.8-4.7 21.8z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">British Indian Ocean Territory +246</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v341.33H0z"></path><path d="M0 193.74l512 127.19V214.26L0 97.08z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 234.26v-86.67L0 20.41v86.67"></path><g fill="#D80027" stroke="#231F20" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M306.4 134.01a50.28 50.28 0 016.07 24.02c0 21.55-13.51 39.94-32.52 47.19v-59.51c5.7-1.19 10-6.37 10-12.59 6.9 0 12.5-5.75 12.5-12.85h-.42c6.9 0 12.91-5.75 12.91-12.85h-34.99V76.58l-14.99-27.71-15 27.71v30.84h-34.99c0 7.1 6.01 12.85 12.91 12.85h-.42c0 7.1 5.6 12.85 12.5 12.85 0 6.22 4.29 11.4 9.99 12.59v61.37c-22.09-5.39-38.48-25.3-38.48-49.05 0-8.7 2.2-16.88 6.07-24.02-10.96 11.21-17.72 26.53-17.72 43.44 0 34.32 27.82 62.15 62.15 62.15s62.15-27.83 62.15-62.15c0-16.91-6.77-32.24-17.72-43.44z"></path><path d="M198.46 226.81s20.69 27.71 66.5 27.71 66.5-27.71 66.5-27.71l13.47 28.37s-21.03 27.71-79.97 27.71-79.97-27.71-79.97-27.71l13.47-28.37zM129.24 133.18h20.88l24.93 27.26v73.45h-26.28v-68.37zM400 133.18h-20.88l-24.93 27.26v73.45h26.27v-68.37z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Brunei Darussalam +673</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Bulgaria +359</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v170.7H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 66.9l25.8 79.3h83.3l-67.4 49 25.7 79.3-67.4-49-67.4 49 25.7-79.3-67.4-49h83.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Burkina Faso +226</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M215.9 170.7L0 314.6V26.8zM512 26.8v287.8L296.1 170.7z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M512 26.8L296.1 170.7 512 314.6v26.7h-40.1L256 197.4 40.1 341.3H0v-26.7l215.9-143.9L0 26.8V0h40.1L256 143.9 471.9 0H512z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 26.8L296.1 170.7 512 314.6v26.7h-40.1L256 197.4 40.1 341.3H0v-26.7l215.9-143.9L0 26.8V0h40.1L256 143.9 471.9 0H512z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="251.6" cy="170.7" r="100.2"></circle><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M251.6 93.3l10.1 17.5h20.2l-10.1 17.5 10.1 17.5h-20.2l-10.1 17.5-10.1-17.5h-20.2l10.1-17.5-10.1-17.5h20.2zM210.3 163.4l10.1 17.5h20.3l-10.1 17.5 10.1 17.5h-20.3l-10.1 17.5-10.1-17.5H180l10.1-17.5-10.1-17.5h20.2zM292.8 163.4l10.1 17.5h20.2L313 198.4l10.1 17.5h-20.2l-10.1 17.5-10.1-17.5h-20.2l10.1-17.5-10.1-17.5h20.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Burundi +257</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M303.49 281.971v-17.809h-11.873v-23.745l-11.872-11.872-11.872 11.872v-23.744L256 204.8l-11.873 11.873v23.744l-11.872-11.872-11.872 11.872v23.745H208.51v17.809h-11.872v17.808h118.724v-17.808z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cambodia +855</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 0h170.7v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M341.3 0H512v341.3H341.3zM256 102.2l17.2 53H329L283.9 188l17.2 53-45.1-32.7-45.1 32.7 17.2-53-45.1-32.8h55.8z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cameroon +237</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 182.2h512v41.4H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 140.8h512v41.4H0zM0 223.6h512V265H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M150.4 70l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13.1 6.9 21.1-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.1-17.9-13.1h22.2zM150.4 279.7l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.2-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.2-17.9-13h22.2zM52.8 208.8l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.2-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.2-17.9-13H46zM90.1 91l6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.2-18-13.1-17.9 13.1 6.8-21.2-18-13h22.3zM23.8 162H46l6.8-21.1 6.9 21.1h22.2l-18 13.1 6.9 21.1-18-13-17.9 13 6.8-21.1zM72.2 310.9l6.8-21.1-18-13h22.3l6.8-21.2 6.9 21.2h22.2l-18 13 6.9 21.1-18-13zM248 208.8l-6.9 21.1h-22.2l18 13-6.9 21.2 18-13.1 18 13.1-6.9-21.2 18-13h-22.2zM210.7 91l-6.8 21.1h-22.2l17.9 13-6.8 21.2 17.9-13.1 18 13.1-6.9-21.2 18-13h-22.2zM277.1 162h-22.2l-6.9-21.1-6.9 21.1h-22.2l18 13.1-6.9 21.1 18-13 18 13-6.9-21.1zM228.7 310.9l-6.9-21.1 18-13h-22.2l-6.9-21.2-6.8 21.2h-22.2l17.9 13-6.8 21.1 17.9-13z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cape Verde +238</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#6DA544" cx="384" cy="181.79" r="29.682"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M332.054 174.377h103.88v44.522h-103.88z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M435.942 255.997v-.001.001z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M332.058 285.678v29.682h15.616c9.364 9.176 22.18 14.84 36.326 14.84 14.147 0 26.962-5.664 36.326-14.84h15.616v-29.682H332.058z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M332.058 211.475v44.522c0 39.759 51.942 51.942 51.942 51.942s51.942-12.182 51.942-51.942v-44.522H332.058z"></path><g fill="#F3F3F3"><path d="M383.997 235.256c-12.985 0-12.985 11.873-25.97 11.873s-12.985-11.873-25.97-11.873v20.777c12.985 0 12.985 11.873 25.97 11.873s12.985-11.873 25.97-11.873c12.986 0 12.986 11.873 25.973 11.873 12.986 0 12.986-11.873 25.973-11.873v-20.777c-12.986 0-12.986 11.873-25.973 11.873-12.986-.001-12.986-11.873-25.973-11.873zM383.997 193.666c-12.985 0-12.985 11.873-25.97 11.873s-12.985-11.873-25.97-11.873v20.777c12.985 0 12.985 11.873 25.97 11.873s12.985-11.873 25.97-11.873c12.986 0 12.986 11.873 25.973 11.873 12.986 0 12.986-11.873 25.973-11.873v-20.777c-12.986 0-12.986 11.873-25.973 11.873-12.986 0-12.986-11.873-25.973-11.873z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M256 85.334v22.617l-46.069 30.709H256v64h-46.069L256 233.38v22.617h-22.628L160 207.078v48.919H96v-48.919l-73.372 48.919H0V233.38l46.069-30.72H0v-64h46.069L0 107.951V85.334h22.628L96 134.241V85.334h64v48.907l73.372-48.907z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.329h-32v69.334H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.082l57.377 38.252H80zM256 85.329v15.082l-57.377 38.252H176z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.082l57.377 38.252H80zM256 85.329v15.082l-57.377 38.252H176zM0 255.997v-15.082l57.377-38.252H80zM256 255.997v-15.082l-57.377-38.252H176z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cayman Islands +1345</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 170.7h211.5V256H0zM300.5 170.7H512V256H300.5z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0v85.3h211.5V0h89v85.3H512V0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M300.5 85.3H512v85.3H300.5zM0 85.3h211.5v85.3H0z"></path></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M300.5 341.3h-89V256H0v85.3h512V256H300.5zM105.7 8.6l8.6 26.2h27.5L119.5 51l8.6 26.2L105.7 61 83.4 77.2 91.9 51 69.6 34.8h27.6z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Central African Republic +236</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Chad +235</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.337h256V256H256z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h256V256H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M128 109.801l15.108 46.498H192l-39.554 28.739 15.108 46.498L128 202.799l-39.554 28.737 15.108-46.498L64 156.299h48.892z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Chile +56</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M352.3 312.6L328 294.9l-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.6-24.3-17.7h30.1l9.3-28.6 9.3 28.6h30.1L343 284zM415.9 120.9l-24.4 17.7 9.3 28.6-24.3-17.7-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.6-24.3-17.7h30.1l9.3-28.6 9.3 28.6zM367.4 57.4L343 75l9.3 28.7L328 86l-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.7-24.3-17.6h30.1l9.3-28.7 9.3 28.7zM415.9 204.4L391.5 222l9.3 28.7-24.3-17.7-24.4 17.7 9.3-28.7-24.3-17.6h30.1l9.3-28.7 9.3 28.7z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M167.6 64.4l26 80.3h84.5l-68.3 49.6 26.1 80.4-68.3-49.7-68.4 49.7 26.1-80.4L57 144.7h84.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">China +86</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M77.6 272l5.7 11.9 12.8-3-5.7 11.9 10.3 8.1-12.8 2.9V317l-10.3-8.3-10.2 8.3v-13.2l-12.8-2.9 10.3-8.1-5.8-11.9 12.9 3zM40.5 173.1l5.7 11.9 12.8-3-5.7 11.8 10.3 8.2-12.9 2.9.1 13.2-10.3-8.3-10.3 8.3.1-13.2-12.9-2.9 10.4-8.2L22 182l12.8 3zM77.6 92.2l5.7 11.8 12.8-2.9-5.7 11.8 10.3 8.2-12.8 2.9v13.1l-10.3-8.2-10.2 8.2V124l-12.8-2.9 10.3-8.2-5.8-11.8L72 104zM123.7 155.1l5.7 11.9 12.8-3-5.7 11.9 10.3 8.1-12.8 2.9v13.2l-10.3-8.2-10.2 8.2v-13.2l-12.8-2.9 10.3-8.1-5.7-11.9 12.8 3zM90.8 209.1l4.4 13.7h14.5L98 231.3l4.5 13.7-11.7-8.4-11.7 8.4 4.5-13.7-11.7-8.5h14.4z"></path></g><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="267.1" cy="170.7" r="74.5"></circle><path fill="#6DA544" d="M267.1 220.3h24.8s10.8-19 0-37.2l24.8-24.8-12.4-24.8h-12.4s-6.2 18.6-31 18.6-31-18.6-31-18.6h-12.4l12.4 24.8-12.4 24.8 12.4 12.4s12.4-24.8 37.2-12.4c0 0 10.5 15.5 0 37.2z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M464.4 92.2c.6-2.9-.2-17.6-.2-20.7 0-21.3-13.9-39.4-33.2-45.7 5.9 12 9.2 25.4 9.2 39.7 0 4.8-.4 9.5-1.1 14.1-2.9-4.7-6.6-8.9-11.2-12.6-17.1-13.6-40.6-14-57.9-2.5 13.4 2.9 26.3 8.9 37.7 18 9 7.1 16.2 16.8 21.7 26.1 0 0-17.8 10.9-31 15.1s-42.3 7.9-42.3 7.9c72 12 132-36 132-36-6.5-13.4-15.8-4-23.7-3.4z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Christmas Island +61</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M422.7 252.4l6.2 12.8 13.8-3.2-6.2 12.8 11.2 8.8-13.9 3.2V301l-11.1-8.9-11.1 8.9v-14.2l-13.8-3.2 11.1-8.8-6.2-12.8 13.9 3.2zM376.1 116.1l6.2 12.9 13.8-3.2-6.2 12.8 11.2 8.8-13.9 3.1v14.3l-11.1-8.9-11.1 8.9.1-14.3-13.9-3.1 11.1-8.8-6.2-12.8L370 129zM413.1 38.3l6.2 12.8 13.8-3.2-6.2 12.8 11.2 8.9-13.9 3.1v14.2L413.1 78 402 86.9l.1-14.2-13.9-3.1 11.1-8.9-6.2-12.8 13.9 3.2zM464.9 96.7l6.2 12.8 13.9-3.2-6.3 12.8 11.2 8.9-13.9 3.1.1 14.2-11.2-8.9-11.1 8.9.1-14.2L440 128l11.2-8.9-6.3-12.8 13.9 3.2zM436.9 164.8l4.9 14.8h15.6l-12.6 9.2 4.8 14.9-12.7-9.2-12.6 9.2 4.8-14.9-12.6-9.2h15.6z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M306.8 254.7c-49.2 0-89.1-39.9-89.1-89.1s39.9-89.1 89.1-89.1c15.3 0 29.8 3.9 42.4 10.7C329.4 67.9 302.3 56 272.5 56c-60.5 0-109.6 49.1-109.6 109.6S212 275.3 272.5 275.3c29.8 0 56.9-11.9 76.6-31.3-12.6 6.8-27 10.7-42.3 10.7zM140.4 59.5C129.7 41 109.7 28.6 86.8 28.6S44 41 33.3 59.5h107.1zM140.6 59.9l-53.8 53.8-53.7-53.8C28 68.9 25 79.3 25 90.5c0 34.2 27.7 61.9 61.9 61.9s61.9-27.7 61.9-61.9c-.1-11.2-3.1-21.6-8.2-30.6z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M71.4 98.2v52.2c4.9 1.3 10.1 1.9 15.5 1.9s10.5-.7 15.5-1.9V98.2h-31z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cocos (Keeling) Islands +61</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 343.096h512v83.567H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 256h512v87.096H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Colombia +57</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 170.663h512V256H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 256h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M68.638 256c0-24.865 17.476-45.638 40.812-50.734a52.059 52.059 0 00-11.13-1.208c-28.688 0-51.942 23.255-51.942 51.942s23.255 51.942 51.942 51.942c3.822 0 7.543-.425 11.13-1.208-23.337-5.096-40.812-25.869-40.812-50.734z"></path><path d="M108.877 211.478l2.762 8.503h8.94l-7.232 5.256 2.762 8.502-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.502-7.234-5.256h8.94zM108.877 233.739l2.762 8.503h8.94l-7.232 5.255 2.762 8.503-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.503-7.234-5.255h8.94zM108.877 256l2.762 8.503h8.94l-7.232 5.255 2.762 8.503-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.503-7.234-5.255h8.94zM108.877 278.261l2.762 8.502h8.94l-7.232 5.256 2.762 8.503-7.232-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.764-8.503-7.234-5.256h8.94z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Comoros +269</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M443.726 85.331L102.4 426.657H0V85.331z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M500.124 85.331L158.798 426.657H11.876L353.202 85.331z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Congo +242</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.332h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M384 156.705l5.283 16.254h17.089l-13.826 10.045 5.281 16.254L384 189.211l-13.825 10.047 5.28-16.254-13.825-10.045h17.089zM313.791 185.786l15.228 7.758 12.084-12.083-2.673 16.879 15.227 7.759-16.879 2.673-2.674 16.88-7.76-15.227-16.878 2.673 12.086-12.084zM284.71 255.995l16.254-5.281.001-17.089 10.044 13.825 16.254-5.282-10.046 13.827 10.046 13.826-16.254-5.28-10.044 13.825v-17.09zM313.791 326.204l7.759-15.229-12.084-12.084 16.881 2.674 7.757-15.227 2.674 16.879 16.879 2.672-15.227 7.759 2.673 16.882-12.084-12.087zM384 355.284l-5.281-16.253h-17.091l13.827-10.045-5.28-16.254L384 322.776l13.827-10.044-5.281 16.254 13.826 10.045h-17.089zM454.209 326.204l-15.229-7.758-12.083 12.084 2.673-16.882-15.227-7.756 16.879-2.675 2.675-16.879 7.756 15.227 16.881-2.674-12.086 12.085zM483.29 255.995l-16.254 5.281v17.09l-10.045-13.826-16.254 5.281 10.046-13.826-10.046-13.827 16.254 5.282 10.045-13.825v17.089zM454.209 185.788l-7.757 15.226 12.082 12.084-16.881-2.673-7.756 15.227-2.675-16.88-16.879-2.675 15.227-7.757-2.673-16.878 12.084 12.082zM0 186.665v16h46.069L0 233.377v7.539l57.377-38.252H80L0 255.998h112v-69.334H0zm96 69.331H22.628L96 207.083v48.913zM176 138.665l80-53.334H144v69.334h112v-16h-46.069L256 107.951v-7.539l-57.377 38.251H176v.002zm-16-53.332h73.372L160 134.246V85.333zM144 255.998h112l-80-53.334h22.623L256 240.917v-7.539l-46.069-30.713H256v-16H144v69.333zm16-48.915l73.372 48.913H160v-48.913zM112 85.331H0l80 53.334H57.377L0 100.413v7.539l46.069 30.712H0v16h112V85.331zm-16 48.915L22.628 85.333H96v48.913z"></path></g><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.331h-32v69.334H0v32h112v69.333h32v-69.333h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M80 138.665L0 85.331v15.082l57.377 38.252zM176 138.665h22.623L256 100.413V85.331zM57.377 202.665L0 240.917v15.081l80-53.333zM176 202.665l80 53.333v-15.081l-57.377-38.252z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cook Islands +682</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 211.473h512v89.043H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 352.462h512v74.207H0zM0 85.331h512v74.207H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Costa Rica +506</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M330.207 85.331H512v341.337H330.207z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cote d'Ivoire +225</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M309.3 113.2v-44l17.5-14.4 17.7 14.4v44zM203.7 113.2v-44l-17.3-14.4-17.9 14.4v44zM238.9 113.2v-44l17.6-14.4 17.6 14.4v44z"></path></g><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M309.3 113.2h-35.2v-44l17.5-14.4 17.7 14.4zM238.9 113.2h-35.2v-44l17.5-14.4 17.7 14.4z"></path></g><path stroke="#D80027" fill="white" d="M168.5 113.2v101.9c0 24.3 14.4 46.2 35.4 59.4 21.3 13.4 42.1 14.7 52.6 14.7s31.4-1.7 52.6-14.8c21-13 35.4-35.1 35.4-59.3V113.2h-176z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M168.5 113.2h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM238.9 113.2h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM309.3 113.2h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM203.7 148.4h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM274.1 148.4h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM168.5 183.6h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM203.7 218.8h35.2V254h-35.2zM238.9 183.6h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM309.3 183.6h35.2v35.2h-35.2zM274.1 218.8h35.2V254h-35.2zM309.3 274.3c8.6-5.4 16.2-12.3 22-20.3h-22v20.3zM181.7 254c5.8 8 13.3 14.9 22 20.4V254h-22zM238.9 254v33.7c7.2 1.2 13.3 1.5 17.6 1.5 4.3 0 10.4-.3 17.6-1.6V254h-35.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Croatia +385</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0-40.8v422.9-211.4z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 0h512v68.3H0zM0 136.5h512v68.3H0zM0 273.1h512v68.3H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 170.7L0 341.3V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M81.5 94.8l16.9 51.9H153l-44.2 32.1 16.9 52-44.2-32.1-44.2 32.1 16.9-52L10 146.7h54.6z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cuba +53</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M371.5 275.9l-11.1-15c-22.4 16.1-67.7 35.8-104.3 35.8-35.8 0-79.6-17.1-104.3-35.8l-11.1 15c10 10.3 46.9 27 88.4 38.4-3.9 6-1.6 6.1 2.6 10.8 8.5-6.6 17.4-1.5 24.9-7.3 7.5 5.8 16.3.7 24.9 7.3 5.4-5.6 5.4-5.6 2.5-11.1 41-11.7 77-27.6 87.5-38.1z"></path><path fill="#DB7D00" d="M113.7 168.7s.2 79.9 89 77.8L208 263h10.6s-8.9-49 71.7-49.4c0 0 0-32.9 32.9-32.9h49.4S294 119 442.8 40.1l2.2-15.6s-154.8 84.6-237 68.1c0 0 12.7 50.7-12.9 50.7-12.8 0-11.6-9.6-38.4-9.6-22.3 0-20.6 23.5-31.3 23.2S103 142.3 102 144.8s11.7 23.9 11.7 23.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Cyprus +357</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 256v170.663H0L215.185 256z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 85.337V256H215.185L0 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Czech Republic +420</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 66.9V0H411.7L0 274.4v66.9h100.3z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 0v40.1L60.2 341.3H0v-40.1L451.8 0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M93.6 31.2l16.3 50.4H163l-42.9 31.2 16.4 50.5-42.9-31.2-43 31.2L67 112.8 24.1 81.6h53.1z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Democratic Republic of the Congo +243</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M190 0h-60v140H0v60h130v142h60V200h323v-60H190z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Denmark +45</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M512 0v166.7L0 170.8V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 170.7L0 341.3V0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M89.8 92.5l17 52.4H162l-44.6 32.5 17 52.4-44.6-32.4-44.6 32.4 17-52.4-44.6-32.5h55.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Djibouti +253</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path d="M0 110.7v120h512v-120z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 110.7h512v40H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 190.7h512v40H0z"></path><path d="M196 0h120v341.3H196z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M196 0h40v341.3h-40z"></path><path fill="white" d="M274.7 0h40v341.3h-40z"></path><circle fill="#D80027" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="123.1"></circle><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M256 58.6l4.6 14.2h15l-12.1 8.9 4.6 14.2-12.1-8.8-12.1 8.8 4.6-14.2-12.1-8.9h15zM190.1 80l12.2 8.8 12.1-8.8-4.6 14.3 12.1 8.8h-15l-4.6 14.2-4.7-14.2h-15l12.1-8.8zM149.4 136h15l4.6-14.2 4.7 14.2h15l-12.2 8.8 4.7 14.3-12.2-8.8-12.1 8.8 4.6-14.3zM149.4 205.3l12.1-8.8-4.6-14.3L169 191l12.2-8.8-4.7 14.3 12.2 8.8h-15l-4.7 14.3-4.6-14.3zM190.1 261.4l4.6-14.3-12.1-8.8h15l4.7-14.3 4.6 14.3h15l-12.1 8.8 4.6 14.3-12.1-8.9zM256 282.8l-4.6-14.3h-15l12.1-8.8-4.6-14.3 12.1 8.8 12.1-8.8-4.6 14.3 12.1 8.8h-15zM321.9 261.4l-12.2-8.9-12.1 8.9 4.6-14.3-12.1-8.8h15l4.6-14.3 4.7 14.3h15l-12.1 8.8zM362.6 205.3h-15l-4.6 14.3-4.7-14.3h-15l12.2-8.8-4.7-14.3L343 191l12.1-8.8-4.6 14.3zM362.6 136l-12.1 8.8 4.6 14.3-12.1-8.8-12.2 8.8 4.7-14.3-12.2-8.8h15l4.7-14.2 4.6 14.2zM321.9 80l-4.6 14.3 12.1 8.8h-15l-4.7 14.2-4.6-14.2h-15l12.1-8.8-4.6-14.3 12.1 8.8z"></path></g><path fill="#496E2D" d="M279.3 168.7c-11-21.1-14.5-25.1-14.5-25.1s.4-9.7.4-15.6c0-8.8-7.4-15.8-16.5-15.8-8.6 0-15.7 2.9-16.5 11-4.2.9-8.6 4.1-8.6 10.7 0 4.8 1 7.3 5.2 9.3 2.1-4.6 4.3-4.8 9.3-6.4.8.6 1.7 3 2.6 3.4l.3 1s-13.3 6.6-13.3 30.9c0 29.5 22 45.4 22 45.4l-1.8.3-1.9 7.1h22v-7.2l11 17.5c.3-.3 10.2-47.6.3-66.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Dominica +1767</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 215.2h211.5v126.1H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h211.5v126.2H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M300.5 0H512v126.2H300.5z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M300.5 215.2H512v126.1H300.5z"></path><g stroke="white" stroke-width="5" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 130h-49.9v49.4s19.5 6 49.9 6V130z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M206.1 179.4v6c0 27.5 22.3 49.9 49.9 49.9v-49.9c-30.4 0-49.9-6-49.9-6z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 235.3c27.5 0 49.9-22.3 49.9-49.9v-6s-19.5 6-49.9 6v49.9z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 130v55.4c30.4 0 49.9-6 49.9-6V130H256z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Dominican Republic +1849</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 170.7h512V256H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 256h512v85.3H0z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="59.4"></circle><path fill="#4C1F00" d="M369.2 79.9s-27.2-13.8-33.9-16c-6.7-2.2-49.1-13.2-49.1-7 0 10.3-13.5 12-15.5 12s-2-5.3-14.8-5.3-13.7 4.8-15.8 4.8c-2.2 0-14.5-1-14.5-11.5 0-5.2-42.9 4-49.1 7-6.1 3.1-33.9 16-33.9 16s45.8 2.7 53.9 6.2 43.8 16.5 43.8 16.5l-2.8 13.3h37.8l-3.8-13.3s35.1-12.7 43.8-16.5 53.9-6.2 53.9-6.2z"></path><path fill="#57BA17" d="M217.7 171.7c0 21.1 17.2 38.3 38.3 38.3 21.1 0 38.3-17.2 38.3-38.3v-11.5h-76.5v11.5z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M256 110.5c-21.1 0-38.3 17.2-38.3 38.3v11.5h76.5v-11.5c.1-21.1-17.1-38.3-38.2-38.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ecuador +593</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v113.8H0z"></path><path d="M0 227.6h512v113.8H0z"></path><path fill="#C09300" d="M220.3 204.4s0-58.4 4.5-64.7c3.1-4.3 16.8 5.2 22.7 4.5 0 0 4.2-7.5 4.5-12 .3-4.6-1.1-7.6-4.9-6.2 0 0-1.2-2.1.5-3.3 1.6-1.2 5.6.1 5.6.1s-.5-1 1.6-.9c2.9.2 7.2 1.4 7.4 5.6.2 3.1.3 7.7.4 8.7.7 6.8 2.7 8.7 2.7 8.7s18.4-9.2 22-5.2c3.3 3.8 4.5 64.7 4.5 64.7l-18.1-16.8 12.1 29.5s-14.4 2.4-28.9 2.4c-14.5 0-31.1-4.2-31.1-4.2l13.8-28.2-19.3 17.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Egypt +20</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M228.582 261.936L256 214.447l27.418 47.489z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M291.616 277.616L256 295.425l-35.616-17.809v-23.744h71.232z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M289.579 216.485l-12.592 12.592c5.37 5.372 8.693 12.791 8.693 20.988 0 16.392-13.289 29.68-29.68 29.68-16.392 0-29.68-13.289-29.68-29.68 0-8.195 3.322-15.616 8.693-20.988l-12.592-12.592c-8.594 8.594-13.91 20.466-13.91 33.579 0 26.228 21.261 47.489 47.489 47.489s47.489-21.261 47.489-47.489c0-13.114-5.316-24.987-13.91-33.579z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">El Salvador +503</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h513v113.8H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 227.6h513V342H0z"></path><path fill="#0070C8" d="M126 170.7L0 341.3V0z"></path><path fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M233.8 139.4v40.4c0 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6s35.6 0 35.6-35.6v-40.4h-71.2z"></path><path fill="#786145" d="M264.5 179.8h9.8l4 25.8h-17.8z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M287.2 162c0-9.8-8-14.8-17.8-14.8s-17.8 5-17.8 14.8c-4.9 0-8.9 4-8.9 8.9s4 8.9 8.9 8.9h35.6c4.9 0 8.9-4 8.9-8.9s-4-8.9-8.9-8.9z"></path><g fill="#FFDA00" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M230.7 120l1.9 3.3h3.8l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2h-3.8l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3H225l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8zM246 120l1.9 3.3h3.7l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2h-3.7l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.8l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8zM261.3 120l1.9 3.3h3.7l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2h-3.7l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.8l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8zM277.1 120l1.9 3.3h3.8l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2H279l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.7l1.8-3.2-1.8-3.3h3.7zM293.1 120l1.9 3.3h3.8l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2H295l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.7l1.8-3.2-1.8-3.3h3.7zM308.1 120l1.9 3.3h3.7l-1.9 3.3 1.9 3.2H310l-1.9 3.3-1.9-3.3h-3.8l1.9-3.2-1.9-3.3h3.8z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Equatorial Guinea +240</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#56AF35" d="M0 0h512v170.7H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 341.3l512-170.7L0 0v341.3z"></path><g fill="#ffc945"><path d="M134.7 231.5c33.6 0 60.8-27.2 60.8-60.8s-27.2-60.8-60.8-60.8-60.8 27.2-60.8 60.8 27.2 60.8 60.8 60.8zm0 24.3c-47 0-85.2-38.1-85.2-85.2s38.1-85.2 85.2-85.2 85.2 38.1 85.2 85.2-38.2 85.2-85.2 85.2z"></path><circle cx="119.5" cy="148.3" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="148.9" cy="158.5" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="134.7" cy="135.2" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="119.5" cy="172.7" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="149.9" cy="182.8" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="122.5" cy="198" r="17.5"></circle><circle cx="145.9" cy="205.2" r="17.5"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Eritrea +291</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#111" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#368FD8" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Estonia +372</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="#2B5DEA" d="M0 0h900v600H0V0z"></path><path fill="#FFDF29" d="M0 100h900v400H0V100z"></path><path fill="#D70000" d="M0 150h900v300H0V150z"></path><path fill="white" d="M450 171.4v257.2c114.3 0 171.4-85.7 214.3-128.6-42.9-42.9-100-128.6-214.3-128.6z"></path><path d="M450 171.4c-100 0-171.4 85.7-214.3 128.6C278.6 342.9 350 428.6 450 428.6V171.4z"></path><path fill="white" d="M346.3 254.3h21v91.3h-21zM398.2 254.3h21v91.3h-21z"></path><path d="M477.8 254.3h21v91.3h-21zM529.7 254.3h21v91.3h-21z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Eswatini +268</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22.5 15"><path fill="#20AA46" d="M0 0h22.5v5H0V0z"></path><path fill="#E92F3B" d="M0 10h22.5v5H0v-5z"></path><path fill="#FADF50" d="M0 5h22.5v5H0V5z"></path><circle fill="#205CCA" cx="11.3" cy="7.5" r="5.2"></circle><path fill="#FFDB3D" d="M11.2 9.2L8.8 11l.9-2.9-2.4-1.8h3l1-2.8 1 2.9h3l-2.4 1.8.9 2.9-2.6-1.9zm0-1l.9.6-.3-1.1.9-.7h-1.1l-.4-1.1-.4 1.1H9.7l.9.7-.3 1.1c0 .1.9-.6.9-.6z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ethiopia +251</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v30.6l-45.2 25.1H256V115h-59.1l59.1 32.8v22.9h-26.7l-73.5-40.9v40.9h-55.6v-48.6l-87.5 48.6H0v-30.6L45.2 115H0V55.7h59.1L0 22.8V0h26.7l73.5 40.8V0h55.6v48.6L243.3 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.3H0v32h112v69.4h32v-69.4h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.8 115L256 170.7v-15.8L184.2 115z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.8 115L256 170.7v-15.8L184.2 115z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.8 115L256 170.7v-15.8L184.2 115zM71.8 115L0 154.9v15.8L100.2 115z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.2 55.6L0 0v15.7l71.8 39.9z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.2 55.6L0 0v15.7l71.8 39.9z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.2 55.6L0 0v15.7l71.8 39.9zM184.2 55.6L256 15.7V0L155.8 55.6z"></path></g><path fill="#1F8BDE" d="M312.2 194.2v-90c0-8.5 6.5-15.3 15-15.3h120.5c8.3 0 15 6.8 15 15.3v90c0 75.2-75.2 105.3-75.2 105.3s-75.3-30.1-75.3-105.3z"></path><path fill="white" d="M312.2 194.2v-90c0-8.5 6.5-15.3 15-15.3h120.5c8.3 0 15 6.8 15 15.3v90c0 75.2-75.2 105.3-75.2 105.3s-75.3-30.1-75.3-105.3zm79.6 86.3c7.9-4.5 15.9-10 23.2-16.7 20.5-18.5 32.6-41.4 32.6-69.7v-90c0-.3-120.4-.3-120.4-.3v90.3c0 28.3 12.1 51.2 32.6 69.7 8.3 7.5 17.6 13.9 27.6 19 1.4-.6 2.8-1.4 4.4-2.3z"></path><path fill="#187536" d="M347.1 193.4c-2.6-7.9 1.7-14.3 10.1-14.3h60.5c8.2 0 12.8 6.3 10.1 14.3l-5.5 16.5c-2.6 7.9-8.9 9.2-15.8 4 0 0 2.6-4.8-19.1-4.8-21.7 0-19.1 4.8-19.1 4.8-6.1 5.7-13.1 4-15.8-4 .1.1-5.4-16.5-5.4-16.5z"></path><path fill="white" d="M357.4 179.1c8.1 1.6 17.8-15 30.1-15 13.1 0 21.8 17.1 30.1 15 7.4-1.8 15-22.2 15-30.1 0-16.6-20.2-30.1-45.1-30.1-24.9 0-45.1 13.5-45.1 30.1-.1 8.5 6.6 28.5 15 30.1zM356 270.7c6.2.4 12.5-1.8 17.2-6.5l9-9c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0l9 9c4.7 4.7 11 6.9 17.1 6.5 5.3-.3 32.5-33.5 25.7-32.6-4.6.6-9.1 2.8-12.7 6.3l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-8.7-8.8-22.9-8.8-31.7-.1l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-3.5-3.5-7.8-5.6-12.3-6.3-6.7-1.1 20.1 32.2 25.3 32.5zM322.1 210c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0l9 9c8.8 8.7 22.9 8.7 31.7 0l9-9c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0l9 9c8.8 8.7 22.9 8.7 31.7 0l9-9c2.9-2.9 7.5-2.9 10.4 0 0 0 5.5-14.8 2.5-15.9-7.9-2.9-17.2-1.2-23.5 5.2l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-8.7-8.8-22.9-8.8-31.7-.1l-.1.1-9 9c-2.9 2.9-7.5 2.9-10.4 0l-9-9c-6.2-6.2-15.1-8-22.8-5.5-3.1 1.1 1.9 16.1 1.9 16.1z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Falkland Islands (Malvinas) +500</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#0F61A5" d="M512 214.5H206.2v126.8H118.4V214.5H0v-87.7h118.4V0H206.2v126.8H512V192z"></path><path fill="#E50E3D" d="M512 149.3V192H183.7v149.3H141V192H0v-42.7h141V0h42.7v149.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Faroe Islands +298</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v22.6l-46.1 30.7H256v64h-46.1L256 148v22.7h-22.6l-73.4-49v49H96v-49l-73.4 49H0V148l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.6V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 0h-32v69.3H0v32h112v69.4h32v-69.4h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.2H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.2H176z"></path><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.2H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.2H176zM0 170.7v-15.1l57.4-38.3H80zM256 170.7v-15.1l-57.4-38.3H176z"></path></g><path fill="#F3F3F3" d="M307.1 127.1v92c0 61.6 80.5 80.5 80.5 80.5s80.4-19 80.4-80.6v-92l-80.5-23-80.4 23.1z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M468 132.8V98.3H307.1v34.5h69v69h-69v23h69V296c6.9 2.5 11.5 3.5 11.5 3.5s4.6-1.1 11.5-3.5v-71.2h69v-23h-69v-69H468z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Fiji +679</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M512 129.3V212H203.7v129.3H121V212H0v-82.7h121V0h82.7v129.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Finland +358</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">France +33</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 90 60"><path fill="#FDEB01" d="M0 0l90 60H0z"></path><path fill="#58A846" d="M90 0v60L0 0z"></path><path fill="#ED3D24" stroke="#A02021" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M54.1 35.3l14.7-10.7H50.6L45 7.3l-5.6 17.3H21.2l14.7 10.7-5.6 17.4L45 42l14.7 10.7z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">French Guiana +594</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M293.991 256c0 20.982-17.01 33.243-37.992 33.243S218.008 276.982 218.008 256s17.01-37.992 37.992-37.992 37.991 17.01 37.991 37.992z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M293.991 256c0 20.982-17.01 37.992-37.992 37.992s-37.992-17.01-37.992-37.992"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M232.259 246.506h9.498v19h-9.498zM270.247 246.506h9.498v19h-9.498zM251.247 232.259h9.498v33.243h-9.498z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">French Polynesia +689</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Gabon +241</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#1a7e25" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path fill="#cf0d19" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Gambia +220</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22.5 15"><path fill="white" d="M.8 0h21v15H.8V0z"></path><path fill="#eb000e" d="M9.8 6H0v3h9.8v6h3V9h9.8V6h-9.8V0h-3v6z"></path><path fill="#eb000e" d="M17.3 2.7l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2zm-12.7 0l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2zm0 9l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2zm12.7 0l-.2-1.2h1l-.2 1.2 1.2-.2v1l-1.2-.2.2 1.2h-1l.2-1.2-1.2.2v-1l1.2.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Georgia +995</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M255.883 199.111l14.119 43.458 40.366 3.2-36.969 26.861 19.453 40.259-36.969-26.859-36.97 26.859 14.123-43.459-36.969-26.861h45.696z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ghana +233</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 230h513v112H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M363.1 131.8V99.1H374V77.3h-21.9v10.9h-21.8V77.3h-21.8v21.8h10.9v32.7h-21.8V55.5h10.9V33.7h-21.8v10.9h-10.9V33.7H254v10.9h-10.9V33.7h-21.8v21.8h10.9v76.3h-21.8V99.1h10.9V77.3h-21.8v10.9h-21.8V77.3h-21.8v21.8h10.9v32.7H145V219h239.9v-87.2z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" stroke="black" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M264.9 235.5l-24.2 18.2 19.1 14.3v31.3h-23.2v9h23v7.9h-23v9.3H270V268l19.1-14.3-24.2-18.2zm0 25.3l-10.1-7.1 10.1-7.1 10.1 7.1-10.1 7.1z"></path><path d="M239.6 209.7v-27.9s.1-22.3 25-22.3c24.8 0 25.7 22 25.7 22v28.2h-50.7zM170.5 209.7v-24.3s.1-18.7 19.6-18.7 20.2 18.4 20.2 18.4v24.5h-39.8z"></path><path d="M169.1 209.7v-24.3s.1-18.7 19.6-18.7 20.2 18.4 20.2 18.4v24.5h-39.8zM320.9 209.7v-24.3s.1-18.7 19.6-18.7 20.2 18.4 20.2 18.4v24.5h-39.8zM329.3 132v-15.7s.1-12.1 11.3-12.1c11.3 0 11.7 11.9 11.7 11.9V132h-23zM250.5 132v-23.7s.1-18.3 14.3-18.3c14.2 0 14.7 18 14.7 18v24h-29zM177.5 132v-15.7s.1-12.1 11.3-12.1 11.7 11.9 11.7 11.9V132h-23z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Gibraltar +350</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#1571CC"><path d="M0 0h513v38H0zM0 76h513v38H0zM0 152h513v38H0zM0 228h513v38H0zM0 304h513v38H0z"></path></g><path fill="#1571CC" d="M0 0h190v190H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M0 76h190v38H0z"></path><path d="M76 0h38v190H76z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Greece +30</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M513 0v171H0V0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="185.8" cy="171.2" r="117.8"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M68 171c0-65.1 52.8-117.8 117.8-117.8 65.1 0 117.8 52.8 117.8 117.8"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Greenland +299</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#c60a0a" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#3E8446" d="M256 170.7L44.5 296.8V44.5z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 170.7l211.5 126.1h-423zM467.5 44.5L256 170.7 44.5 44.5z"></path></g><path fill="#3E8446" d="M467.5 44.5v252.3L256 170.7z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 10.4l3.3 10.2H270l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM170.1 10.4l3.3 10.2h10.7l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM341.9 10.4l3.3 10.2H356l-8.7 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM256 304.2l3.3 10.2H270l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM170.1 304.2l3.3 10.2h10.7l-8.6 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7zM341.9 304.2l3.3 10.2H356l-8.7 6.3 3.3 10.2-8.7-6.3-8.7 6.3 3.3-10.2-8.6-6.3h10.7z"></path></g><circle fill="#c60a0a" cx="244.5" cy="170.7" r="76.2"></circle><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M244.5 110.1l13.6 41.8h44l-35.6 25.8 13.6 41.8-35.6-25.8-35.5 25.8 13.6-41.8-35.6-25.8h44zM107.7 167.8c4.4 6.9 2.3 16.1-4.6 20.5s-16.1 2.3-20.5-4.6c-7.9-12.5-3.3-33-3.3-33s20.4 4.6 28.4 17.1z"></path><circle fill="#A2001D" cx="99.1" cy="182.1" r="7.4"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Grenada +1473</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guadeloupe +590</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M11.1 11.1h489.7v319.1H11.1z"></path><path fill="#7DBEF1" d="M256 285.3s76.4-51.3 76.4-114.6S256 56 256 56s-76.4 51.3-76.4 114.6S256 285.3 256 285.3z"></path><path fill="#1C8AE6" d="M179.8 180.7h152.6l-29.3 64.9h-95.2z"></path><path fill="#FFF042" d="M192.3 205.9s40.5 38.2 51 38.2c12.4 0 12.6-18.4 25.5-25.5 20.2-11.1 51-12.7 51-12.7L297 248.7l-41 36.6-46.8-39.7-16.9-39.7z"></path><path fill="#259C7B" d="M256 157.5l-22.5 15.6 7.9-26.2-21.8-16.5 27.4-.5 9-25.9 9 25.9 27.4.5-21.8 16.6 7.9 26.2-22.5-15.7z"></path><path fill="#8E5715" d="M249.7 144.6c-.9 9.2-1.5 18.4-1.7 27.6-.3 11.9.3 20.7 2 26 2.2 6.6 7.2 12.9 14.2 18.9 5.3 4.6 10.6 8.1 14.2 10.1 3.1 1.7 7 .6 8.7-2.4 1.7-3.1.6-7-2.4-8.7-4.3-2.5-8.4-5.4-12.2-8.7-5.4-4.6-9.1-9.2-10.4-13.3-1.1-3.4-1.6-11.3-1.4-21.7.2-8.9.8-17.8 1.7-26.6.4-3.5-2.2-6.6-5.7-7-3.6-.3-6.7 2.3-7 5.8z"></path><path fill="white" d="M217.8 170.7l25.5 38.2h-25.5v-38.2z"></path><path fill="none" stroke="#D80027" stroke-width="12" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M256 285.3s76.4-51.3 76.4-114.6S256 56 256 56s-76.4 51.3-76.4 114.6S256 285.3 256 285.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guam +1671</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 0h171v342H0zM342 0h171v342H342z"></path></g><circle fill="#DCC26D" cx="256" cy="155.8" r="25.5"></circle><path fill="#628A40" d="M194.2 155.9c0 22.1 11.8 42.5 30.8 53.5 5.9 3.4 13.5 1.4 16.9-4.5 3.4-5.9 1.4-13.5-4.5-16.9-11.5-6.6-18.5-18.9-18.5-32.1 0-6.8-5.5-12.4-12.4-12.4s-12.3 5.5-12.3 12.4zm95.1 52.1c17.8-11.4 28.6-31 28.5-52.1 0-6.8-5.5-12.4-12.4-12.4-6.8 0-12.4 5.5-12.4 12.4 0 12.7-6.5 24.5-17.1 31.3-5.8 3.6-7.7 11.2-4.1 17 3.6 5.8 11.2 7.7 17 4.1.2-.1.3-.2.5-.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guatemala +502</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M308 0H204v118.7H0v104h204V342h104V222.7h205v-104H308z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M368.6 188l26 17.3V136l-26 17.3h-95.3V58.1l17.3-26h-69.2l17.3 26v95.2h-95.3l-26-17.3v69.3l26-17.3h95.3v95.2l-17.3 26h69.2l-17.3-26V188z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guernsey +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h512v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M342 0h171v342H342z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guinea +224</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v170.663H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0z"></path><path d="M98.32 195.127l15.107 46.497h48.894l-39.555 28.74 15.108 46.498-39.554-28.737-39.556 28.737 15.111-46.498-39.554-28.74h48.891z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guinea-Bissau +245</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="#009E49" d="M0 0h900v600H0V0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 0l947 300L0 600V0z"></path><path fill="#FFD00D" d="M0 26.1L870 300 0 573.9V26.1z"></path><path fill="#2D2D2D" d="M0 0l450 300L0 600V0z"></path><path fill="#D3132F" d="M0 35l397.5 265L0 565V35z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Guyana +592</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 0h513v172H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 172h513v172H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M381.4 251.5l-110.7-13.8-110.8 13.8V85.4h221.5z"></path><circle fill="#0052B4" cx="270.7" cy="182.3" r="55.4"></circle><circle fill="#A2001D" cx="270.7" cy="182.3" r="27.7"></circle><path fill="#6DA544" d="M229.1 113.1h83.1l-41.5 41.5z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256.8 140.8h27.7v83h-27.7z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M314.9 215.5h-88.5l-66.5 36h221.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Haiti +509</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.331h256v341.337H256z"></path><path fill="#ACABB1" d="M321.353 233.837l32.073 42.43c-5.053 7.651-5.026 17.961.817 25.692 7.414 9.807 21.374 11.748 31.182 4.335 9.807-7.414 11.748-21.374 4.334-31.182-5.843-7.731-15.756-10.568-24.495-7.795l-49.988-66.129-11.838 8.949-17.759 13.424 17.899 23.677 17.775-13.401zm46.175 48.78a7.421 7.421 0 118.95 11.84 7.421 7.421 0 01-8.95-11.84z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M376.367 247.24l17.899-23.677-17.759-13.424-11.838-8.949-49.988 66.129c-8.74-2.775-18.651.063-24.495 7.795-7.414 9.808-5.473 23.768 4.334 31.182 9.808 7.414 23.768 5.473 31.182-4.335 5.845-7.731 5.871-18.041.817-25.692l32.073-42.43 17.775 13.401zm-62.504 45.771a7.42 7.42 0 11-11.84-8.95 7.42 7.42 0 0111.84 8.95z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Holy See (Vatican City State) +379</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 0h513v114H0zM0 228h513v114H0zM203.5 117.9l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.7-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.7-14-10.9 17.6-1zM308.5 117.9l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.7-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.7-14-10.9 17.6-1zM256 147.6l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.7-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.7-14-10.9 17.6-1zM203.5 177.3l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.6-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.6-14-10.9 17.6-1zM308.5 177.3l6.7 16.6 17.6 1-14 10.9 4.7 17.6-15-9.9-15 9.9 4.7-17.6-14-10.9 17.6-1z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Honduras +504</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Hungary +36</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 295.883H202.195v130.783H122.435V295.883H0V216.111h122.435V85.329H202.195v130.782H512V277.329z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 234.666v42.663H183.652v149.337h-42.674V277.329H0v-42.663h140.978V85.329h42.674v149.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Iceland +354</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 85.337h512V256H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Indonesia +62</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 227.9h513v114H0zM278.8 134.8c.1 2 8.7 26.2 4.4 39.4-6.6 20.3-15.8 21.8-19.8 24.5V134l-6.9-4.2-6.9 4.2v64.7c-4-2.7-12.4-2.4-19.8-24.5-4.3-12.7 5.7-37.3 5.8-39.2 0 0-9.5 8.1-15.8 24-5.9 14.8 1.9 49.6 29.5 54.8 2.3.4 4.7 5.6 7.2 5.6 2.1 0 4.1-5.2 6-5.5 28.4-4.6 35-41.7 29.9-55.6-5.4-14.6-13.6-23.5-13.6-23.5z"></path></g><g fill="white" opacity=".5"><path d="M44.6 98.9h22.3v24.4H44.6zM0 98.9h22.3v24.4H0zM89.2 98.9h22.3v24.4H89.2zM133.8 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM178.4 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM223 98.9h22.3v24.4H223zM267.7 98.9H290v24.4h-22.3zM312.3 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM356.9 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM401.5 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM446.1 98.9h22.3v24.4h-22.3zM490.7 98.9H513v24.4h-22.3zM44.6 216.9h22.3v25.5H44.6zM0 216.9h22.3v25.5H0zM89.2 216.9h22.3v25.5H89.2zM133.8 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM178.4 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM223 216.9h22.3v25.5H223zM267.7 216.9H290v25.5h-22.3zM312.3 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM356.9 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM401.5 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM446.1 216.9h22.3v25.5h-22.3zM490.7 216.9H513v25.5h-22.3z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Iran +98</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#CE1126" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path d="M0 228h513v114H0z"></path><g fill="#547C31"><path d="M219.2 160.7h-29.3c1.5-5.7 6.6-9.9 12.8-9.9v-19.9c-18.3 0-33.1 14.9-33.1 33.1v16.5h49.6c1.8 0 3.3 1.5 3.3 3.3v6.6h-66.2v19.9h86.1v-26.5c0-12.7-10.4-23.1-23.2-23.1zM268.8 190.5v-59.6H249v79.5h33.1v-19.9zM335 190.5v-59.6h-19.8v59.6h-6.6v-19.8h-19.9v39.7h59.6v-19.9z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Iraq +964</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#E52D42" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M393.3 68.2h-45.8l-33.8 80.2-34.4-22.9s-24.7-59.1-34.4-68.2c-9.7-9.7-18.7-.6-48.9 7.8-29.6 8.4-30.8 18.7-42.2 18.7-4.8 0-19.9-17.5-27.7-22.3-12.1-7.8-16.9-4.2-13.9 7.2 1.2 4.8 10.9 10.9 16.9 19.9 7.8 11.5 12.7 25.9 12.7 25.9s10.9-10.3 16.9-12.1c9-2.4 19.3 1.8 31.4 0 15.1-2.4 31.4-10.9 31.4-10.9l4.2 43.4s-54.3 50.7-49.5 70.6 56.1 44.6 68.2 62.7c12.1 17.5-7.2 24.1-7.2 32.6s-1.8 19.9 7.2 16.3c9-3.6 10.3-18.1 18.7-31.4 6-9 10.3-13.9 11.5-17.5 1.8-9-23.5-32-37.4-48.9-6.6-7.8-19.9-18.7-19.9-18.7l39.2-29.6s67.6 27.7 82.6 18.7c15.1-9 19.3-98.3 19.3-98.3l47-11.5-12.1-11.7z"></path><path fill="#F8DD4E" d="M279.3 262.4c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5s4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5c6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm45.8-182.8c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5s4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5c6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm0 91.1c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5 0-6 4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5 6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5-.6 6.7-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm-136.9 45.8c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5 0-6 4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5 6.6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-5.5 11.5-11.5 11.5zm45.2-136.9c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5s4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5c6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5s-4.8 11.5-11.5 11.5zm22.9 91.1c-6 0-11.5-10.3-11.5-22.9s4.8-22.9 11.5-22.9c6 0 11.5 10.3 11.5 22.9s-4.8 22.9-11.5 22.9zm-114-45.2c-6 0-11.5-4.8-11.5-11.5 0-6.6 4.8-11.5 11.5-11.5 6.6 0 11.5 4.8 11.5 11.5 0 6.6-4.8 11.5-11.5 11.5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Isle of Man +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M340.6 122.4h-56.1l-28-48.6-28 48.6h-56.1l28 48.6-28 48.6h56.1l28 48.6 28-48.6h56.1l-28-48.6 28-48.6zM293.2 171L276 204.2h-38.9L219.8 171l17.2-33.2h38.9l17.3 33.2zm-36.7-71.8l11.9 23.3h-23.9l12-23.3zm-58.3 38.6h23.9l-10.8 21-13.1-21zm0 66.4l13-22.1 11.9 22.1h-24.9zm58.3 37.5l-11.9-22.1h23.9l-12 22.1zm59.4-37.5h-25l11.9-22.1 13.1 22.1zm-26.1-66.4h26.1l-13 22.1-13.1-22.1zM0 21.3h512V64H0zM0 277.3h512V320H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Israel +972</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M341.334 85.33H0v341.332h512V85.33z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.333h170.663V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.333H512V426.67H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Italy +39</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M215.864 256.006L0 399.911V112.089zM512 112.089v287.822L296.136 256.006z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M512 112.089L296.136 256.006 512 399.911v26.757h-40.125L256 282.752 40.125 426.668H0v-26.757l215.864-143.905L0 112.089V85.331h40.125L256 229.248 471.875 85.331H512z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 112.089L296.136 256.006 512 399.911v26.757h-40.125L256 282.752 40.125 426.668H0v-26.757l215.864-143.905L0 112.089V85.331h40.125L256 229.248 471.875 85.331H512z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Jamaica +1876</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#D80027" cx="256" cy="255.994" r="96"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Japan +81</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M301.8 171L513 30.2V0h-45.3L256.5 140.8 45.3 0H0v30.2L211.2 171 0 311.8V342h45.3l211.2-140.8L467.7 342H513v-30.2z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M233.7 44.6l22.3 5.6 22.3-5.6 4-20.9-14.9 6.5L256 14.8l-11.4 15.4-14.9-6.5z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M233.7 44.6s-4 12.9-4 29.9c0 27.9 26.3 41.3 26.3 41.3s26.3-15.5 26.3-41.3c0-15.4-4-29.9-4-29.9s-8.1-5-22.3-5-22.3 5-22.3 5z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Jersey +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.339h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.339h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.89h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 256.006L0 426.669V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M77.913 224.802l7.876 16.469 17.786-4.11-7.965 16.426 14.303 11.343-17.808 4.014.049 18.255-14.241-11.421-14.241 11.421.05-18.255-17.809-4.014 14.303-11.343-7.965-16.426 17.786 4.11z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Jordan +962</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#36B6CC" d="M0 0h513v342H0V0z"></path><circle fill="#FFD400" cx="256.5" cy="170.9" r="68.4"></circle><path fill="#FFD400" d="M256.5 251.5l-27.9 41.7-7.1-49.7-43.2 25.5 15.2-47.8-50 4.2 34.4-36.5-46.9-18 46.8-18-34.4-36.5 50 4.2-15.2-47.8 43.2 25.4 7.1-49.7 27.9 41.7 27.9-41.7 7.1 49.7 43.2-25.4-15.2 47.8 50-4.2-34.3 36.6 46.8 17.9-46.8 18 34.4 36.5-50-4.2 15.2 47.8-43.2-25.4-7.1 49.7c0-.1-27.9-41.8-27.9-41.8zm0-.8c44.1 0 79.9-35.8 79.9-79.9S300.6 91 256.5 91s-79.9 35.8-79.9 79.9 35.8 79.8 79.9 79.8zM22.8 28.3c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0 45.7c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6V74zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0 45.7c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0 45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H28.5c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm22.8-22.8c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7V245c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-11.4zm0-45.7c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6V188zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6v-.1-11.3zm0-45.6c0-3.2 2.4-5.7 5.7-5.7h11.3c3.2 0 5.7 2.4 5.7 5.7v11.3c.1 3.1-2.4 5.7-5.6 5.7H51.3c-3.1 0-5.7-2.5-5.7-5.6V51.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kazakhstan +77</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h512v90.579H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 336.089h512v90.568H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 198.606h512v114.799H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M323.265 139.803l-25.583-11.809L256 222.376l-41.682-94.382-25.583 11.809 51.749 116.191-51.749 116.192 25.583 11.808L256 289.613l41.682 94.381 25.583-11.808-51.749-116.192z"></path><path d="M273.376 150.931C263.472 140.115 256 133.898 256 133.898s-7.472 6.216-17.376 17.032v210.127C248.528 371.873 256 378.091 256 378.091s7.472-6.216 17.376-17.033V150.931z"></path></g><g fill="#A2001D"><path d="M209.04 191.226v129.535c10.465 18.542 23.274 33.742 32.872 43.818V147.408c-9.599 10.076-22.408 25.275-32.872 43.818zM302.96 191.226c-10.465-18.543-23.274-33.742-32.872-43.818V364.58c9.599-10.077 22.407-25.276 32.872-43.818V191.226z"></path></g><path d="M302.96 191.226v129.535c10.594-18.774 18.784-40.973 18.784-64.767s-8.19-45.993-18.784-64.768zM209.04 191.226v129.535c-10.594-18.774-18.784-40.973-18.784-64.767s8.19-45.993 18.784-64.768z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kenya +254</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 450 300"><path fill="#CE1126" d="M0 0h450v300H0V0z"></path><g fill="#FCD116"><circle cx="227.6" cy="161.2" r="56.2"></circle><path d="M254.1 73.4l-23.7 26 28.6 6.5zM202.6 73.6l-4.8 33.1 28.5-8zM296.9 100.3l-34.7 8.5 20.1 23.7zM158.6 98.5l15.5 32.7 20.2-22.7zM317.6 143.8l-34.4-9.9 5.6 29.5zM135.6 141.2l31.9 19.8 5.2-27.7z"></path></g><path fill="#003F87" d="M0 175h450v125H0V175z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 267c15 0 30 13 45 13s30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13v-21c-15 0-30 13-45 13s-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13v21zm0-43c15 0 30 13 45 13s30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13v-21c-15 0-30 13-45 13s-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13v21zm0-43c15 0 30 13 45 13s30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13 30 13 45 13 30-13 45-13v-21c-15 0-30 13-45 13s-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13-30 13-45 13-30-13-45-13v21z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" fill="#FCD116" d="M183.2 48.3l-1.1-5.3 22.4-3.7s-30.1-7.1-40-10.7c-14.3-5.1-16.3-12.1-16.3-12.1s44.7 11 64.8 11c4.3 0 12.8 10.7 12.8 10.7s14.8-14.9 21.9-15.4c32.1-2.3 66.6-6.4 66.6-6.4s-10 6.7-16 8.5c-16.2 4.9-50.6 11.7-50.6 11.7l-4.8 7.5H277l-14.4 4.3 7.4 6.9s-7.8-4.1-18.1-2.1c-7.1 1.3-15.4 6-22.9 8-18.7 4.8-29.9-12.8-29.9-12.8l-15.9-.1z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kiribati +686</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#91DC5A" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M0 85.331h512v57.188H0zM0 369.48h512v57.177H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 165.215h512v181.582H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="190.33" cy="255.994" r="65.668"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M190.332 190.332l14.734 45.346h47.757l-38.65 28.028 14.849 45.481-38.69-28.16-38.631 28.107 14.79-45.428-38.616-28.028h47.722z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea +850</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h900v600H0z"></path><g transform="rotate(-56.31)"><g stroke="black" stroke-width="25"><path d="M-75 228.3H75m-150 37.5H75m-150 37.5H75M-75 778.3H75m-150 37.5H75m-150 37.5H75"></path></g><path stroke="white" stroke-width="12.5" d="M0 753.3v125"></path><circle fill="#ca163a" cy="540.8" r="150"></circle><path fill="#0e4896" d="M0 390.8c-41.4 0-75 33.6-75 75s33.6 75 75 75 75 33.6 75 75-33.6 75-75 75c-82.8 0-150-67.2-150-150s67.2-150 150-150z"></path></g><g stroke="black" stroke-width="25"><path d="M231.56 535.73l-83.205-124.808M262.76 514.928l-83.205-124.807m114.407 104.006l-83.205-124.808M689.187 230.644l-83.205-124.807M720.39 209.843L637.184 85.036m114.407 104.006L668.386 64.234"></path></g><path stroke="white" stroke-width="12.5" d="M205.6 462.897l31.202-20.8m389.981-259.989l36.444-24.296m31.202-20.801l31.202-20.801"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Korea, Republic of South Korea +82</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.34H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M220.72 42.63l7.95 16.11 17.77 2.58-12.86 12.54 3.04 17.7-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.03-17.7-12.86-12.54 17.78-2.58zM291.28 42.57l7.95 16.1 17.78 2.59-12.86 12.53 3.03 17.71-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.04-17.71-12.86-12.53 17.77-2.59zM353.36 53.93l7.95 16.11 17.77 2.58-12.86 12.54 3.04 17.7-15.9-8.35-15.9 8.35 3.04-17.7-12.87-12.54 17.78-2.58zM416.37 72.23l7.95 16.11 17.77 2.59-12.86 12.53 3.04 17.71-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.03-17.71-12.86-12.53 17.78-2.59zM158.64 53.93l7.95 16.11 17.78 2.58-12.87 12.54 3.04 17.7-15.9-8.35-15.9 8.35 3.04-17.7-12.86-12.54 17.77-2.58zM95.63 72.23l7.95 16.11 17.78 2.59-12.86 12.53 3.03 17.71-15.9-8.36-15.9 8.36 3.04-17.71-12.86-12.53 17.77-2.59z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M217.53 259.33l-27.22-13.61-27.22-54.43h27.22l27.22-27.22 13.61-27.22 27.22-13.61 13.61 13.61 27.22 13.61v13.61l13.61 13.61 40.83 27.22L340 245.73l-40.83 40.83-13.61-27.22-40.83 27.22v27.22l-13.61-13.61-13.59-40.84z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kosovo +383</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 342"><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><circle cx="256" cy="170.7" r="170.7"></circle></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M382.4 170.7L330.8 195l27.5 50-56.1-10.7-7.1 56.6-39.1-41.7-39.1 41.7-7.1-56.6-56.1 10.7 27.5-50-51.6-24.3 51.6-24.3-27.5-50.1 56.1 10.8 7.1-56.7L256 92.1l39.1-41.7 7.1 56.7 56.1-10.8-27.5 50.1z"></path><circle fill="#D80027" cx="257.4" cy="170.7" r="71.6"></circle><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M214.2 170.7c-2.1 0-4.1.1-6.2.3.1 12 4.4 22.9 11.6 31.5 3.8-10.3 9.5-19.6 16.7-27.7-6.9-2.7-14.3-4.1-22.1-4.1zM240.8 217.2c5.2 1.9 10.8 2.9 16.6 2.9 5.8 0 11.4-1 16.6-2.9-2.8-11.1-8.7-21-16.6-28.8-7.9 7.8-13.8 17.7-16.6 28.8zM300.2 146c-8.5-14.8-24.5-24.7-42.8-24.7-18.3 0-34.2 9.9-42.8 24.7 15.6.1 30.2 4.3 42.8 11.6 12.6-7.3 27.2-11.6 42.8-11.6zM278.5 174.8c7.2 8 12.9 17.4 16.7 27.7 7.2-8.5 11.5-19.5 11.6-31.5-2-.2-4.1-.3-6.2-.3-7.7 0-15.2 1.4-22.1 4.1z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Kyrgyzstan +996</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 .1h513v90.7H0zM0 251.3h513V342H0z"></path></g><circle fill="white" cx="256.5" cy="171" r="65.9"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Laos +856</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#A2001D"><path class="prefix__st1" d="M0 0h513v127.6H0zM0 214.4h513V342H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Latvia +371</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 .2h513v90.7H0zM.5 251.3H513V342H.5z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M290.3 193.5L256 130.7l-34.3 62.8h25.7v17.2h17.2v-17.2z"></path><path fill="#14AF5A" d="M241.3 213.1c4.4-4.4 4.4-11.6-.1-16l4.7 4.7c-5.2-4.7-12.2-6.6-19.1-5.3l-23.5 5.9c-6.1 1.5-6.8-.4-1.8-4.2l27.1-20.3c5.1-3.8 4.2-6.9-2.3-6.9h-11c-6.4 0-7-2.3-1.5-5.1l25.3-12.7c5.6-2.8 5.1-5.1-1.5-5.1h-11c-6.4 0-7.4-3.1-2.3-6.9l27.1-20.3c5.6-3.8 12.9-3.8 18.5 0l27.1 20.3c5.1 3.8 4.2 6.9-2.3 6.9h-11c-6.4 0-7 2.3-1.5 5.1l25.3 12.7c5.6 2.8 5.1 5.1-1.5 5.1h-11c-6.4 0-7.4 3.1-2.3 6.9l27.1 20.3c5.1 3.8 4.4 5.7-1.8 4.2l-23.5-5.9c-6.8-1.3-13.9.6-19.1 5.3l4.7-4.7c-4.4 4.4-4.5 11.5-.1 16l6.8 6.8c4.4 4.4 3.1 8-3.3 8h-45.8c-6.2 0-7.7-3.6-3.3-8 .1.1 6.9-6.8 6.9-6.8z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Lebanon +961</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v114H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 227.6h513v114H0z"></path><path d="M245.2 171l7.7-23.1c2-5.9 5.1-6 7.1 0l7.7 23.1 19.4 29.1c1.7 2.6 1.3 6.3-1.2 8 0 0-6.9 8-29.5 8s-29.5-8-29.5-8c-2.4-2-2.9-5.4-1.2-8l19.5-29.1z"></path><path d="M256.5 171c-12.5 0-22.6-10.1-22.6-22.6 0-12.5 10.1-22.6 22.6-22.6s22.6 10.1 22.6 22.6c0 12.5-10.2 22.6-22.6 22.6zm0 0c6.2 0 11.3-16.3 11.3-22.6 0-6.2-5.1-11.3-11.3-11.3-6.2 0-11.3 5.1-11.3 11.3 0 6.3 5 22.6 11.3 22.6z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Lesotho +266</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 91.476h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 91.476h512v31.031H0zM0 153.539h512v31.031H0zM0 215.603h512v31.031H0zM0 277.666h512v31.031H0zM0 339.729h512v31.031H0zM0 401.793h512v31.031H0z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 79.177h256v167.457H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M127.999 118.382l11.05 34.01h35.764l-28.932 21.021 11.05 34.012-28.932-21.021-28.933 21.021 11.053-34.012-28.932-21.021h35.762z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Liberia +231</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M281.424 236.026l8.962 12.35 14.513-4.706-8.975 12.339 8.961 12.349-14.509-4.724-8.976 12.34.01-15.258-14.51-4.725 14.514-4.706z"></path><path d="M256.965 286.868c-17.048 0-30.868-13.821-30.868-30.868s13.821-30.868 30.868-30.868a30.742 30.742 0 0114.684 3.71c-6.851-6.698-16.218-10.833-26.556-10.833-20.982 0-37.992 17.01-37.992 37.992s17.01 37.992 37.992 37.992c10.338 0 19.706-4.135 26.556-10.833a30.738 30.738 0 01-14.684 3.708z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Libya +218</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h513v171H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M149.3 98.1c0-14-11.3-25.3-25.3-25.3-6.5 0-12.4 2.4-16.9 6.4V64.4h8.4V47.5h-8.4v-8.4H90.3v8.4h-8.4v16.9h8.4v14.9c-4.5-4-10.4-6.4-16.9-6.4-14 0-25.3 11.3-25.3 25.3 0 7.5 3.3 14.2 8.4 18.8v14.9h84.3V117c5.3-4.7 8.5-11.5 8.5-18.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Liechtenstein +423</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Lithuania +370</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Luxembourg +352</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M285.682 248.878c-4.19 0-8.166.836-11.861 2.164 2.023-4.509 3.379-9.527 3.379-14.885 0-21.201-21.201-37.101-21.201-37.101s-21.201 15.901-21.201 37.101c0 5.357 1.356 10.375 3.379 14.885-3.693-1.328-7.671-2.164-11.861-2.164-21.201 0-37.101 21.201-37.101 21.201s15.901 21.201 37.101 21.201c12.429 0 23.031-7.286 29.682-13.315 6.65 6.03 17.251 13.315 29.682 13.315 21.201 0 37.101-21.201 37.101-21.201s-15.899-21.201-37.099-21.201z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 152.111l4.38 13.476h14.171l-11.464 8.332 4.376 13.476-11.463-8.33-11.463 8.33 4.376-13.476-11.464-8.332h14.171zM202.112 175.683l8.425 7.585 9.818-5.667-4.61 10.355 8.423 7.588-11.274-1.185-4.611 10.355-2.358-11.088-11.275-1.185 9.818-5.669zM162.662 215.132l11.09 2.358 5.668-9.818 1.186 11.274 11.089 2.358-10.357 4.61 1.186 11.274-7.587-8.423-10.357 4.61 5.669-9.818zM309.889 175.683l-8.425 7.585-9.818-5.667 4.611 10.355-8.425 7.588 11.275-1.185 4.61 10.355 2.359-11.088 11.275-1.185-9.818-5.669zM349.338 215.132l-11.089 2.358-5.669-9.818-1.186 11.274-11.088 2.358 10.357 4.61-1.185 11.274 7.586-8.423 10.357 4.61-5.669-9.818z"></path></g><g fill="white"><path d="M256 350.642c16.84 0 32.363-5.619 44.816-15.073h-89.63c12.451 9.454 27.974 15.073 44.814 15.073zM187.977 306.12a74.138 74.138 0 008.85 15.073h118.345a74.13 74.13 0 008.85-15.073H187.977z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Macau +853</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 426.666V85.329H0v341.337h512z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.331H0v170.666h512V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.334h181.793v341.337H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Madagascar +261</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M307.01 166.957l-20.842-9.804 11.099-20.186-22.634 4.329-2.868-22.864L256 135.248l-15.764-16.816-2.869 22.864-22.633-4.329 11.099 20.186-20.843 9.804z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Malawi +265</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 42.7h512v42.7H0zM0 128h512v42.7H0zM0 213.3h512V256H0zM0 298.7h512v42.7H0z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h256v170.7H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M141.1 134.8c-28 0-45.9-24.8-45.9-49.5 0-24.8 17.9-49.5 45.9-49.5 8.7 0 18.1 1 25.3 4.9-11.2-11-26.6-17.8-43.6-17.8-34.4 0-62.4 27.9-62.4 62.4s27.9 62.4 62.4 62.4c17 0 32.3-6.8 43.6-17.8-7.1 3.9-16.5 4.9-25.3 4.9z"></path><path d="M171 49.7l9 18.8 20.3-4.7-9.1 18.8 16.4 12.9-20.4 4.6.1 20.9-16.3-13.1-16.2 13.1v-20.9l-20.3-4.6 16.3-12.9-9.1-18.8 20.3 4.7z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Malaysia +60</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.333H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M144.696 174.375h222.609v163.25H144.696z"></path><path fill="white" d="M283.484 304.226c-26.637 0-48.232-21.594-48.232-48.232s21.594-48.232 48.232-48.232c8.306 0 16.12 2.1 22.943 5.797-10.703-10.467-25.341-16.927-41.494-16.927-32.784 0-59.362 26.577-59.362 59.362s26.578 59.362 59.362 59.362c16.154 0 30.791-6.461 41.494-16.927-6.822 3.698-14.636 5.797-22.943 5.797z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Maldives +960</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mali +223</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 85.331h256v341.337H256z"></path><path fill="#ACABB1" d="M208.231 138.671v-21.334h-21.332v21.334h-21.334v21.332h21.334v21.334h21.332v-21.334h21.334v-21.332z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Malta +356</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M233.839 185.115l-20.844 9.803 11.1 20.187-22.633-4.33-2.868 22.864-15.765-16.816-15.766 16.816-2.867-22.864-22.634 4.33 11.1-20.187-20.843-9.803 20.843-9.805-11.1-20.185 22.633 4.328 2.869-22.864 15.765 16.816 15.765-16.816 2.868 22.864 22.634-4.328-11.1 20.186zM426.917 85.337L0 421.52v3.762L503.756 85.337z"></path></g><path fill="#FF9811" d="M512 85.337h-8.244L0 425.282v1.381h3.723L512 136.998z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Marshall Islands +692</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M512 233.734v44.521H278.261v148.402h-44.522V278.255H0v-44.521h233.739V85.331h44.522v148.403z"></path><path d="M386.607 175.885a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09V180h-34.09a4.12 4.12 0 01-4.115-4.115zM108.346 175.885a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09V180h-34.09a4.12 4.12 0 01-4.115-4.115zM386.607 368.809a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09v-21.159h-34.09a4.119 4.119 0 01-4.115-4.115zM108.346 368.809a4.119 4.119 0 014.115-4.114h8.816c13.936 0 25.274-11.337 25.274-25.273 0-13.935-11.337-25.273-25.274-25.273h-8.372c-2.733-2.052-6.399-3.318-10.443-3.318-8.436 0-15.273 5.471-15.273 12.219 0 6.683 6.707 12.104 15.029 12.209l-.003.049h19.062c2.27 0 4.115 1.845 4.115 4.115s-1.845 4.114-4.115 4.114h-8.816c-13.936 0-25.273 11.337-25.273 25.273 0 13.935 11.336 25.273 25.273 25.273h34.09v-21.159h-34.09a4.119 4.119 0 01-4.115-4.115z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Martinique +596</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M256 298.851c-45.956 0-84.348-32.298-93.767-75.429A96.288 96.288 0 00160 243.994c0 53.02 42.979 96 96 96s96-42.98 96-96c0-7.066-.785-13.942-2.233-20.572-9.419 43.131-47.811 75.429-93.767 75.429z"></path><path d="M255.999 171.994l8.935 27.502h28.918l-23.394 16.996 8.936 27.503-23.395-16.998-23.394 16.998 8.937-27.503-23.394-16.996h28.915z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mauritania +222</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 170.657h512v85.337H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 341.331h512v85.337H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mauritius +230</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 90 60"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h90v60H0z"></path><path stroke="#7f7f7f" stroke-width=".25" fill="#ABABAB" d="M12.8 38.5s4 1.6 1.2-.5c-2.4-1.7-5 2.4-5 5.1s1.2 7 7.5 7c7.6 0 11.4-5.7 11.4-11.4 0-4.8-3.7-13.5-6.5-14.6-3.1-1.2-6.7-3.5-6.8-5 0-.5 1.4-.1 3.3.9 3.1 1.7 6.6 2.5 6.6 1.4s-2.9-3.1-4-4.6c-1.2-1.6-.9-5.5-3-5.5-7.6 0-9.9 7.7-7 11.7 1.9 2.6-4.3 1-4.3 1s0 5.3 3.2 7.3c3 1.8 4.8 3.9 4.8 3.9s-.2-4.6.5-3.9c.6.7 11.1 4.5 10.3 12-.3 3-4.5 5.4-8.5 5.2-4-.2-6.8-2.4-6.4-5.4.2-4.2 2.7-4.6 2.7-4.6zM77.2 38.5s-4 1.6-1.2-.5c2.4-1.8 5.1 2.3 5.1 5.1s-1.2 7-7.5 7c-7.6 0-11.4-5.7-11.4-11.4 0-4.8 3.7-13.5 6.5-14.6 3.1-1.2 6.7-3.5 6.8-5 0-.5-1.4-.1-3.3.9-3.1 1.7-6.6 2.5-6.6 1.4s2.9-3.1 4-4.6c1.2-1.6.9-5.5 3-5.5 7.6 0 9.9 7.7 7 11.7-1.9 2.6 4.3 1 4.3 1s0 5.3-3.2 7.3c-3 1.8-4.8 3.9-4.8 3.9s.2-4.6-.5-3.9c-.6.7-11.1 4.5-10.3 12 .3 3 4.5 5.4 8.5 5.2 4-.2 6.8-2.4 6.4-5.4-.3-4.2-2.8-4.6-2.8-4.6z"></path><path fill="#DE393A" d="M31 28.8v14c0 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.1 1.6h9.3c1.2 0 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.3s1.4-2.3 2.5-2.3h9.6s2 .2 2-1.8V28.7H31z"></path><path fill="#3951A3" d="M31 13.1h28v15.7H31z"></path><path fill="white" d="M50.1 16.5c-.4 2.4-2.5 4.2-5.1 4.2-2.5 0-4.6-1.8-5.1-4.2-.5.9-.8 1.9-.8 3 0 3.3 2.6 5.9 5.9 5.9 3.3 0 5.9-2.6 5.9-5.9 0-1.1-.3-2.1-.8-3z"></path><circle fill="#FEE05F" cx="39.1" cy="36.5" r="3"></circle><circle fill="#FEE05F" cx="50.9" cy="36.5" r="3"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mayotte +262</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.334 85.33H0v341.332h512V85.33z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.333h170.663V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M170.663 85.333h170.663V426.67H170.663z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M208 255.996c0 26.509 21.491 48 48 48s48-21.491 48-48v-16h-96v16z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M320 223.996h-48c0-8.836-7.164-16-16-16s-16 7.164-16 16h-48c0 8.836 7.697 16 16.533 16H208c0 8.836 7.164 16 16 16 0 8.836 7.164 16 16 16h32c8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16 8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16h-.533c8.836 0 16.533-7.163 16.533-16z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mexico +52</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M256 37.9l10.1 31.2H299l-26.6 19.3 10.2 31.2-26.6-19.3-26.6 19.3 10.2-31.2L213 69.1h32.9zM123.2 170.7l31.2-10.2v-32.8l19.3 26.6 31.2-10.2-19.3 26.6 19.3 26.5-31.2-10.1-19.3 26.5v-32.8zM256 303.5l-10.1-31.2H213l26.6-19.3-10.2-31.3L256 241l26.6-19.3-10.2 31.3 26.6 19.3h-32.9zM388.8 170.7l-31.2 10.1v32.8l-19.3-26.5-31.2 10.1 19.3-26.5-19.3-26.6 31.2 10.2 19.3-26.6v32.8z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia +691</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M342 0h171v342H342z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h171v342H0z"></path><path fill="#AF7F59" d="M206.2 129.1h33.2L256 79.3l16.6 49.8h33.2v99.6L256 262l-49.8-33.2v-99.7zm33.2 33.3v49.8h33.2v-49.8h-33.2z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Moldova +373</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.34h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.334v166.69L0 256.175V85.334z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Monaco +377</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#A2001D"><path d="M330.207 85.331H512v341.337H330.207zM0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0z"></path></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M113.163 267.125h14.84v59.359h-14.84zM53.793 267.125h14.84v59.359h-14.84z"></path><circle cx="90.902" cy="289.386" r="14.84"></circle><circle cx="90.902" cy="237.44" r="7.421"></circle><path d="M76.054 311.647h29.682v14.84H76.054zM76.054 252.288h29.682v14.84H76.054zM90.897 185.502l5.255 16.173h17.006l-13.757 9.996 5.252 16.173-13.756-9.996-13.756 9.996 5.251-16.173-13.756-9.996h17.005z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mongolia +976</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 115.011h512v281.978H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M218.899 211.478h74.202v-29.681l-14.84 7.42L256 166.957l-22.261 22.26-14.84-7.42zM322.783 256h-37.088a17 17 0 002.3-8.543c0-9.458-7.668-17.124-17.124-17.124-6.534 0-12.209 3.661-15.096 9.041-2.887-5.38-8.562-9.041-15.096-9.041-9.456 0-17.124 7.666-17.124 17.124 0 3.114.846 6.026 2.3 8.543h-36.636c0 11.349 9.885 20.549 21.232 20.549h-.685c0 9.31 6.192 17.168 14.68 19.694l-16.678 16.678 15.741 15.741 22.329-22.329c.875.321 1.78.577 2.714.752l-13.492 30.464c6.466 2.629 13.531 4.088 20.941 4.088s14.475-1.46 20.941-4.088l-13.492-30.464a17.108 17.108 0 002.714-.752l22.329 22.329 15.741-15.741-16.678-16.678c8.488-2.526 14.68-10.385 14.68-19.694h-.685c11.347 0 21.232-9.2 21.232-20.549z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M256 267.13l-24.116 11.131v22.261L256 315.362l24.116-14.84v-22.261z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M231.88 256h48.228v29.682H231.88z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Montenegro +382</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M334.222 191.996v78.221c0 38.103 49.777 49.779 49.777 49.779s49.778-11.675 49.778-49.779v-78.221h-99.555z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M334.222 270.217c0 38.103 49.777 49.779 49.777 49.779s49.778-11.675 49.778-49.779h-99.555z"></path><path d="M405.334 227.552H391.11v-14.223h-14.222v14.223h-14.222v14.223h14.222v42.665h14.222v-42.665h14.224z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.333v30.553l-45.167 25.099H256v59.359h-59.103L256 233.179v22.817h-26.68l-73.494-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.43 48.573H0v-30.554l45.167-25.098H0v-59.359h59.103L0 108.139V85.333h26.68l73.494 40.825V85.333h55.652v48.572l87.43-48.572z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.332H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.737l100.174-55.652z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.982L256 101.067V85.33l-100.174 55.652z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Montserrat +1664</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337v341.326h512V85.337z"></path><path fill="#20661b" d="M352 226.484h-73.337L256 156.738l-22.663 69.748H160l59.331 43.107-22.663 69.749L256 296.232l59.332 43.107-22.663-69.749L352 226.484zm-116.063 37.711l7.663-23.585h24.8l7.663 23.585v.001L256 278.772l-20.063-14.577zm27.873-37.711h-15.619L256 202.447l7.81 24.037zm24.269 28.982l-4.827-14.856h25.274l-20.447 14.856zm-59.331-14.856l-4.827 14.856-20.447-14.856h25.274zm-5.211 61.748l7.81-24.036 12.636 9.181-20.446 14.855zm44.479-14.856l12.636-9.181 7.81 24.036-20.446-14.855z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Morocco +212</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M83.477 195.132l15.107 46.498h48.894l-39.554 28.739 15.107 46.499-39.554-28.738-39.555 28.738 15.11-46.499-39.554-28.739H68.37z"></path><path fill="white" d="M39.268 256h88.42v40.578h-88.42z"></path><path d="M144.443 209.479l-14.347-14.347-46.618 46.618-46.617-46.618-14.347 14.347 46.658 46.577-46.658 46.658 14.347 14.154 46.617-46.534 46.618 46.534 14.347-14.154-46.659-46.658z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Mozambique +258</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M384 227.261h-97.783L256 134.265l-30.217 92.997H128l79.108 57.475-30.217 92.998L256 320.925l79.108 56.81-30.217-92.998L384 227.261z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Myanmar +95</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 426.663V85.337h512"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 152.222V85.337H411.67L0 359.778v66.885h100.33z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M512 85.337v40.125L60.193 426.663H0v-40.125L451.807 85.337z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M187.737 189.212l-22.741 10.696 12.11 22.024-24.693-4.724-3.129 24.945-17.199-18.347-17.2 18.347-3.129-24.945-24.693 4.723 12.109-22.023-22.739-10.696 22.74-10.697-12.11-22.022 24.693 4.722 3.13-24.944 17.199 18.347 17.2-18.347 3.128 24.944 24.693-4.722-12.108 22.024z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Namibia +264</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 239.994h512v32H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M174.802 341.329l-19.124 8.996 10.184 18.521-20.767-3.973-2.631 20.978L128 370.422l-14.465 15.429-2.63-20.978-20.767 3.973 10.183-18.521-19.123-8.996 19.124-8.995-10.184-18.52 20.766 3.971 2.632-20.978L128 312.236l14.465-15.429 2.63 20.978 20.767-3.971-10.183 18.521z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nauru +674</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 426.663V85.337l280.419 174.75H87.61l183.576 166.576z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M244.769 249.888L10.199 103.71v312.754h234.57L61.193 249.888z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M98.003 324.433l-14.589-6.863 7.77-14.13-15.844 3.03-2.008-16.005-11.035 11.772-11.036-11.772-2.008 16.005-15.843-3.031 7.77 14.131-14.591 6.863 14.591 6.862-7.77 14.13 15.844-3.029 2.007 16.004 11.036-11.772L73.332 358.4l2.008-16.004 15.843 3.03-7.769-14.13zM88.268 191.662l-10.612-4.991 5.651-10.278-11.523 2.205-1.461-11.641-8.026 8.561-8.026-8.561-1.46 11.641-11.525-2.205 5.652 10.278-10.613 4.991 25.972 5.194z"></path><path d="M93.462 191.662c0 17.212-13.953 31.165-31.165 31.165s-31.165-13.953-31.165-31.165"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nepal +977</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Netherlands +31</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 640 426.7"><path fill="#009543" d="M0 293h640v133.7H0V293z"></path><path fill="#ED4135" d="M0 132h640v161.3H0V132z"></path><path fill="#0035AD" d="M0 0h640v133.3H0V0z"></path><circle fill="#FAE600" stroke="black" stroke-width="5.3" cx="240" cy="213.3" r="157.3"></circle><path d="M307.9 354.5l-31.8 12-36.1 4.2-37.8-2.4-35.9-15.5s28.6-29.3 40.7-33.5c8.6-3 22.4-3.7 22.4-3.7V122l-.3-66H246l-.5 67.5v191.7s15.3 1.2 22.1 4.1c11.3 4.9 40.3 35.2 40.3 35.2z"></path><path d="M212.727 102.375l42.955-21.418 5.577 11.187-42.955 21.417z"></path><ellipse cx="237.8" cy="280.5" rx="16.8" ry="26.5"></ellipse><circle cx="237.4" cy="143.4" r="20.9"></circle><ellipse cx="238.4" cy="211.1" rx="19.9" ry="12.1"></ellipse><path d="M213.8 177h47v10h-47zM213.8 234h47v10h-47z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">New Caledonia +687</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 214.447c-22.949 0-41.553 18.603-41.553 41.553S233.05 297.553 256 297.553c22.949 0 41.553-18.603 41.553-41.553S278.949 214.447 256 214.447zm0 65.298c-13.114 0-23.745-10.631-23.745-23.745s10.631-23.745 23.745-23.745 23.745 10.631 23.745 23.745-10.631 23.745-23.745 23.745z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M276.563 261.936L256 256l-20.563 5.936-6.855 11.873h54.836z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M256 226.32l-13.709 23.744L256 256l13.709-5.936z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M235.437 261.936h41.126l-6.854-11.872h-27.418z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nicaragua +505</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><circle fill="#FF9811" cx="256" cy="256" r="32"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Niger +227</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0zM341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Nigeria +234</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.334h256v170.663H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.33h-32v69.333H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80z"></path></g><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 107.951v30.712h46.069zM96 85.331v48.913L22.628 85.331z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069zM160 85.331v48.913l73.372-48.913z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 107.951v30.712h46.069zM96 85.331v48.913L22.628 85.331z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069zM160 85.331v48.913l73.372-48.913z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 255.997v-15.082l57.377-38.252H80z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M0 233.376v-30.713h46.069zM96 255.994v-48.912l-73.372 48.912z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 255.997v-15.082l-57.377-38.252H176z"></path><g fill="#2E52B2"><path d="M256 233.376v-30.713h-46.069zM160 255.994v-48.912l73.372 48.912z"></path><circle cx="128" cy="170.66" r="22.627"></circle></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M128 154.663l3.97 12.222h12.854l-10.398 7.556 3.971 12.222L128 179.109l-10.398 7.554 3.972-12.222-10.398-7.556h12.853zM128 219.803l2.364 7.278h7.653l-6.19 4.498 2.364 7.278-6.191-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.364-7.278-6.19-4.498h7.652zM128 102.469l2.364 7.278h7.653l-6.19 4.498 2.364 7.278-6.191-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.364-7.278-6.19-4.498h7.652zM197.931 161.136l2.365 7.277h7.653l-6.192 4.499 2.365 7.279-6.191-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.365-7.279-6.191-4.499h7.652zM58.069 161.136l2.364 7.277h7.653l-6.191 4.499 2.364 7.279-6.19-4.498-6.191 4.498 2.365-7.279-6.192-4.499h7.653z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Niue +683</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0zM341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337zM304 311.995l-48-152.001-48 152.001h36v39.999h24v-39.999z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Norfolk Island +672</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M383.875 426.662L256 252.286l26.827 174.376zM133.565 85.33L256 252.286 230.314 85.33zM229.171 426.662L256 252.286 128.124 426.662zM0 85.33V212.9l256 39.386L28.333 85.33zM0 426.662h18.212L256 252.286 0 291.67zM256 252.286L512 212.9V85.33h-28.331zM281.686 85.33L256 252.286 378.434 85.33zM512 426.662V291.671l-256-39.385 237.787 174.376z"></path><circle cx="256" cy="252.29" r="59.359"></circle></g><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="256" cy="252.29" r="44.522"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">North Macedonia +389</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 750 500"><path fill="#0071BC" d="M0 0h750v500H0V0z"></path><g fill="white" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.9"><circle cx="375" cy="245" r="225" fill="white"></circle><circle cx="375" cy="245" r="165" fill="#0071BC"></circle></g><g stroke="black"><path fill="#8C8A8C" stroke-width="1.9" d="M444.7 450c.7 11-7.8 20-18.8 20H323.6c-11 0-19.5-9-19-20l16.7-325c.6-11 10-20 21-20h61.4c11 0 20.5 9 21.2 20l19.8 325z"></path><path fill="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M373 114l30 93h97l-78 56 29 92-78-56-78 57 30-93-79-57h97l30-92z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Northern Mariana Islands +1670</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 295.883H202.195v130.783H122.435V295.883H0V216.111h122.435V85.329H202.195v130.782H512V277.329z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M512 234.666v42.663H183.652v149.337h-42.674V277.329H0v-42.663h140.978V85.329h42.674v149.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Norway +47</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path></g><g fill="white"><path d="M189.746 160.439l-15.739-15.741-10.494 10.494-10.493-10.494-15.741 15.741 10.494 10.493-10.495 10.494 15.74 15.741 10.494-10.494 10.495 10.494 15.739-15.741-10.494-10.494zM211.478 85.331H512v111.315H211.478z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M211.478 315.353H512v111.304H211.478z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Oman +968</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><g fill="white"><path d="M393.508 170.516l17.512 18.875 23.363-10.821-12.541 22.487 17.513 18.876-25.263-4.978-12.539 22.488-3.073-25.564-25.263-4.978 23.363-10.82z"></path><path d="M0 85.343h512v341.326H0z"></path></g><path fill="#496E2D" d="M128 85.331h384v341.337H128z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M361.909 298.793c-31.037 22.426-74.378 15.446-96.804-15.592-22.427-31.038-15.446-74.379 15.593-96.804 9.677-6.992 20.55-11.125 31.613-12.563-21.283-3.183-43.777 1.613-62.598 15.211-38.2 27.602-46.792 80.944-19.191 119.145 27.601 38.199 80.944 46.792 119.145 19.189 18.82-13.598 30.436-33.448 34.096-54.655-4.839 10.05-12.176 19.076-21.854 26.069zM360.58 172.889l17.484 18.842 23.322-10.802-12.519 22.447 17.483 18.844-25.219-4.968-12.519 22.45-3.067-25.521-25.22-4.969 23.323-10.802z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Pakistan +92</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="218.902" cy="255.994" r="74.207"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Palau +680</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Palestine +970</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 85.33h512v341.332"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M204.631 326.488l2.762 8.504h8.941l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.502-7.233-5.254-7.233 5.254 2.762-8.502-7.233-5.255h8.94zM181.797 244.866l4.605 14.172h14.901l-12.056 8.757 4.605 14.172-12.055-8.759-12.055 8.759 4.606-14.172-12.056-8.757h14.901zM181.797 348.749l4.604 14.173h14.902l-12.057 8.757 4.606 14.173-12.055-8.759-12.055 8.759 4.604-14.173-12.054-8.757h14.899zM225.363 281.967l4.606 14.172h14.901l-12.056 8.758 4.605 14.172-12.056-8.759-12.054 8.759 4.606-14.172-12.056-8.758h14.901zM138.23 281.967l4.606 14.172h14.899l-12.054 8.758 4.603 14.172-12.054-8.759-12.055 8.759 4.605-14.172-12.055-8.758h14.9z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M376.526 204.163c-7.628-7.628-17.538-12.133-28.189-12.908l31.88-24.795c-12.698-12.698-29.714-18.431-46.319-17.218a44.31 44.31 0 00-11.396-19.511l-12.593 25.186a18.47 18.47 0 00-3.148-4.197c-7.245-7.245-18.991-7.244-26.234 0s-7.245 18.99 0 26.234a18.536 18.536 0 004.197 3.148l-25.186 12.593a44.303 44.303 0 0019.519 11.399c-1.217 16.606 4.511 33.619 17.209 46.317L324.12 214.6a11.053 11.053 0 017.807-3.202c2.973 0 5.768 1.158 7.87 3.26a11.055 11.055 0 013.26 7.87c0 2.974-1.158 5.768-3.26 7.87l10.494 10.494c4.905-4.905 7.607-11.428 7.607-18.364 0-5.675-1.81-11.071-5.153-15.534a29.492 29.492 0 0113.288 7.662c11.573 11.572 11.573 30.403 0 41.975l10.494 10.494c8.409-8.409 13.039-19.59 13.039-31.481-.001-11.892-4.632-23.072-13.04-31.481z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Papua New Guinea +675</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M289.579 216.738l-12.592 12.592c5.37 5.372 8.693 12.792 8.693 20.988 0 16.392-13.289 29.68-29.68 29.68-16.392 0-29.68-13.289-29.68-29.68 0-8.195 3.322-15.616 8.693-20.988l-12.592-12.592c-8.594 8.594-13.91 20.466-13.91 33.579 0 26.228 21.261 47.489 47.489 47.489s47.489-21.261 47.489-47.489c0-13.112-5.316-24.985-13.91-33.579z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 232.51l4.421 13.605h14.304l-11.573 8.408 4.421 13.604L256 259.719l-11.573 8.408 4.421-13.604-11.573-8.408h14.304z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Paraguay +595</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0zM341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Peru +51</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M512 85.337V256H256L0 85.337z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 256v170.663H0L256 256z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M161.908 256l-27.288-12.835 14.532-26.428-29.632 5.668-3.755-29.933-20.64 22.015-20.639-22.015-3.755 29.933-29.631-5.669 14.531 26.428L28.343 256l27.288 12.835L41.1 295.263l29.633-5.668 3.753 29.933 20.639-22.015 20.64 22.015 3.755-29.933 29.631 5.669-14.532-26.427zM21.789 117.607l9.081 12.696 14.879-4.714-9.268 12.56 9.081 12.694-14.809-4.932-9.268 12.559.117-15.608-14.809-4.934 14.88-4.712zM21.789 353.53l9.081 12.696 14.879-4.714-9.268 12.56 9.081 12.695-14.809-4.933-9.268 12.558.117-15.607-14.809-4.934 14.88-4.712zM210.395 235.569l-9.081 12.695-14.879-4.713 9.268 12.559-9.081 12.696 14.809-4.933 9.268 12.558-.117-15.607 14.809-4.934-14.88-4.713z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Philippines +63</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#ACABB1" d="M400.696 219.822L384 225.387l-16.696-5.565-5.565-13.913 5.565-13.913h33.392l-5.566 13.913z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M345.043 219.822v61.217c0 29.821 38.957 38.957 38.957 38.957s38.957-9.137 38.957-38.957v-61.217h-77.914z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M348.555 295.541C358.131 313.927 384 319.996 384 319.996s25.869-6.069 35.445-24.455L384 236.518l-35.445 59.023z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M422.957 280.421L384 219.822l-38.957 60.599v.618c0 5.518 1.337 10.328 3.512 14.503L384 240.405l35.445 55.137c2.175-4.175 3.512-8.983 3.512-14.503v-.618z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.333v30.553l-45.167 25.099H256v59.359h-59.103L256 233.179v22.817h-26.68l-73.494-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.43 48.573H0v-30.554l45.167-25.098H0v-59.359h59.103L0 108.139V85.333h26.68l73.494 40.825V85.333h55.652v48.572l87.43-48.572z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.332H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.737l100.174-55.652z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.982L256 101.067V85.33l-100.174 55.652z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Pitcairn +872</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><g fill="white"><path d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512V256H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 256h512v170.663H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Poland +48</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M196.641 85.337v341.326H0V85.337z"></path><circle fill="#FFDA44" cx="196.641" cy="256" r="64"></circle><path fill="#D80027" d="M160.638 224v40.001c0 19.882 16.118 36 36 36s36-16.118 36-36V224h-72z"></path><path fill="white" d="M196.638 276c-6.617 0-12-5.383-12-12v-16h24.001v16c-.001 6.616-5.385 12-12.001 12z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Portugal +351</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.337h512V153.6H0zM0 221.863h512v68.263H0zM0 358.4h512v68.263H0z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M83.477 195.132l15.107 46.498h48.894l-39.554 28.739 15.107 46.499-39.554-28.738-39.555 28.738 15.11-46.499-39.554-28.739H68.37z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Puerto Rico +1939</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#751A46" d="M2.216 86.076H512v339.848H2.216z"></path><path fill="white" d="M209.455 154.969l-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.266 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.268 50.236 25.257-50.236 25.267 50.236 25.268-36.45 18.33H0V86.07h172.939l36.516 18.364-50.236 25.267z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Qatar +974</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 26.666 640 426.666"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-width="1pt"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h640v480H0z"></path><path fill="#00267f" d="M0 0h213.3v480H0z"></path><path fill="#f31830" d="M426.7 0H640v480H426.7z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Reunion +262</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Romania +40</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.33v341.332h512V85.33z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.333h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.884h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Russia +7</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 255.994h512v81.619H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 337.614h512v89.043H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M278.261 185.209l20.844 9.804-11.099 20.186 22.632-4.33 2.868 22.865 15.765-16.816 15.766 16.816 2.867-22.865 22.633 4.33-11.099-20.186 20.843-9.804-20.844-9.805 11.1-20.185-22.633 4.329-2.868-22.864-15.765 16.816-15.766-16.816-2.867 22.864-22.634-4.329 11.1 20.187z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Rwanda +250</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.33"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.33H0z"></path><path fill="#E6BC00" d="M157.31 199.76s-9.04 43.93-19.31 40.39c-10.62-3.54-17.53-18.76-17.53-18.76l-14.52 21.24s38.18 8.48 41.01 5.47c1.22-1.14 8.21-15.1 10.34-26.05v-22.29zm-56.13 60.57s-2.48 20.18-1.06 22.66c1.24 2.3 39.48 11.33 39.48 11.33s-24.96 16.46-29.74 20.54L91.8 284.94l-.71-24.61h10.09zM112.51 94.64s39.65 41.6 40.36 45.5c.71 3.72-4.25 3.19-4.25 3.19s-44.79-37.53-49.92-41.07c-5.31-3.55 13.81-7.62 13.81-7.62z"></path><path fill="#ADADAD" d="M99.41 104.73s16.99-.71 16.64-11.51c-.35-10.62-11.15-14.87-19.12-12.39-7.97 2.3-23.01 13.45-13.63 35.05 9.38 21.42 23.37 29.39 26.2 47.8 0 0-5.46 9.86-19.12.35-16.9-11.77-6.2-38.24-10.44-44.96-4.25-7.08-40.95-38.92-40.95-38.92s-30.24 39.37-18 74.92c16.95 49.21 51.74 31.98 64.61 36.76 0 0-42.13 61.96-49.57 67.09 0 0 24.08 8.32 47.8-18.76 0 0 5.84 9.74 7.08 20.18h10.27c4.78-26.2 51.51-64.26 49.92-82.32-1.77-21.25-49.21-49.39-51.69-73.29z"></path><path fill="#E6BC00" d="M359.17 201.27s8.96 42.43 19.23 38.89c10.62-3.54 17.53-18.76 17.53-18.76l14.52 21.24s-37 8.48-39.83 5.47c-1.21-1.14-9.32-13.79-11.52-24.66l.07-22.18zm56.05 59.06s2.48 20.18 1.06 22.66c-1.24 2.3-39.48 11.33-39.48 11.33s24.96 16.46 29.74 20.54l18.06-29.92.71-24.61h-10.09zM403.89 94.64s-39.65 41.6-40.36 45.5c-.71 3.72 4.25 3.19 4.25 3.19s44.79-37.53 49.92-41.07c5.14-3.55-13.81-7.62-13.81-7.62z"></path><path fill="#125ECC" d="M157.31 87.06H359.1v145.46c0 16.06-9.69 21.39-21.91 31.85l-45.92 39.41c-18.25 15.62-47.91 15.57-66.07 0l-46.01-39.43c-12.08-10.35-21.88-15.71-21.88-31.82V87.06z"></path><path fill="#FFE600" d="M200.55 147.71c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm57.65-3c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm57.65 3c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zM214.96 274.43c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41c.01 7.96-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm43.24 14.42c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41c0 7.95-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm43.24-14.42c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41z"></path><path fill="#D60537" d="M157.31 175.36H359.1v57.65H157.31v-57.65z"></path><path fill="#EACE00" d="M142.9 43.82s57.65-14.41 115.31-14.41 115.31 14.41 115.31 14.41l-14.41 57.65s-50.45-14.41-100.89-14.41-100.89 14.41-100.89 14.41L142.9 43.82z"></path><path fill="#7A6920" d="M258.2 72.65c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm57.65 5c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41zm-115.3 0c-7.96 0-14.41-6.45-14.41-14.41s6.45-14.41 14.41-14.41 14.41 6.45 14.41 14.41-6.45 14.41-14.41 14.41z"></path><path fill="#ADADAD" d="M365.08 178.02c-1.59 18.06 45.14 56.12 49.92 82.32h10.27c1.24-10.44 7.08-20.18 7.08-20.18 23.72 27.09 47.8 18.76 47.8 18.76-7.44-5.13-49.57-67.09-49.57-67.09 12.88-4.78 47.67 12.45 64.61-36.76 12.24-35.55-18-74.92-18-74.92s-36.7 31.84-40.95 38.92c-4.25 6.73 6.46 33.2-10.44 44.96-13.66 9.51-19.12-.35-19.12-.35 2.83-18.41 16.82-26.38 26.2-47.8 9.38-21.6-5.66-32.75-13.63-35.05-7.97-2.48-18.76 1.77-19.12 12.39-.35 10.8 16.64 11.51 16.64 11.51-2.48 23.9-49.92 52.04-51.69 73.29z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="258.2" cy="204.19" r="16.93"></circle></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Barthelemy +590</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v117.4h-46.1l46.1 30.7v22.6h-22.6L160 121.8v48.9H96v-48.9l-73.4 48.9H0v-22.6l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.7V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.3H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.3H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 0v15.1l57.4 38.3H80zM256 0v15.1l-57.4 38.3H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 170.7v-15.1l57.4-38.2H80zM256 170.7v-15.1l-57.4-38.2H176z"></path></g><path fill="#29DBFF" d="M449 139.7c-.1 44.4-7.2 92.1-65 114.9-57.8-22.8-64.9-70.5-65-114.9h130z"></path><path fill="#ffda44" d="M449 139.7c0-16.7-.9-32.9-.5-47.1C426.9 83 398.4 81 383.9 81s-42.9 2-64.6 11.6c.4 14.2-.5 30.4-.5 47.1H449z"></path><path fill="#BF521B" d="M369.5 204.5l.3 10.3-12.8.2 4.9 13.2h-17.3c-18-20.2-23.4-42.4-24.9-68.1l9.1-9.7 8.3 14.3 10.8-12.8 7 7.8.8 15.7 13.8 29.1z"></path><path fill="#474747" d="M436.6 192.5l-8.6 18.3h-47l-29.2-19.5 25.7 10.5h25.1l3.7-6.5 7.2.2 2-3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan Da Cunha +290</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 0H0v342"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M307.7 0L0 194.5V342h206.9L513 148.5V0z"></path><path d="M513 0H385.2L0 249.4V341l126.2 1L513 91.6z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M141.1 187l31.2 24 32.3-22.2-13.1 37 31.1 23.9-39.2-1.1-13.2 37-11.1-37.6-39.2-1.1 32.3-22.2zM310.6 70.8l31.2 23.9 32.3-22.2-13.1 37 31.1 23.9-39.2-1.1-13.2 37-11.1-37.6-39.2-1.1 32.4-22.2z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Kitts and Nevis +1869</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="#55B2FF" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><path fill="#F3F3F3" d="M148.5 298.1h216l-108-254.2z"></path><path fill="#333" d="M186 272.7l70.5-160.3L327 272.7z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M148.5 298.1h216l-108-101.7z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Lucia +1758</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 108 72"><path d="M0 0h108v72H0z" fill="#003787"></path><path d="M0 0h108L60 48v24H48V48z" fill="white"></path><circle cx="54" cy="30" r="8" fill="#f9d90f"></circle><path d="M44 30h20L54 48z" fill="white"></path><path d="M54 48L38 33h32z" fill="#cf142b"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Martin +590</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 26.666 640 426.666"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-width="1pt"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h640v480H0z"></path><path fill="#00267f" d="M0 0h213.3v480H0z"></path><path fill="#f31830" d="M426.7 0H640v480H426.7z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Pierre and Miquelon +508</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h170.663v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M341.337 85.331H512v341.337H341.337zM214.261 283.82l-33.393-50.086 33.392-50.087 33.392 50.087zM297.739 283.82l-33.391-50.086 33.391-50.087 33.393 50.087zM256 350.603l-33.391-50.087L256 250.429l33.391 50.087z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines +1784</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h256v170.663H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M165.483 181.79l2.764 8.504h8.939l-7.232 5.254 2.763 8.503-7.234-5.255-7.233 5.255 2.763-8.503-7.233-5.254h8.94zM120.579 115.007l4.606 14.173h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.605 14.171-12.056-8.758-12.054 8.758 4.605-14.171-12.056-8.757h14.901zM165.101 129.848l4.606 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.604 14.173-12.055-8.76-12.054 8.76 4.604-14.173-12.055-8.757h14.9zM129.909 189.211l4.606 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.758 4.604 14.171-12.055-8.759-12.054 8.759 4.604-14.171-12.055-8.758h14.9zM90.899 152.108l4.605 14.173h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.604 14.173-12.054-8.76-12.055 8.76 4.604-14.173-12.055-8.757h14.9z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Samoa +685</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.34h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 85.334v166.69L0 256.175V85.334z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M323.744 203.099L256 270.843l-67.744-67.744a81.156 81.156 0 00-13.879 45.483v22.261c0 35.744 23.097 66.193 55.148 77.213-4.277 8.385-3.556 18.848 2.712 26.671l24.258-19.439 24.258 19.439c6.342-7.915 7.011-18.534 2.564-26.968 31.614-11.261 54.308-41.485 54.308-76.916v-22.261a81.174 81.174 0 00-13.881-45.483z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 330.206c-32.732 0-59.362-26.63-59.362-59.362v-22.261c0-32.733 26.63-59.363 59.362-59.363s59.362 26.63 59.362 59.362v22.261c0 32.733-26.63 59.363-59.362 59.363z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M293.101 270.843v-22.261c0-20.458-16.643-37.101-37.101-37.101s-37.101 16.643-37.101 37.101v22.261L256 278.264l37.101-7.421z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M218.899 270.843c0 20.458 16.643 37.101 37.101 37.101s37.101-16.643 37.101-37.101h-74.202z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M300.522 189.22c0-12.295-9.966-22.261-22.261-22.261a22.173 22.173 0 00-14.84 5.672v-13.093h7.421v-14.84h-7.421v-7.421h-14.84v7.421h-7.421v14.84h7.421v13.093a22.177 22.177 0 00-14.841-5.672c-12.295 0-22.261 9.966-22.261 22.261 0 6.591 2.867 12.512 7.421 16.589v13.093h74.203v-13.093c4.552-4.077 7.419-9.997 7.419-16.589z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">San Marino +378</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0zM0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path d="M302.049 226.318l7.368 22.674h23.842l-19.288 14.016 7.366 22.674-19.288-14.015-19.287 14.015 7.366-22.674-19.288-14.016h23.842zM376.252 226.318l7.367 22.674h23.842l-19.288 14.016 7.367 22.674-19.288-14.015-19.288 14.015 7.367-22.674-19.288-14.016h23.842z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sao Tome and Principe +239</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M183.548 289.386c0 12.295 9.731 22.261 21.736 22.261h65.208c0 10.244 8.11 18.551 18.114 18.551h21.736c10.004 0 18.114-8.306 18.114-18.551v-22.261H183.548zM330.264 181.791v51.942c0 8.183-6.5 14.84-14.491 14.84v22.261c19.976 0 36.226-16.643 36.226-37.101v-51.942h-21.735zM174.491 233.734c0 8.183-6.5 14.84-14.491 14.84v22.261c19.976 0 36.226-16.643 36.226-37.101v-51.942H174.49v51.942z"></path><path d="M297.661 181.788h21.736v51.942h-21.736zM265.057 211.473c0 2.046-1.625 3.71-3.623 3.71-1.998 0-3.623-1.664-3.623-3.71v-29.682h-21.736v29.682c0 2.046-1.625 3.71-3.623 3.71s-3.623-1.664-3.623-3.71v-29.682h-21.736v29.682c0 14.32 11.376 25.971 25.358 25.971 5.385 0 10.38-1.733 14.491-4.677 4.11 2.944 9.106 4.677 14.491 4.677 1.084 0 2.15-.078 3.2-.215-1.54 6.499-7.255 11.345-14.068 11.345v22.261c19.976 0 36.226-16.643 36.226-37.101v-51.943h-21.736l.002 29.682z"></path><path d="M207.093 248.57h32.601v22.261h-32.601z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Saudi Arabia +966</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M330.207 85.331H512v341.337H330.207z"></path><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M0 85.331h181.793v341.337H0zM255.999 196.632l14.733 45.347h47.685l-38.576 28.029 14.734 45.348-38.576-28.026-38.577 28.026 14.737-45.348-38.576-28.029h47.681z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Senegal +221</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M129.468 181.793v85.136c0 48.429 63.267 63.267 63.267 63.267S256 315.356 256 266.929v-85.136H129.468z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M155.634 196.634h74.201v-29.681l-14.841 7.42-22.261-22.26-22.259 22.26-14.84-7.42zM241.16 278.782l-48.231-48.231-48.231 48.231 15.741 15.74 32.49-32.49 32.49 32.49z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M241.16 233.734h-22.504a14.74 14.74 0 002.001-7.418c0-8.196-6.645-14.84-14.84-14.84-5.663 0-10.581 3.172-13.083 7.836-2.502-4.663-7.421-7.836-13.083-7.836-8.195 0-14.84 6.644-14.84 14.84 0 2.706.736 5.235 2.001 7.418h-22.114c0 8.196 7.139 14.84 15.334 14.84h-.494c0 8.196 6.644 14.84 14.84 14.84 0 7.257 5.211 13.286 12.094 14.576l-11.694 26.401a48.075 48.075 0 0018.149 3.544 48.079 48.079 0 0018.149-3.544l-11.694-26.401c6.883-1.29 12.094-7.319 12.094-14.576 8.196 0 14.84-6.644 14.84-14.84h-.494c8.199 0 15.338-6.644 15.338-14.84z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Serbia +381</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M235.454 85.337L0 426.663 427.345 85.337z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 329.393L0 426.663h512z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.337h-84.655L0 426.663l512-204.512z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337v341.326L235.454 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Seychelles +248</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sierra Leone +232</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.331v166.69L0 256.173V85.331z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M59.621 256a59.546 59.546 0 00-.193 4.57c0 32.821 26.607 59.429 59.429 59.429s59.429-26.607 59.429-59.429c0-1.539-.078-3.061-.193-4.57H59.621z"></path><circle cx="118.862" cy="210.287" r="18.286"></circle></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M77.715 205.714v59.429c0 31.494 41.144 41.143 41.144 41.143s41.144-9.649 41.144-41.143v-59.429H77.715z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M118.877 287.148c-7.632-2.746-22.876-9.767-22.876-22.006v-41.144h45.715v41.144c-.001 12.28-15.244 19.283-22.839 22.006z"></path><path fill="#F3F3F3" d="M128.001 246.856v-9.142l-9.144-4.571-9.142 4.571v9.142l-4.571 4.573v18.285h27.428v-18.285z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sint Maarten +1721</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 196.641h512v118.717H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 315.359h512v111.304H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M129.468 181.799v85.136c0 48.429 63.267 63.267 63.267 63.267S256 315.362 256 266.935v-85.136H129.468z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M146.126 184.294v81.941c0 5.472 1.215 10.64 3.623 15.485h85.97c2.408-4.844 3.623-10.012 3.623-15.485v-81.941h-93.216z"></path><path fill="white" d="M221.301 241.427h-21.425v-14.283h14.284v-14.283h-14.284v-14.284h-14.283v14.284h-14.282v14.283h14.282v14.283h-21.426v14.284h21.426v14.283h14.283v-14.283h21.425z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M169.232 301.658c9.204 5.783 18.66 9.143 23.502 10.636 4.842-1.494 14.298-4.852 23.502-10.636 9.282-5.833 15.79-12.506 19.484-19.939a24.878 24.878 0 00-14.418-4.583c-1.956 0-3.856.232-5.682.657-3.871-8.796-12.658-14.94-22.884-14.94-10.227 0-19.013 6.144-22.884 14.94a25.048 25.048 0 00-5.682-.657 24.88 24.88 0 00-14.418 4.583c3.691 7.433 10.198 14.106 19.48 19.939z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Slovakia +421</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 199.112h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M233.606 196.639v14.837c0 34.081-44.522 44.522-44.522 44.522s-44.522-10.44-44.522-44.522v-14.837l-.145-44.188 89.043-.266.146 44.454z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M233.606 196.639v14.837c0 34.081-44.522 44.522-44.522 44.522s-44.522-10.44-44.522-44.522v-14.837l-.145-44.188 89.043-.266.146 44.454z"></path><path fill="white" d="M233.606 196.639v14.837c0 34.081-44.522 44.522-44.522 44.522s-44.522-10.44-44.522-44.522v-14.837l14.848 14.837 29.674-22.261 29.685 22.261 14.837-14.837z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Slovenia +386</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 426.663V85.329h512"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 396.494v30.169h45.255L512 115.499v-30.17h-45.255z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M85.688 108.787l5.12 15.756h16.566l-13.403 9.737 5.12 15.757-13.403-9.738-13.405 9.738 5.12-15.757L64 124.543h16.567zM170.312 108.787l5.121 15.756H192l-13.403 9.737 5.12 15.757-13.405-9.738-13.403 9.738 5.12-15.757-13.403-9.737h16.566zM85.688 191.289l5.12 15.756h16.566l-13.403 9.738 5.12 15.757-13.403-9.739-13.405 9.739 5.12-15.757L64 207.045h16.567zM170.312 191.289l5.121 15.756H192l-13.403 9.738 5.12 15.757-13.405-9.739-13.403 9.739 5.12-15.757-13.403-9.738h16.566zM128 150.037l5.12 15.756h16.568l-13.405 9.738 5.12 15.758L128 181.55l-13.403 9.739 5.12-15.758-13.405-9.738h16.568z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Solomon Islands +677</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 157.273l22.663 69.748H352l-59.332 43.106 22.664 69.749L256 296.769l-59.332 43.107 22.664-69.749L160 227.021h73.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Somalia +252</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path d="M114.024 256.001L0 141.926v228.17z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M161.192 256L0 94.7v47.226l114.024 114.075L0 370.096v47.138z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M509.833 289.391c.058-.44.804-.878 2.167-1.318v-65.464H222.602L85.33 85.337H0V94.7L161.192 256 0 417.234v9.429h85.33l137.272-137.272h287.231z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M503.181 322.783H236.433l-103.881 103.88H512v-103.88z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M503.181 189.217H512V85.337H132.552l103.881 103.88z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">South Africa +27</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 0v117.4h-46.1l46.1 30.7v22.6h-22.6L160 121.8v48.9H96v-48.9l-73.4 48.9H0v-22.6l46.1-30.7H0v-64h46.1L0 22.7V0h22.6L96 48.9V0h64v48.9L233.4 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 0h-32v69.4H0v32h112v69.3h32v-69.3h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 22.7v30.7h-46.1z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 170.7v-11l62.5-42.3h22.6L7.3 170.7zM7.3.1l77.8 53.2H62.5L0 11.1V.1zM256 .1v11l-62.5 42.3h-22.6L248.7.1zM248.7 170.7l-77.8-53.3h22.6l62.5 42.3v11z"></path><g><ellipse fill="white" cx="443.4" cy="233.6" rx="29" ry="43.5"></ellipse><ellipse fill="#FFCE00" cx="406.9" cy="317.7" rx="22" ry="9.3"></ellipse><ellipse fill="#FFCE00" cx="364" cy="317.7" rx="22" ry="9.3"></ellipse><path fill="#39B200" d="M342 190.1l43.4 86.9 43.5-86.9z"></path><ellipse fill="#9B9B9B" cx="327.5" cy="233.6" rx="29" ry="43.5"></ellipse><path fill="#757575" d="M371 175.6l-14.5 14.5h57.9l-14.5-14.5 14.5-43.5s-13-29-29-29-29 29-29 29l14.6 43.5z"></path><circle fill="#C6B56F" cx="385.4" cy="67" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#A54A00" cx="386" cy="88.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="white" cx="443.4" cy="117.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#0049FF" cx="342.2" cy="146.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#0041F9" cx="429.8" cy="146.7" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#F7D71E" cx="386" cy="233.6" r="29"></circle><circle fill="#CEC851" cx="457.9" cy="190.1" r="29"></circle><circle fill="white" cx="385.4" cy="289.5" r="29"></circle><path fill="#7C0B29" d="M371 135.7l14.5-3.5 14.5 3.5c0 7.5-14.5 11-14.5 11s-14.5-3.5-14.5-11z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="327.5" cy="117.4" r="29"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands +500</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M256 256.006L0 426.668V85.331z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M73.178 209.188l20.831 29.067 34.084-10.83-21.207 28.795 20.83 29.069-33.939-11.271-21.208 28.794.234-35.762-33.94-11.273 34.083-10.83z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">South Sudan +211</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0zM0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Spain +34</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.329v341.337h512V85.329H0zm489.739 319.076h-267.13V107.59h267.13v296.815z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M222.609 107.595h267.13V404.41h-267.13z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M22.261 107.595h200.348V404.41H22.261z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M200.348 85.334h22.261v341.337h-22.261z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M22.261 107.595h89.043V404.41H22.261z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M111.304 107.595h89.043V404.41h-89.043z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M358.675 250.438v-44.522c0-7.424-11.13-14.848-11.13-14.848s-11.13 7.424-11.13 14.848h-44.522v44.522h22.261v22.261c0 4.875.979 9.539 2.76 13.768l-10.184 8.493h-29.674V157.677c-12.299 0-22.261 9.973-22.261 22.261v96.467a22.19 22.19 0 007.413 16.584v35.361h14.848v-18.554h66.783v29.685H328.99v14.837h29.685v-29.685l13.601-14.837h44.288v29.685h-14.848v14.837h29.685v-29.685l13.601-14.837 12.552-40.259-11.038-19.1h-38.945c-14.169-.122-40.637.09-48.896.001z"></path><path d="M370.551 211.844v25.229h71.513v13.365h4.452v-17.817h-71.513v-16.325h75.965v-4.452zM222.609 107.595h22.261v22.261h-22.261zM467.478 107.595h22.261v22.261h-22.261zM222.609 382.138h22.261v22.261h-22.261zM467.478 382.138h22.261v22.261h-22.261z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sri Lanka +94</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 426.668V85.331l256 170.675z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sudan +249</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M0 196.636h512v118.728H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M0 352.462h512v74.207H0zM0 85.331h512v74.207H0z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256.742 218.003l9.43 29.021h30.518L272 264.963l9.431 29.023-24.689-17.937-24.689 17.937 9.431-29.023-24.69-17.939h30.518z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Suriname +597</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M512 295.883H202.195v130.783H122.435V295.883H0V216.111h122.435V85.329H202.195v130.782H512V277.329z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M512 234.666v42.663H183.652v149.337h-42.674V277.329H0v-42.663h140.978V85.329h42.674v149.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Svalbard and Jan Mayen +47</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M192 85.33h-64v138.666H0v64h128v138.666h64V287.996h320v-64H192z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Sweden +46</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M356.174 222.609h-66.783v-66.783h-66.782v66.783h-66.783v66.782h66.783v66.783h66.782v-66.783h66.783z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Switzerland +41</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M0 312.882h512v113.775H0z"></path><g fill="#6DA544"><path d="M187.31 215.184l9.208 28.341h29.802l-24.11 17.518 9.209 28.342-24.109-17.516-24.11 17.516 9.209-28.342-24.109-17.518h29.801zM324.69 215.184l9.209 28.341H363.7l-24.109 17.518 9.209 28.342-24.11-17.516-24.109 17.516 9.209-28.342-24.11-17.518h29.802z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Syrian Arab Republic +963</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h256V256H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M186.435 170.669L162.558 181.9l12.714 23.125-25.927-4.961-3.286 26.192L128 206.993l-18.06 19.263-3.285-26.192-25.927 4.96 12.714-23.125-23.877-11.23 23.877-11.231-12.714-23.125 25.927 4.96 3.286-26.192L128 134.344l18.06-19.263 3.285 26.192 25.928-4.96-12.715 23.125z"></path><circle fill="#0052B4" cx="128" cy="170.674" r="29.006"></circle><path fill="white" d="M128 190.06c-10.692 0-19.391-8.7-19.391-19.391 0-10.692 8.7-19.391 19.391-19.391 10.692 0 19.391 8.7 19.391 19.391 0 10.691-8.699 19.391-19.391 19.391z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Taiwan +886</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M226.318 300.522h59.364v-25.23l-11.873 5.937L256 263.421l-17.809 17.808-11.873-5.937zM192.355 270.84l2.763 8.504h8.94l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.502-7.233-5.255-7.234 5.255 2.763-8.502-7.233-5.255h8.94zM200.921 241.16l2.763 8.502h8.94l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.504-7.233-5.256-7.234 5.256 2.763-8.504-7.233-5.255h8.94zM225.409 218.899l2.763 8.502h8.94l-7.233 5.255 2.763 8.504-7.233-5.256-7.234 5.256 2.763-8.504-7.233-5.255h8.94zM319.645 270.84l-2.763 8.504h-8.94l7.233 5.255-2.763 8.502 7.233-5.255 7.234 5.255-2.763-8.502 7.233-5.255h-8.94zM311.079 241.16l-2.763 8.502h-8.94l7.233 5.255-2.763 8.504 7.233-5.256 7.234 5.256-2.763-8.504 7.233-5.255h-8.94zM286.591 218.899l-2.763 8.502h-8.94l7.233 5.255-2.763 8.504 7.233-5.256 7.234 5.256-2.763-8.504 7.233-5.255h-8.94zM256 207.767l2.763 8.503h8.941l-7.234 5.256 2.763 8.502-7.233-5.254-7.233 5.254 2.763-8.502-7.234-5.256h8.941z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tajikistan +992</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 426.663V85.337h512"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M512 152.222V85.337H411.67L0 359.778v66.885h100.33z"></path><path d="M512 85.337v40.125L60.193 426.663H0v-40.125L451.807 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania +255</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.334h512V426.66H0z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 194.056h512v123.882H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.334h512v54.522H0zM0 372.143h512v54.522H0z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Thailand +66</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 256L0 90.691v44.242L155.826 256 0 377.067v44.242z"></path><path d="M0 90.691v330.618L189.217 256z"></path><path fill="white" d="M44.184 213.36l24.912 23.577 30.121-16.41-14.723 30.98 24.911 23.575-34.012-4.43L60.67 301.63l-6.296-33.716-34.012-4.43 30.119-16.408z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Timor-Leste +670</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M0 85.337h512V153.6H0zM0 358.4h512v68.263H0zM0 221.863h512v68.263H0z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h204.054v204.054H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M102.026 133.938l13.26 40.812h42.916l-34.718 25.226 13.26 40.814-34.718-25.224-34.719 25.224 13.263-40.814-34.718-25.226h42.913z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Togo +228</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M210.715 174.377l3.684 11.338h11.919l-9.643 7.006 3.684 11.337-9.644-7.007-9.644 7.007 3.684-11.337-9.645-7.006h11.921zM116.816 281.971l4.605 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.757 4.606 14.173-12.056-8.76-12.055 8.76 4.604-14.173-12.054-8.757h14.899zM144.696 119.679l4.604 14.172h14.901l-12.056 8.758 4.606 14.171-12.055-8.759-12.056 8.759 4.606-14.171-12.055-8.758h14.9zM69.539 175.331l4.604 14.172h14.9l-12.055 8.758 4.606 14.171-12.055-8.758-12.056 8.758 4.606-14.171-12.055-8.758h14.9z"></path></g><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M483.386 354.503H117.801s109.234-88.562 310.593-220.938c.001 0-88.443 128.935 54.992 220.938zM117.801 366.089c-11.177 0-11.195 17.37 0 17.37h365.585c11.177 0 11.195-17.37 0-17.37H117.801z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tokelau +690</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 85.331h256v170.663H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M141.357 157.303V130.59h-26.714v26.713H87.93v26.713h26.713v26.713h26.714v-26.713h26.713v-26.713z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tonga +676</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M6.066 85.337l207.961 212.636 131.584 128.69h160.323L297.973 214.027 166.389 85.337z"></path><path d="M43.364 85.337L384.69 426.663h83.946L127.31 85.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Trinidad and Tobago +1868</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="256" cy="255.994" r="96"></circle><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M267.826 219.291l16.47 22.695 26.673-8.649-16.496 22.676 16.468 22.695-26.664-8.681-16.495 22.676.017-28.04-26.664-8.682 26.674-8.648z"></path><path d="M277.818 312.724c-31.33 0-56.727-25.397-56.727-56.727s25.397-56.727 56.727-56.727c9.769 0 18.96 2.47 26.985 6.819-12.589-12.31-29.804-19.909-48.803-19.909-38.558 0-69.818 31.259-69.818 69.818s31.26 69.818 69.818 69.818c18.999 0 36.215-7.599 48.803-19.909-8.026 4.347-17.216 6.817-26.985 6.817z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tunisia +216</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 450 300"><path fill="#d80027" d="M0 150V0h450v300H0V150z"></path><path fill="white" d="M247.3 118.3l35.2 5.8L307.4 99l5.1 32.8L344 150l-31.5 18.2-4.9 33.5-25.1-25.9-35.2 5.8L263 150z"></path><path fill="white" d="M240.6 228.6c-43.3 0-78.3-35.1-78.3-78.3S197.4 72 240.6 72c8.1 0 15.8 1.2 23.2 3.5-17.3-15-39.8-24-64.5-24-54.4 0-98.6 44.1-98.6 98.6s44.1 98.6 98.6 98.6c24.2 0 46.3-8.7 63.4-23.1-7 1.9-14.4 3-22.1 3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Turkey +90</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M357.208 183.679c8.397-23.404-1.036-48.858-21.281-61.536a52.131 52.131 0 0110.884 2.621c27.002 9.688 41.038 39.428 31.35 66.431s-39.428 41.038-66.431 31.35a52.182 52.182 0 01-10.069-4.895c23.686 3.084 47.15-10.566 55.547-33.971zM310.637 115.729l-7.297 9.427-11.22-4.026 6.712 9.852-7.296 9.427 11.443-3.338 6.712 9.852.361-11.914 11.444-3.339-11.221-4.025z"></path><path d="M330.338 146.448l-7.296 9.427-11.221-4.026 6.712 9.852-7.296 9.427 11.443-3.339 6.712 9.853.36-11.915 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374.725h10.542l14.908-11.106v-8.011H128z"></path></g><g fill="#496E2D"><path d="M117.458 274.957l-14.908-11.105v-15.703l14.908-11.106h21.084l14.908 11.106v15.703l-14.908 11.105zM153.971 299.391h-6.493v-6.493h-11.411l-8.068-8.068-8.067 8.068h-11.41v6.493h-6.493v12.986h6.493v6.492h11.41l8.068 8.069 8.068-8.069h11.41v-6.492h6.493zM153.971 199.623h-6.493v-6.492h-11.411l-8.068-8.069-8.067 8.069h-11.41v6.492h-6.493v12.986h6.493v6.492h11.41l8.068 8.07 8.068-8.07h11.41v-6.492h6.493z"></path></g><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M120.576 248.576h14.84v14.84h-14.84z"></path><circle cx="128" cy="206.113" r="7.421"></circle><circle cx="128" cy="305.887" r="7.421"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Turkmenistan +993</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M332.058 191.996v78.221c0 38.103 51.942 49.779 51.942 49.779s51.942-11.675 51.942-49.779v-78.221H332.058z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M376.579 220.44c0 7.855-6.644 28.445-14.84 28.445s-14.84-20.589-14.84-28.445c0-7.856 14.84-14.222 14.84-14.222s14.84 6.367 14.84 14.222z"></path><path fill="#A2001D" d="M415.961 235.93c2.394-5.6 4.257-13.785 4.257-17.86 0-6.546-8.904-11.852-8.904-11.852s-8.904 5.306-8.904 11.852c0 4.075 1.862 12.26 4.257 17.86l-5.141 11.123a26.898 26.898 0 009.788 1.831c3.463 0 6.766-.654 9.788-1.831l-5.141-11.123z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M372.87 270.217s-7.421 14.222-7.421 28.445h37.101c0-14.222-7.421-28.445-7.421-28.445l-11.13-7.111-11.129 7.111z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M395.13 270.217v-3.555c0-5.891-4.983-10.666-11.13-10.666-6.147 0-11.13 4.776-11.13 10.666v3.555h22.26z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.333v30.553l-45.167 25.099H256v59.359h-59.103L256 233.179v22.817h-26.68l-73.494-40.826v40.826h-55.652v-48.573l-87.43 48.573H0v-30.554l45.167-25.098H0v-59.359h59.103L0 108.139V85.333h26.68l73.494 40.825V85.333h55.652v48.572l87.43-48.572z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M144 85.33h-32v69.332H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path fill="#0052B4" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M155.826 200.344L256 255.996v-15.737l-71.847-39.915zM71.846 200.344L0 240.259v15.737l100.174-55.652z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><path fill="white" d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M100.174 140.982L0 85.33v15.737l71.847 39.915zM184.154 140.982L256 101.067V85.33l-100.174 55.652z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Turks and Caicos Islands +1649</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 900 600"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 0h900v600H0z"></path><path fill="#00B2EE" d="M0 300h450V0h450v600H0V300z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M345.3 480.9l29.4 90.6-77.1-56H393l-77.1 56 29.4-90.6zM706.4 340l29.4 90.6-77.1-56H754l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM812.8 261.5l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM812.8 37.4l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6z"></path><path fill="white" d="M449.9 0v206.3h-81l81 54V300h-39.7l-129-85.9V300H168.7v-85.9L39.7 300H0v-39.7l81-54H0V93.8h81L0 39.9V0h39.7l129 85.9V0h112.5v85.9L410.2 0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M253.1 0h-56.3v122H0v56.2h196.8V300h56.3V178.2h196.8V122H253.1z"></path><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M449.9 39.9v53.9h-81z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 300v-19.3l109.9-74.4h39.7L12.8 300zM12.8.1l136.8 93.7h-39.7L0 19.4V.1zM449.9.2v19.3L340 93.8h-39.7L437.1.2zM437.1 300l-136.8-93.7H340l109.9 74.4V300z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M719.9 131.6l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM584 187.7l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM614 430.6l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56 29.5-90.6zM488 332l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56L488 332zM488 464l29.4 90.6-77.1-56h95.3l-77.1 56L488 464z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Tuvalu +688</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="#232323" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 56.9h512v56.9H0z"></path><path fill="#D32300" d="M0 113.8h512v56.9H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 227.6h512v56.9H0z"></path><path fill="#D32300" d="M0 284.4h512v56.9H0z"></path><circle fill="white" cx="256" cy="170.7" r="80.7"></circle><path d="M234.5 127.5c.9-1.4-19.6-2-19.6-2 1.7-2.5 18.4-10.5 18.4-10.5s-.9-6 2.7-9.8l-4.5-9.8s7-3.4 18.4-3.4 19.9 7 21 13.1l-6.4 3.4c-.1 4.7 1.7 11.6-4.3 17.3-5.9 5.7-8.3 6.9-8.5 18.8 0 3.9 2.3 8.2 8.8 11.7 17.4 9.3 38.6 28.2 44.6 33.9 6.1 5.7 5.1 19.2 2.6 25.2s-12.1 14.3-14.3 13.6c-2.2-.6 1.2-9.2-3.5-11.6 0 0-8.9-7.6-16.8.6s-.2 25.2 3.9 28c4.1 2.8 1.7 5-1.9 5H247c-3.8 0-5.4-2.3-1.9-5 7.6-3.8 12.4-15.3 7.4-20.3-4.9-4.9-18.3 1.5-21.5 6.3-2.8 2.8-8.8 3.6-12.9-1.4s-4.1-10.4-1.1-12.5c7-4.8 0 0 .1-.1 0 0 11.9-8.6 29.9-9 3.9 0 4.8-2.2 2.2-4.8 0 0-30.9-27.4-28.1-44.2 3-18.3 20-26.3 13.4-32.5-1.3-1.8 0 0 0 0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Uganda +256</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512V256H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Ukraine +380</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M288 85.33h-64v138.666H0v64h224v138.666h64V287.996h224v-64H288z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M393.785 315.358L512 381.034v-65.676zM311.652 315.358L512 426.662v-31.474l-143.693-79.83zM458.634 426.662l-146.982-81.664v81.664z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M311.652 315.358L512 426.662v-31.474l-143.693-79.83z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M311.652 315.358L512 426.662v-31.474l-143.693-79.83z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M90.341 315.356L0 365.546v-50.19zM200.348 329.51v97.151H25.491z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M143.693 315.358L0 395.188v31.474l200.348-111.304z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M118.215 196.634L0 130.958v65.676zM200.348 196.634L0 85.33v31.474l143.693 79.83zM53.366 85.33l146.982 81.664V85.33z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M200.348 196.634L0 85.33v31.474l143.693 79.83z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M200.348 196.634L0 85.33v31.474l143.693 79.83z"></path><g fill="#0052B4"><path d="M421.659 196.636L512 146.446v50.19zM311.652 182.482V85.331h174.857z"></path></g><path fill="#D80027" d="M368.307 196.634L512 116.804V85.33L311.652 196.634z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">United Kingdom +44</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 513 342"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h513v342H0z"></path><g fill="#338AF3"><path d="M0 38h513v38H0zM0 114h513v38H0zM0 190h513v38H0zM0 266h513v38H0z"></path></g><path fill="white" d="M0 0h256.5v190H0z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M192 95l-26.2 12.3 14 25.3-28.4-5.4-3.6 28.7-19.8-21.1-19.8 21.1-3.6-28.7-28.4 5.4 14-25.3L64 95l26.2-12.3-14-25.3 28.4 5.4 3.6-28.7L128 55.2l19.8-21.1 3.6 28.7 28.4-5.4-14 25.3z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Uruguay +598</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 322.783h512v103.88H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M0 210.877h512v89.656H0z"></path><path fill="#338AF3" d="M0 85.337h512v104.515H0z"></path><g fill="white"><path d="M188.688 137.589c0-15.984 11.234-29.339 26.236-32.614a33.531 33.531 0 00-7.155-.777c-18.442 0-33.391 14.949-33.391 33.391s14.949 33.391 33.391 33.391c2.458 0 4.85-.273 7.155-.777-15.002-3.275-26.236-16.63-26.236-32.614zM234.658 152.766l2.261 6.957h7.315l-5.918 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.919-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.261-6.956-5.918-4.301h7.315zM258.006 152.766l2.26 6.957h7.315l-5.918 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.956-5.917-4.301h7.314zM281.353 152.766l2.26 6.957h7.315l-5.917 4.301 2.26 6.956-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.956-5.918-4.301h7.315zM304.7 152.766l2.262 6.957h7.315l-5.919 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.919-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.262-6.956-5.919-4.301h7.314zM328.048 152.766l2.26 6.957h7.315l-5.918 4.301 2.261 6.956-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.956-5.917-4.301h7.314zM258.006 128.482l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.918 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.918-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.26-6.957-5.917-4.3h7.314zM281.353 128.482l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.917 4.3 2.26 6.957-5.918-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.26-6.957-5.918-4.3h7.315zM304.7 128.482l2.262 6.956h7.315l-5.919 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.919-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.262-6.957-5.919-4.3h7.314zM328.048 128.482l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.918 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.918-4.299-5.918 4.299 2.26-6.957-5.917-4.3h7.314zM281.353 104.198l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.917 4.3 2.26 6.957-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.957-5.918-4.3h7.315zM304.7 104.198l2.262 6.956h7.315l-5.919 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.919-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.262-6.957-5.919-4.3h7.314zM328.048 104.198l2.26 6.956h7.315l-5.918 4.3 2.261 6.957-5.918-4.3-5.918 4.3 2.26-6.957-5.917-4.3h7.314z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Uzbekistan +998</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M512 256v170.663H0L215.185 256z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M512 85.337V256H215.185L0 85.337z"></path><path d="M221.001 239.304L26.868 85.337H8.956l208.168 165.098H512v-11.131zM8.956 426.663h17.912l194.133-153.967H512v-11.131H217.124zM0 92.44v14.206L188.317 256 0 405.354v14.205L206.229 256z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M8.956 85.337H0v7.103L206.229 256 0 419.559v7.104h8.956l208.168-165.098H512v-11.13H217.124z"></path><path d="M63.718 292.382v-14.295c14.265 0 25.87-11.606 25.87-25.869 0-10.092-8.211-18.303-18.304-18.303-6.875 0-12.469 5.593-12.469 12.469 0 4.397 3.577 7.974 7.974 7.974a4.514 4.514 0 004.508-4.508h14.295c0 10.368-8.435 18.804-18.802 18.804-12.279-.002-22.269-9.993-22.269-22.271 0-14.758 12.006-26.764 26.764-26.764 17.975 0 32.599 14.623 32.599 32.599 0 22.145-18.018 40.164-40.166 40.164z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Vanuatu +678</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22.5 15"><path fill="#FFCE00" d="M0 0h22.5v5H0z"></path><path fill="#203899" d="M0 5h22.5v5H0z"></path><path fill="#D82B2B" d="M0 10h22.5v5H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M12.13 5.38l.14.46.45.14-.39.27.01.48-.38-.29-.45.15.15-.44-.28-.38h.47zM10.36 5.38l.27.39h.47l-.28.38.15.45-.45-.16-.38.28.01-.47-.39-.28.45-.13zM13.8 5.94l-.01.48.39.27-.46.14-.14.45-.27-.38h-.48l.29-.38-.15-.45.45.16zM8.69 5.96l.4.27.44-.18-.13.46.3.36-.47.02-.26.4-.16-.44-.46-.12.37-.3zM15.24 7.13l-.2.44.25.4-.47-.05-.31.36-.1-.46-.43-.18.41-.24.03-.47.35.31zM15.43 8.25l.21.43.47.07-.34.33.08.46-.42-.22-.42.22.08-.46-.34-.33.47-.07zM7 8.2l.21.43.47.06-.34.33.08.47L7 9.27l-.42.22.08-.47-.34-.33.47-.06zM7.31 7.05l.45.14.38-.29v.48l.39.26-.45.15-.13.46-.28-.38-.47.01.27-.38z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela +58</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#D80027" d="M196.641 85.337H0v341.326h512V85.337z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M256 157.279l22.663 69.747H352l-59.332 43.106 22.664 69.749L256 296.774l-59.332 43.107 22.664-69.749L160 227.026h73.337z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Vietnam +84</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#0052B4" d="M0 85.334h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M256 85.334V202.66h-46.069L256 233.38v22.617h-22.628L160 207.078v48.919H96v-48.919l-73.372 48.919H0V233.38l46.069-30.72H0v-64h46.069L0 107.951V85.334h22.628L96 134.241V85.334h64v48.907l73.372-48.907z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M144 85.33h-32v69.333H0v32h112v69.334h32v-69.334h112v-32H144z"></path><path d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80zM256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 85.329v15.083l57.377 38.251H80zM256 85.329v15.083l-57.377 38.251H176z"></path></g><path fill="#2E52B2" d="M256 107.951v30.712h-46.069z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 255.997v-15.082l57.377-38.252H80zM256 255.997v-15.082l-57.377-38.252H176z"></path></g><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M384 259.706l-46.129 46.129c8.645 16.675 26.051 28.074 46.129 28.074s37.484-11.4 46.129-28.074L384 259.706z"></path><path fill="#6DA544" d="M332.058 178.084V259.708c.001 39.759 51.942 51.941 51.942 51.941s51.941-12.182 51.942-51.942v-81.623H332.058z"></path><path fill="white" d="M372.87 215.181h22.261v59.359H372.87z"></path><circle fill="#A2001D" cx="384" cy="215.181" r="11.13"></circle><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M346.902 192.92h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM346.902 226.312h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM346.902 259.703h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM406.261 192.92h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM406.261 226.312h14.84v14.84h-14.84zM406.261 259.703h14.84v14.84h-14.84z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Virgin Islands, British +1284</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 341.3"><path fill="white" d="M0 0h512v341.3H0z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M397.7 166.3l-51 97.7c-1.1 2-.3 4.5 1.8 5.6 2 1.1 4.5.3 5.6-1.8l51-97.7c1-2.1.1-4.6-2-5.5-2-.9-4.3-.2-5.4 1.7z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M404.9 188l-57.8 75.4c-1.3 1.9-.8 4.5 1.1 5.8 1.7 1.2 4.1.9 5.5-.7l57.8-75.4c1.4-1.8 1.1-4.4-.8-5.8-1.8-1.5-4.4-1.1-5.8.7z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M379 181.3l-32.5 83.1c-.8 2.1.2 4.6 2.4 5.4 2.1.8 4.6-.2 5.4-2.4l32.5-83.1c.7-2.2-.4-4.5-2.6-5.3-2.1-.6-4.3.4-5.2 2.3z"></path><path fill="#409347" d="M122.1 171.9c.4 1.7 1.2 4.7 2.2 8.5 1.7 6.4 3.6 12.8 5.6 18.7 2.3 6.9 14.7 31.4 20.2 39.1 6.9 9.7 14.1 19.3 21.5 28.6 1.6 1.9 4.5 2.1 6.4.5 1.8-1.6 2.1-4.3.7-6.2-7.3-9.2-14.4-18.6-21.2-28.2-4.2-5.8-17.2-31.1-19-36.7-2.9-8.7-5.4-17.6-7.6-26.5-.5-2.4-2.9-4-5.3-3.5s-4 2.9-3.5 5.3c-.1.2 0 .3 0 .4z"></path><g fill="#FFD836" stroke="#231F20" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path d="M297.1 114.9S279.5 42.8 261 42.8c-6.9 0-11.9-.6-15.4 6.4-.9 1.7-20.7-1.6-19.1 20.8.5 6.9 1.1-9.8 14.9-3.4 6.3 3-16.4 48.2-16.4 48.2h72.1z"></path><path d="M466.1 48.4l-90.9 22c-75.3 18.3-42.1 44.4-42.1 44.4l-72.1 12-72.1-12s33.2-26.1-42.1-44.4l-90.9-22C43.1 45.3 38.1 51.8 45.3 63c0 0 106.6 104 126.8 112 20.2 8.1 40.8 0 40.8 0s-14.9 8.7-24 24c-9.2 15.3-4.6 34.7-38.9 40.2-5.5 6.6-5 14 2.9 19.9 7.9 5.8 72.1-48.1 72.1-48.1s-24 24.4-24 36.1c0 5.1 44.1 53.8 60.1 53.8s60.1-48.7 60.1-53.8c0-11.7-24-36.1-24-36.1s64.2 53.9 72.1 48.1 11.4-19.3 2.8-19.9c-28-1.8-29.7-24.9-38.9-40.2-9.2-15.3-24-24-24-24s20.6 8.1 40.8 0S476.7 63 476.7 63c7.2-11.2 2.3-17.7-10.6-14.6z"></path></g><path fill="white" stroke="#231F20" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M201.3 111.8v80.3c0 45.7 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.7s59.7-14 59.7-59.7v-80.3H201.3h0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M225.2 137.7V235c8.2 6 17 10.2 23.9 12.9V137.7h-23.9zM296.8 137.7V235c-8.2 6-17 10.2-23.9 12.9V137.7h23.9z"></path></g><path fill="#0052B4" d="M201.3 111.8h119.4v37.9H201.3z"></path><path fill="#1583C4" d="M60.1 210.5l-21.9-58.1H15.7l31.8 80.8h25.2l31.5-80.8H81.7zM451.5 151.9h18.9v81.7h-18.9z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Virgin Islands, U.S. +1340</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 150 100"><path fill="#ED2939" d="M0 0h150v100H0z"></path><path fill="#002395" d="M0 0h20v44.33H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M20 0h20v44.33H20z"></path><path fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="3" d="M0 44.33h62.75V0"></path><path fill="white" d="M108.08 43.29L87.96 23.17h40.25l-20.13 20.12zm-6.7 6.71L81.25 29.88v40.25L101.38 50zm6.7 6.71L87.96 76.83h40.25l-20.13-20.12zm6.71-6.71l20.13-20.13v40.25L114.79 50z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Wallis and Futuna +681</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="white" d="M0 85.337h512v341.326H0z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M0 85.337h512v113.775H0z"></path><path d="M0 312.888h512v113.775H0z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Yemen +967</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path fill="#496E2D" d="M0 85.331h512v341.337H0z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M490.668 195.476h-48c0-8.836-7.164-16-16-16s-16 7.164-16 16h-48c0 8.836 7.697 16 16.533 16h-.533c0 8.836 7.162 16 16 16 0 8.836 7.162 16 16 16h32c8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16 8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16h-.533c8.837 0 16.533-7.164 16.533-16z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M341.337 255.994h56.888v170.663h-56.888z"></path><path fill="#FF9811" d="M455.112 255.994H512v170.663h-56.888z"></path><path d="M398.225 255.994h56.888v170.663h-56.888z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Zambia +260</div></div></div><div class="bg-white pr-spacing10 pl-spacing16 pt-spacing10 pb-spacing10 w-full font-normal text-xs text-gray cursor-pointer border-1 border-white hover:border-neutral-400"><div class="flex items-center font-Inter"><div class="w-5 h-5 flex items-center"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 85.333 512 341.333"><path d="M0 85.333h512V426.67H0z"></path><g fill="#FFDA44"><path d="M0 134.196h512v48.868H0zM0 329.668h512v48.868H0z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 85.333h512v48.868H0z"></path><g fill="#D80027"><path d="M0 183.069h512v48.868H0zM0 280.806h512v48.868H0z"></path></g><path fill="#6DA544" d="M0 378.542h512v48.128H0z"></path><path fill="white" d="M276.992 255.996L106.329 426.659H0V85.333h106.329z"></path><path d="M256 255.996L85.334 426.662h20.987l170.667-170.666L106.321 85.33H85.334z"></path><path fill="#D80027" d="M102.465 202.57l13.259 40.812h42.917l-34.718 25.226 13.26 40.814-34.718-25.224-34.72 25.224 13.262-40.814-34.718-25.226h42.915z"></path><path fill="#FFDA44" d="M138.94 259.335l-34.559-12.243s-2.553-23.955-2.708-24.766c-1.173-6.18-6.603-10.851-13.123-10.851-7.376 0-13.357 5.98-13.357 13.357 0 1.223.178 2.402.486 3.528l-9.689 9.755h17.229c0 17.882-13.344 17.882-13.344 35.691l7.402 17.809h44.522l7.422-17.809h-.004a17.782 17.782 0 001.381-5.231c6.397-2.589 8.342-9.24 8.342-9.24z"></path></svg></div><div class="pl-spacing4 w-6 items-center text-neutral-700 font-semibold md:!w-45 !w-auto pl-spacing8 text-sm">Zimbabwe +263</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-col justify-start items-start self-stretch flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-0 relative mb-spacing16"><p class="text-xs leading-4.5"><span 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The interaction part includes updating, deleting and requesting information from database. SQL is ISO and ANSI standard and various database products like Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server support SQL. It is used in every industry to deal with complex databases.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>The rising demand of SQL has created lots of opportunities for the SQL developers from many prime companies around the world. According to a recent report released by </span><a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/809750/worldwide-popularity-ranking-database-management-systems/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Statistica</span></a><span>, SQL is the most popular database management systems (DBMS) in the world and the market is expected to grow by 70% in the year 2020. So, you have a chance to go ahead make your career in SQL.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>SQL Developers are paid highly. According to </span><a href="https://www.indeed.com/salaries/SQL-Developer-Salaries" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Indeed</span></a><span>, they earn an average of $85,483 per year and can play the roles like Database developer, Data/ETL Developer Analyst (SQL Server), SQL Database developer, SQL Server Developer, </span><a href="business-intelligence-and-visualization" class="CertTheme__link"><span>Data Visualization</span></a><span> Developer, Business Intelligence developer, and so on. Amdocs, IBM, Oracle, Wipro, Infosys, TCS, CTS, are the top companies hire SQL Developers.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>These PL/SQL interview questions are very common and specially framed for basic to advanced level individual to clear any type of tricky SQL job interview. These top SQL interview questions and answers will increase your confidence level and let you ace the interview easily.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>Preparing with these interview questions for SQL will aid you achieve your dream job and face the toughest of SQL questions in the best possible way. PL/SQL interview questions are framed by the experts and proved to be more effective questions.</span></p><p class="CertTheme__paragraph" dir="ltr" data-mode="standard"><span>So, feel confident during an interview with these SQL interview questions and answers given below. 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